Essays and Class Discusions : Students will be expected to write six brief (2-3 pp.) response essays and organize and lead several class discussions based upon the readings. Essays should be in MS Word format, double-spaced, .11 font size, with 1" margins all around. In addition, attach a bibliography of readings discussed in the essay as a 4th page. Send the essays as an email attachment to shifflet@vt.edu and also turn in a hard copy. Essays may be submitted at any time but with these conditions: three essays will be due by 17 March; the last three must be submitted by 4 May. An essay must be submitted each time you serve as discussion spark. Late essays carry a letter grade penalty for each class period late.

Texts available for purchase:

Moloho and Wood, Imagined Histories: American Historians Interpret the Past

Heffner,. Democracy in America by Alexis de Tocqueville

Hartz, Louis. The Liberal Tradition in America

Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Kammen, Michael. People of Paradox

Kerber, Women of the Republic

Fredrickson, George M. The Arrogance of Race: Historical Perspectives on Slavery, Racism and Social Equality

Wyatt-Brown, Betram.  Honor and Violence in the Old South

Gutman, Herbert. Power and Culture: Essays on the Working Class

Genovese, Eugene. The Political Economy of Slavery

Course Requirements:

1. Each week all students are expected to read the Core Reading thoroughly and acquaint themselves with additional items of interest from the supplementary reading lists. From the beginning, students are encouraged to select a particular topic and pursue it through the entire course, for example, race, class, gender, or culture. Everything you read then might be related to this topic and its relationship to identity.

2. Response essays are not comprehensive essays or descriptive summaries of everything you have read. Depth is more important than breadth. Comparing several perspectives on the same topic is preferable to an unfocused discussion of all the material you have read. The choice of topics is yours, but your brief essays should summarize the main arguments of the core readings on your topic, compare and contrast different points of view on the same subject, and make connections to other readings of relevance to your interests. Free free to invent a responsive posture. You may decide, for example, to comment on how your readings might shape your teaching or future thesis research; or how they have altered your previous understanding.  It would be exciting to see you develop your ideas on a particular historical problem systematically over the course of the semester.

3. Discussion sparks. Discussion leaders should post to the class e-mail several focus questions for class discussion, well in advance (Monday afternoon) of the Tuesday class meeting. These questions should be broad-ranging enough to encompass as many of the readings as possible yet provide definite direction to pathways of inquiry. In other words, the questions should organize the discussion around central themes rather than just present us with a laundry list of topics to talk about. The quality of these questions will largely determine the quality of the class discussion (and my evaluation of your class participation). Discussion leaders should also plan to read more extensively (be familiar with more of the historiography) from the supplementary and recommended reading list during the week for which they are responsible.

4. Grading: All papers will be marked as follows:  below (75),  meets (85), or exceeds (95) graduate-level expectations.You can expect to receive "below" ratings at the beginning, but these should improve over the course of the semester. The highest five paper grades will be recorded and count for 60% of the overall grade. Handling of discussion groups counts for 30% of the final grade. Contributions to class discussions counts for 10% of the final grade. Missing class for any reason, failure to complete any class assignment, late work, lack of class participation in discussions, or other indications of disinterest will affect your grade adversely. Conversely, regular contributions to the class discussions, assistance to your classmates with their work, or other demonstrations of interest will reflect postively on your grade.

19 Jan : Course introduction; the comparative approach to history; "exceptionalism;" comparative study of race, class, and gender

Core readings: Students should read the following selections before the first class meeting (some of these readings may be dispersed in other parts of the syllabus):

Frederick Cooper, "Review Essay: Race, Ideology and the Perils of Comparative History, " American Historical Review (October 1996)

Raymond Grew, "The Case for Comparing Histories," 763-778; and Alette Olin Hill and Boyd H. Hill, Jr., "Marc Bloch and Comparative History, 809ff. with comments by William H. Sewell, Jr. and Sylvia L. Thrupp and reply by the Hills, 828ff; all in AHR 85:4 (October 1980)

Barbara Fields, "Slavery, Race, and Ideology in the United States of America," New Left Review181 (May/June 1990), 95-118.

George M. Fredrickson, "From Exceptionalism to Variability: Recent Developments in Cross-National Comparative History," JAH (September 1995), 587-604.

__________________, "Colonialism and Racism: The United States and South Africa in Comparative Perspective," in Fredrickson, The Arrogance of Race

George M. Fredrickson, "Comparative History," in The Past Before Us, ed. Michael Kammen

Raymond Grew, "The Comparative Weakness of American History," Journal of Interdisciplinary Histoy 16 (summer 1985).

Peter Kolchin, "Comparing American History," Reviews in American History 10 (December 1982).

Joan Scott, "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis," AHR 91 (December 1986), 1053-1075

26 Jan: The idea of America; a "fragment" society; an exceptionalist nation; democracy and equality vs. liberty and individualism; individual, regional, and national identity

Core Reading:

Moloho and Wood, Imagined Histories, ch. 1

De Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Part I

Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America, Part I

Supplementary:

T. H. Breen, "Ideology and Nationalism on the Eve of the American Revolution: Revisions Once More in Need of Revising," JAH, 84: 1 (June 1997), 13-39.

Christopher Lasch, "Nostalgia: The Abdication of Memory," in Lasch, The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics

Erik H. Erikson, "Reflections on the American Identity," in Erikson, Childhood and Society

Eric Hobsbawm, "Introduction: Invention Traditions," in Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, eds., The Invention of Tradition

Seymour Lipset, American Exceptionalism

Ian Tyrell, "American Exceptionalism in an Age of International History," American Historical Review, 96 (October 1991), 1031-1055

Michael McGerr, "The Price of the 'New Transnational History,'" American Historical Review, 98 (October 1991), 1056-1067.

David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America, 3-11; 783-902

Week 3: Formation of American Society (Discussion spark:

2 Feb: Settlement; cultural frontiers; Euro-Hispanic-Indian creole societies: Spain v. England; gender on the frontier; early attitudes towards race and slavery

Core Reading:

Kammen, People of Paradox, Part 1

Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Part 2, Book 1

George Fredrickson, "Social Origins of American Racism," in Fredrickson, The Arrogance of Race

Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Supplementary

Kathleen M. Brown, "Women in Early Jamestown," Virtual Jamestown

James Horn, Leaving England: The Social Background of Indentured Servants in the Seventeenth Century," Virtual Jamestown

Jack P. Greene, Pursuit of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture

Virginia Bernhard, "Beyond the Chesapeake: The Contrasting Status of Blacks in Bermuda, 1616-1663," Journal of Southern History 54:4, (November 1988), 545-64.

Kathleen M. Brown, "Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change, 26-48.

J. Frederick Fausz, "The Invasion of Virginia: Indians, Colonialism, and the Conquest of Cant: A Review Essay on Anglo-Indian Relations in the Chesapeake," VMHB 95:2 (April 1987), 133-156.

Fisher, "East Anglia to Massachusetts," in Albion's Seed, 13-205

Ramon Gutierrez , When Jesus Came the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500-1846

H. Hoetink, The Two Variants in Caribbean Race Relations

Karen Ordahl Kupperman, Indians and English: Facing Off in Early America

Timothy J. Shannon, Atlantic Lives: A Comparative Approach to Early America

Peter C. Mancall, ed., The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550-1624

Winthrop Jordon, The White Man's Burden

Philip D. Morgan, "Slave Life in Piedmont Virginia, 1720-1800," in Lois Green Carr, Philip D. Morgan, and Jean B. Russo, eds., Colonial Chesapeake Society.

Nancy Shoemaker, "Kateri Tekakwitha's Tortuous Path to Sainthood," in Shoemaker, ex., Negotiators, 49-71.

Nancy Shoemaker, "The Rise and Fall of Iroquois Women," Journal of Women's History (Winter 1991), 39-57.

David Smits, "'Abominable Mixture,': Toward the Repudiation of Anglo-Indian Intermarriage in Seventeenth-Century Virginia," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 95 (April 1987): 157-192.

James Horn, Adapting to a New World:  English Society in the Seventeenty-Century Chesapeake

Week 4 Open

Week 5: Colonial America (Discussion spark:

16 Feb: Colonial society; eighteenth-century race and slavery; class differences; women and their economy

Core Reading:

Moloho and Wood, Imagined Histories, ch. 7

Kammen, People of Paradox, Part 2

Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Book 3

George Fredrickson, "Colonialism and Racism in the United States and South Africa in Comparative Perspective"

Supplementary:

Ira Berlin, "Time, Space, and the Evolution of Afro-American Society on British Mainland North America," AHR 85:1 (February 1980), 44-78.

Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia

Fisher, "The South of England to Virginia," Albion's Seed, 207-419

Philip Greven, Four Generations

Joan Gunderson, "The Double Bonds of Race and Sex," Journal of Southern History 50 (August 1986).

Anya Jabour, "'No Fetters But Such as Love Shall Forge': Elizabeth and William Wirt and Marriage in the Early Republic," VMHB 104:2 (Spring 1996)

Cynthia A. Kierner, "Genteel Balls and Republican Parades: Gender and Early Southern Civic Rituals, 1677-1826," VMHB 104:2 (Spring 1996)

Gloria Main, "Widows in Rural Massachusetts on the Eve of the American Revolution," in Ronald Hoffman and Peter Albert, eds., Women in the Age of the American Revolution

Edmund S. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia

Philip D. Morgan, "Three Planters and their Slaves: Perspectives on Slavery in Virginia, South Carolina, and Jamaica, 1750-1790," in Winthrop D. Jordan and Sheila Skemp, eds., Race and Family in the Colonial South

Mary Beth Norton, "The Evolution of White Woman's Experience," AHR 89 (1984), 593-619.

Stuart B. Schwartz, "Patterns of Slaveholding in the Americas: New Evidence from Brazil," AHR 87:1 (February 1982)

Carole Shammas, "Early American Women and Control Over Capital," in Hoffman and Albert, eds., Women in the Age of the American Revolution.

Mechal Sobel, The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia

Linda Sturtz, "The Ladies and the Lottery: Elite Women's Gambling in Eighteenth-Century Virginia, VMHB 104:2 (Spring 1996)

Lisa Wilson, Life After Death: Widows in Pennsylvania, 1750-1850.

23 Feb: Gender and the Revolution; race and slavery and the Revolution; class interpretation of the Revolution

Core Reading:

Linda Kerber, Women of the Republic.

Hartz, Part Two

Moloho and Wood, Imagined Histories, ch. 2

Supplementary:

Gordon Wood, The American Revolution: A History

Charles Beard, Economic Interpretation of the Constitution (class interpretation)

David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution

DePauw, Linda Grant DePauw, "Women in Combat: The Revolutionary War Experience," Armed Forces and Society 7: 209-226.

David Grimsted, "Anglo-American Racism and Phillis Wheatley's Sable Veil," in Women in the Age of the American Revolution, eds. Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert.

Winthrop Jordon, White Over Black.

Jacqueline Jones, "Race, Sex, and Self-Evident Truths: The Status of Slave Women During the Era of the American Revolution,"Women in the Age of the American Revolution, eds. Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert.

Mary Beth Norton, Liberty's Daughters

Willie Lee Rose, Slavery and Freedom

Jackson Turner Main, The Social Structure of Revolutionary America (1965) (class interpretation)

Carroll Smith-Rosenberg, "Dis-Covering the Subject," Journal of American History 79 (1992).

Laurel Ulrich, A Midwife's Tale (and for comparison to the 17th century, Ulrich, Good Wives)

Laurel Ulrich, "Daughters of Liberty," in Women in the Age of the American Revolution, eds. Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert.

2 Mar: 19th century reform; suffrage; abolitionism; temperance; slave society and reform; reform ideology; religion

Core Reading:

Genovese, Political Economy of Slavery

Fredrickson, "Antiracism: Three Abolitionists--William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Lydia Maria Child," in Fredrickson, The Arrogance of Race

Hartz, Part Three

Supplementary:

Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood

Lacy Ford, Origins of a Southern Radicalism: The South Carolina Upcountry, 1800-1860

Jean Friedman, The Enclosed Garden: Women and Community in the Evangelical South, 1830-1900

Joseph R. Gusfield, Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement

James Horton, "Freedom's Yoke: Gender Conventions Among Free Blacks," in Horton, ed., Free People of Color

C. C. Pearson and J. Edwin Henricks, Liquor and Antiliquor in Virginia

Suzanne Lebsock, The Free Women of Petersburg

Nell Painter, "Representing Truth," JAH (September 1994)

Gerda Lerner, The Grimké Sisters

Seymour Martin Lipset, "Radicalism or Reformism: The Sources of Working-Class Politics," American Political Science Review 77 (1983): 1-18.

Theda Perdue, "Southern Indians and the Cult of True Womanhood," in Walter J. Fraser et al., eds., The Web of Southern Social Relations

Theda Perdue, "Women, Men, and American Indian Policy," in Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators

Jon Butler, Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People

Mary Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class

David J. Rothman, Discovery of the Asylum

Paul E. Johnson, A Shopkeeper's Millennium

6 - 14 March Spring Break

16 Mar: White Society in the Old South: "Plain folk;" class and race in slave society; the "Owsley thesis;" religion and class; the metaphor of family in slave society; "Herrenvolk democracy;" Yeoman culture

Core Reading:
Betram Wyatt-Brown, Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South

Moloho and Wood, Imagined Histories, ch. 5

Frederickson, "Aristocracy and Democracy in the Southern Tradition: A Perennial Debate Among Historians," and

__________, "The Challenge of Marxism: The Genoveses on Slavery and Merchant Capital," both in Fredrickson, The Arrogance of Race

Hartz, Part Four

Supplementary readings:

Carville Earle and Ronald Hoffman, "The Foundation of the Modern Economy: Agriculture and the Costs of Labor in the United States and England, 1800-1860,", 1055-1094; and Forrrest McDonald and Grady McWhiney, "The South from Self-Sufficiency to Peonage: An Interpretation," 1095-1118; and Edward Pessen, "How Different from Each Other Were the Antebellum North and South, 1119-1149; and AHR Forum with comments by Thomas B. Alexander, Stanley L. Engerman, Forrest McDonald, Grady McWhinney, and Edward Pessen, 1150-1166, all in AHR 85:5 (December 1980).

Orville Vernon Burton and Robert McMath, Class, Conflict, and Consensus: Antebellum Southern Community Studies

Bradley G. Bond, Political Culture in the Nineteenth-Century South: Mississippi 1830-1900 (See my review in Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 27:4, Spring 1997, 717-18)

Dickson D. Bruce, Jr., And They All Sang Hallelujah: Plain-Folk Camp-Meeting Religion, 1800-1845

Victoria Bynum, Unruly Women: The Politics of Social and Sexual Control in the Old South

Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, and Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War

Elizabeth Fox-Genovese and Eugene D. Genovese, Fruits of Merchant Capital: Slavery and Bourgeois Property in the Rise and Expansion of Capitalism

Lacy K. Ford, Origins of Southern Radicalism: The South Carolina Upcountry 1800-1860

Jean Friedman, The Enclosed Garden: Women and Community in the Evangelical South, 1830-1900, xi-65

Elliot Gorn, "'Gouge and Bite,Pull Hair and Scratch'" The Social Significance of Fighting in the Southern Backcountry," AHR 90:1 (February 1985), 18-43

Kenneth Greenberg, "The Nose, the Lie, and the Duel," AHR 95 (February 1990)

George Fredrickson, The Black Image in the White Mind

Fabian Linden, "Economic Democracy in the Slave South: An Appraisal of Some Recent Views, Journal of Negro History 32 (April 1946)

Stephanie McCurry, "Two Faces of Republicanism: Gender and Proslavery Politics," JAH 78:4 (March 1992)

Stephanie McCurry, Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations, and the Political Culture of the Antebellum South Carolina Low Country

Frank Lawrence Owsley, Plain Folk of the Old South

Frank L. Owsley and Harriet C. Owsley, "The Economic Basis of Society in the Late Ante-Bellum South, Journal of Southern History 6:(February 1940)

J. Mills Thornton, Politics and Power in a Slave Society: Alabama 1800-1860

Donald L. Winters, "'Plain Folk' of the Old South Reexamined: Economic Democracy in Tennessee, Journal of Southern History 53: 4 (November 1987)

William J. Harris, Plain Folk and Gentry in a Slave Society: White Liberty and Black Slavery in Augusta's Hinterlands

Walter J. Fraser and Winfred B. Moore, The Southern Enigma: Essays on Race, Class, and Folk Culture

James Oakes, The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders

Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

Week 9: Slavery (Discussion spark:

23 Mar: The Slave and Free-Black South: race and gender on the plantation; the historiography of slavery

Core Reading:

Fredrickson, "The Historiography of Slavery: Stanley Elkins to Herbert Gutman," in Fredrickson, The Arrogance of Race

And 2 from the Supplementary list.

Supplementary:

Ira Berlin, Generations of Captivity

John Blassingame, The Slave Community

Catherine Clinton, The Plantation Mistress: Woman's World in the Old South

Catherine Clinton, "Caught in the Web of the Big House," in Walter Fraser, et.al., eds., The Web of Southern Social Relations

Wayne Durrill, "Slavery, Kinship and Dominance: The Black Community at Somerset Place Plantation, 1786-1860

Richard S. Dunn, "A Tale of Two Plantations: Slave Life at Mesopotamia in Jamaica and Mount Airy in Virginia, 1799 to 1828," WMQ 34:1 (January 1977), 32-65

Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Within the Plantation Household

Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, "Family and Female Identity in the Antebellum South: Sarah Gayle and Her Family," in Carol Bleser, In Joy and In Sorrow

Eugene D. Genovese, Roll, Jordon, Roll

Peter Kolchin, Unfree Labor: American Slavery and Russian Serfdom

Peter Kolchin, "Reevaluating the Antebellum Slave Community: A Comparative Perspective," JAH 70: 3 (December 1983), 579-601

Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, "African-American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race," Signs 17 (Winter 1992), 251-274

Jacquelyn Jones, Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow

Anthony S. Parent and Susan Brown Wallace, "Childhood and Sexual Identity under Slavery," Journal of the History of Sexuality 3 (1993)

Stuart B. Schwartz, "Patterns of Slaveholding in the Americas: New Evidence from Brazil," AHR 87:1 (February 1982)

Brenda Stevenson, "Distress and Discord in Virginia Slave Families," in Carol Bleser, ed., In Joy and In Sorrow

Deborah Gray White, Ar'n't I A Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South

Deborah White, "Female Slaves," Journal of Family History

Betram Wyatt-Brown, "The Mask of Obedience," AHR (December 1988)

Week 10:  Northern Identity (Discussion spark:

30 Mar: The Free Labor North, Part I: Transition to industrial society; social mobility and class; the western frontier: gender and class

Core Reading:

Moloho and Wood, Imagined Histories, chs. 4 & 6

Hartz, Part Five, VIII

Choose 1 from the Supplementary list

Supplementary reading:

Alfred D. Chandler, The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business

Merle Curti, The Making of An American Community: A Case Study of Democracy in a Frontier County

H.J. Habbakuk, American and British Technology in the Nineteenth Century

Louis Hartz, Economic Policy and Democratic Thought: Pennsylvania 1776-1860

Michael Holt, Forging a Majority: The Formation of the Republican Party in Pittsburgh, 1848-1860, esp Chapter 3

John Mack Faragher, Women and Men on the Overland Trail

________________, and Christine Stansell, "Women and Their Families on the Overland Trail to California and Oregon, 1842-1867," Feminist Studies, 2 (1975), 150-66

Leon Litwack, North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860

W.W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto

Stephan Thernstrom, Poverty and Progress: Social Mobility in a Nineteenth-Century City

Werner Sombart, Why There is No Socialism in the United States?

Douglass North, The Economic Growth of the United States, 1790-1860

Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

John D. Unruh, Jr., The Plains Across:  The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-1860

Julie Roy Jeffrey, Frontier Women: The Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-1880

Week 11 Open

6 Apr

Week 12: Northern Identity, Part II (Discussion Spark:

13 Apr : The free labor North, Part II: working class America: class identity; working class formation; Americanism and ethnic impact on class; social mobility and class

Core Reading:

Gutman, Power and Culture

De Tocqueville, review of his treatment of class

Supplementary:

Aristide R. Zolberg, "How Many Exceptionalisms?," in Working-Class Formation: Nineteenth Century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States, ed. Ira Katznelson and Zolberg

David Montgomery, "Gutman's Nineteenth-Century Ameica," Labor History, 19(1978), 416-29

Val R. Lorwin, "Working-class Politics and Economic Development in Western Europe," American Historical Review 58 (1958): 338-51.

Charles, Louise, and Richard Tilly, The Rebellious Century

Edward Shorter and Charles Tilly, Strikes in France, 1830-1968

Gerald Rosenblum, Immigrant Workers: Their Impact on American Labor Radicalism

Jurgen Kuczynski, The Rise of the Working Class

E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class

The following four books are important theoretical perspectives:

Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures

Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System

Karl Polyanyi, The Great Transformation

Pierre Van den Berghe, Race and Racism: A Comparative Perspective

Sean Wilentz, Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1790-1850

Bruce Laurie, Theodore Hershberg , and George Alter, "Immigrants and Industry: The Philadelphia Experience, 1850-1880," Journal of Social History, 9:2(1975), 219-67

Oscar Handlin, Boston's Immigrants, 1790-1880

Maldwyn A. Jones, American Immigration

David Montgomery, Beyond Equality: Labor and the Radical Republicans, 1862-1872

Sam Bass Warner, Jr. The Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods of Its Growth

Adam Przeworski and Michael Wallerstein, "The Structure of Class Conflict in Democratic Capitalist Societies," American Political Science Review 76 (1982)

Alan Dawley, Class and Community: The Industrial Revolution in Lynn

Alan Dawley and Paul Faler, "Working Class Culture and Politics in the Industrial Revolution: Sources of Loyalism and Rebellion," Journal of Social History, 9:4(1976): 466-80

David Montgomery, "The Working Classes of the Preindustrial American City, 1780-1830," Labor History 9(1968), 3-22

Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Revolution, 1789-1848

20 Apr : Civil War: race, class, gender; homefront and battlefront; labor conflict and the war

Core Reading: Chose two of the following:

Eric Arneson, Waterfront Workers of New Orleans: Race, Class, and Politics, 1863-1923

Iver Bernstein, New York City Draft Riots: Their Significance for American Society and Politics in the Age of Civil War

Steven A. Channing, Crisis of Fear: Secession in South Carolina

Catherine Clinton and Nina Silber, Divided Houses: Gender and the Civil War

Carol Bleser and Frederick Heath, "The Clays of Alabama: The Impact of the Civil War on a Southern Marriage," in Bleser, In Joy and In Sorrow

Wayne K. Durrill, War of Another Kind: A Southern Community in the Great Rebellion

Paul D. Escott, Many Excellent People: Power and Privilege in North Carolina, 1850-1900

Robert C. Kenzer, Kinship and Neighborhood in a Southern Community: Orange County, North Carolina, 1849-1881

Reid Mitchell, The Vacant Chair: The Northern Soldier Leaves Home

David Montgomery, Beyond Equality: Labor and the Radical Republicans

Barrington Moore, "The American Civil War: The Last Capitalist Revolution," in Moore, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy

T. Lloyd Benson, "The Plain Folk of Orange: Land, Work, and Society on the Eve of the Civil War," in Ayers, The Edge of the South: Life in Nineteenth Century Virginia

Kevin Conley Ruffner, "Civil War Desertion from a Black Belt Regiment: An Examination of the 44th Virginia Infantry," in Ayers, The Edge of the South

Maris Vinovskis, Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays

Drew Gilpin Faust, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South

Drew Gilpin Faust, "Altars of Sacrifice: Confederate Women and the Narratives of War," Journal of American History 76: 4 (1990)

George C. Rable. Civil Wars: Women and the Crisis of Southern Nationalism

Daniel Sutherland, Seasons of War: The Ordeal of a Confederate Community, 1861-1865

Steven Elliott Tripp, Yankee Town, Southern City: Race and Class Relations in Civil War Lynchburg

Philip Shaw Paludan, "A People's Contest": The Union and the Civil War, 1861-1865

Victor Jacque Voegeli, Free But Not Equal: The Midwest and the Negro During the Civil
War

Week 14 The New America (Discussion spark:

27 Apr : Aftermath of civil war in comparative perspective; race and freedom; continuities and discontinuities; emancipation's meaning

Core Reading:

Fredrickson, "The Travail of a Radical Republican: Albion W. Tourgée and Reconstruction," and "White Responses to Emancipation: The American South in Comparative Perspective," both in Fredrickson, The Arrogance of Race

And one from the supplementary list

Supplementary:

Alan H. Adamson, "The Reconstruction of Plantation Labor after Emancipation: The Case of British Guiana," in Race and Slavery in the western Hemisphere: Quantitative Studies, ed. Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese

Alan H. Adamson, Sugar Without Slaves: The Political Economy of British Guiana, 1838-1904

O. Nigel Boland, "Systems of Domination After Slavery: The Control of Land and Labor in the British West Indies After 1838," Comparative Studies in Society and History, 23 (October 1981)

Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877

Eugene D. Genovese, From Rebellion to Revolution

Thomas C. Holt, "'An Empire Over the Mind': Emancipation, Race, and Ideology in the British West Indies and the American South," in Race, Region, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward, ed. J. Morgan Kousser and James B. McPherson

Orville Vernon Burton, "Race and Reconstruction: Edgefield County, South Carolina," Journal of Social History, 12:1 (1978)

Orville Vernon Burton, "The Effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction on the Coming of Age of Southern Males, Edgefield County, South Carolina," In The Web of Southern Relations: Women, Family and Education, edited by Walter J. Fraser, Jr., R. Frank Saunders, Jr., and Jon L. Wakelyn

Greg L. Michel, "From Slavery to Freedom: Hickory Hill, 1850-1880, in Ayers, The Edge of the South

Steven Hahn and Jonathan Prude, The Countryside in the Age of Capitalist Transformation: Essays in the Social History of Rural America

Lawrence L. Hartzell, "The Exploration of Freedom in Black Petersburg, Virginia, 1865-1902, in Ayers, The Edge of the South

Leon Litwack, Been in the Storm So Long: The Afermath of Slavery

A. J. G. Knox, "Opportunities and Opposition: The Rise of Jamaica's Black Peasantry and the Nature of Planter Resistance,"Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 14 (November 1977

Sidney Mintz, "Slavery and the Rise of Peasantries," Historical Reflections 6 (Summer 1979)

Sidney Mintz, Caribbean Transformations

Roger L. Ransom and Richard Sutch, One Kind of Freedom: The Economic Consequences of Emancipation

Willie Lee Rose, Rehearsal for Reconstruction

Crandall A. Shifflett, Patronage and Poverty in the Tobacco South: Louisa County, Virginia, 1860-1900

Charles van Onselen, The Life of Kas Maine, a South African Sharecropper, 1894-1985 (should be read together with Rosengarten)

Theodore Rosengarten, All God's Dangers

Michael Wayne, The Reshaping of Plantation Society: The Natchez District, 1860-1880

Jonathan M. Wiener, Social Origins of the New South: Alabama, 1860-1885

Harold Wolpe, "Capitalism and Cheap Labor Power in South Africa: From Segregation to Apartheid," Economy and Society 1 (November 1972)

Week 15 Open

4 May