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Index Volume/issue/page/column/date
July
August
August 4, 1846 RWv23i62p1c2 General Article
Information about the arrival of U.S. forces into the interior of Mexico.
August 4, 1846 RWv23i62p1c6 Later from the Army
Article detailing the U.S. victory and occupation of Camargo.
August 4, 1846 RWv23i62p2c3 Trial of Gen. Gaines
Information concerning the court martial of General Gaines.
August 4, 1846 RWv23i62p2c4 Congress
Information on the Oregon issue being discussed in Congress.
August 4, 1846 RWv23i62p2c6 Capt. Thornton’s Defence
Trial proceedings on the court martial of Capt. Thornton.
August 4, 1846 RWv23i62p2c6 Marine Intelligence
Information on the arrivals and departures of vessels at the Richmond port.
August 4, 1846 RWv23i62p3c1 Naval Resignation
Information on the resignation of Com. W.B. Shubrick from the Navy
August 4, 1846 RWv23i62p4c3 A War of Conquest
Article pertaining to a letter of opposition to the war with Mexico.
August 4, 1846 RWv23i62p4c3 Late from Mexico
Information on the latest military events in Mexico
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p1c2 More Volunteers Required
Article informing readers of the need of more volunteers for the war with Mexico.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p2c1 Foreign Intelligence
Information from newspapers from Europe pertaining to information gleaned about events in Mexico.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p2c3 Marine Intelligence
Information on the arrivals and departures of ships from the Richmond port.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p2c6 Gen. Gaines
Information on the court martial of General Gaines.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p3c1 Important rumors
Article containing rumors of talks of peace in ending the conflict with Mexico.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p4c1 Yellow Fever
Article describing the spread of Yellow Fever through the U.S. camps.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p4c1 Gen. Taylor
Information on a gift to the newspaper from General Zachary Taylor.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p4c2 Troops for Chihuahua
Information on the disbursement of troops to Mexico.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p4c2 General Article
Article describing a Mexican newspaper article concerning their right to wage combat against the U.S.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p4c4 From the Army
Information on military events in Mexico.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p4c6 Two Days Later From Mexico
Information arriving on affairs in Mexico.
August 7, 1846 RWv23i63p4c6 Correspondence
Information from the N. Orleans Bee about officer affairs and military engagements.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p1c1 The Oregon Treaty
Information on the ratification of the Oregon Treaty with Great Britain.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p1c2 The Rumors of Peace
Article concerning more rumors of peace talks with Mexico.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p1c5 From Brazos Santiago
Letter detailing information about events occurring near Brazos Santiago.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p1c1 The Campaign
News of a letter from Gen. Taylor about the movement of troops toward Mexico City.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p1c2 Louisiana Volunteers
Information on the bravery of the volunteers from Louisiana.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p1c6 A sample of the war expense
Article concerning the expense of the war effort.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p2c1 Mexico and the United States
Information of the current state of affairs between the United States and Mexico.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p2c5 Later From Texas
Article concerning events occurring within the new state of Texas.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p2c6 Marine Intelligence
Information on the arrivals and departures of ships at the Richmond port.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p3c2 Very Late from Sante Fe
Information of Kearney’s walk to the Pacific and the progress made therein.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p4c4 Correspondence
More rumors on peace proposals with Mexico.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p4c5 Oregon Again
Section concerning the approval of Oregon and the treaty with Great Britain.
August 11, 1846 RWv23i64p4c6 Gen. Taylor
Information concerning events surrounding General Taylor.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p1c2 The Two Million Bill
Article pertaining to appropriations for the war with Mexico.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p1c2 Captain May
Information on the military service of Captain May to the United States.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p1c2 The New Orleans Delta
Information on an attack of Mobile volunteers on a barracks.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p1c2 Army Movements
Segment containing information on military movements.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p2c2 Mission to Mexico
Information concerning more rumors for peace with Mexico.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p2c2 Interesting Letter
Letter written detailing the march to Mexico City and opposition to the war.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p2c3 Correspondence
Article concerning the military affairs in Matamoras.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p2c5 Later from the Rio Grande
Information about troop movements and military developments along the Rio Grande.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p2c6 Marine Intelligence
Information on the arrivals and departures of vessels into and out of the port of Richmond.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p3c1 Mexico and the United States
The latest reports on affairs between the United States and Mexico.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p4c1 The Two Million Bill
Report made about the appropriation of funds for the conductance of a military campaign against Mexico.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p4c3 The Oregon Treaty
Information on the progress of acceptance of the Oregon Treaty.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p4c3 Santa Fe Expedition
Report detailing progress of the sweep to the Pacific.
August 14, 1846 RWv23i65p4c5 Correspondence
Information concerning General Gaines and the controversy surrounding him.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p1c3 Gen. Gaine’s Defence
Article detailing the defense of General Gaines during his court martial proceedings.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p1c1 The Mexican War
Information describing political maneuvering concerning the Mexican War.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p1c4 Defence
More information on the defense of General Gaines.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p1c6 The California Volunteers
Article describing the court martial pertaining to the uprising of volunteers.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p1c6 Correspondence
Information from the Baltimore Sun detailing instructions to Gen. Taylor about full conductance of the war
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p2c2 The Two Million Bill
Article relating to the fund allocation for negotiation with Mexico.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p2c2 A Spy in Mexico
Information on an American spy who is relaying information on Mexican military and political movements.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p2c3 Defence of Gen. Gaines
Update on the court martial of General Gaines.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p2c5 From the Army
Information on events taking place in Camargo
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p3c3 Important if true
Announcement of supposed California independence
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p4c1 Mexico and The U. States
Article describing the current political situation between both countries.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p4c3 The United States and Mexico
Information on correspondences between James Buchanan and the army.
August 18, 1846 RWv23i66p4c1 The Volunteers
Article describing a situation with the Louisiana and Arkansas volunteer regiments
August 21, 1846 RWv23i67p1c1 Independence and Annexation of Canada
Information considering U.S. hegemony on the continent
August 21, 1846 RWv23i67p1c3 Interesting Letter
Article concerning support for the war in Mexico.
August 21, 1846 RWv23i67p1c6 The Yucatan Exposition Retarded
Information on the progress of the war in NW Mexico
August 21, 1846 RWv23i67p2c2 Col Churchill
Information on military personnel being relocated to Mexico for military support
August 21, 1846 RWv23i67p2c6 West Point
Information on efforts to get the Engineer Corps ready to enter in action in Mexico
August 21, 1846 RWv23i67p2c6 Marine Intelligence
Information on the arrivals and departure of ships in and out of the Richmond port
August 21, 1846 RWv23i67p3c1 Caledonia
Article relaying information on efforts to end the conflict with Mexico
August 21, 1846 RWv23i67p3c5 Letter from the Army
Military information from the front lines in Camargo
August 25, 1846 RWv23i68p1c2 The California Expedition
Article relating information on the sailing of ships to California for military purposes
August 25, 1846 RWv23i68p1c6 From Mexico
Current events reported out of Mexico
August 25, 1846 RWv23i68p1c7 Later from the Rio Grande
Article relaying military activity from the front lines of Mexico
August 25, 1846 RWv23i68p3c3 Latest from Mexico-The Resolution-Prospect of the War. &c.
Information on the prospects of all out war with Mexico without peace proposals
August 25, 1846 RWv23i68p3c1 Last Evenings Mail
Information of the progress of political events in Mexico
August 25, 1846 RWv23i68p4c1 Mr. Benton on Oregon
Article relating feelings in the Senate on the issue of Oregon
August 28, 1846 RWv23i69p1c6 Gen. Gaines
Information on the progress of the court martial against General Gaines
August 28, 1846 RWv23i69p1c7 News from Santa Fe
Article explaining the progress of Kearney and his approach to the Pacific
August 28, 1846 RWv23i69p1c6 The Mexican War
Editorial on the issue of the Mexican was
August 28, 1846 RWv23i69p2c3 A Fracas in the Camp of the Volunteers
Article describing disunity in the ranks of the volunteers in Mexico
August 28, 1846 RWv23i69p2c6 Marine Intelligence
Information on the arrivals and departures of vessels into and out of the Richmond port
August 28, 1846 August 28, 1846 RWv23i69p3c1 Last Evenings Mail
Information on the state of the new state of Texas
August 28, 1846 RWv23i69p4c2 From the Army
Latest news from the army
August 28, 1846 RWv23i69p4c5 Important from Mexico
Information on current affairs inside Mexico
September
RWv23i70p1c1, September 1, 1846: Mexican Documents
Extracts from letters-instructions of Gen. Tornel Minister of War in Mexico to Gen. Arista; the other from President Paredes to Gen. Arista
RWv23i70p1c2, September 1, 1846: Santa Anna
Comments about Santa Anna's return to Mexico
RWv23i70p1c2, September 1, 1846: Sale of Public Lands
Sale of lands in Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi and Florida to pay for the war with Mexico
RWv23i70p1c2, September 1, 1846
New York Morning news reported that it is believed that Mexico has offered peace terms which cannot be rejected by the US; offered to defray the cost of the war and to sell the US California
RWv23i70p2c1, September 1, 1846: Santa Anna and Paredes
Comments about Santa going to the city of Mexico; comments about the political situation in Mexico-after the revolt against Paredes; comments on what Santa Anna will find when he reaches Mexico City
RWv23i70p2c3, September 1, 1846: Late from Santa Fe
Comments on Gen. Kearney-what he will fin don his arrival to Santa Fe business dull in New Mexico; government wagons and traders are headed west; no serious opposition to the entrance of Gen. Wool's command at Chihuahua
RWv23i70p2c4, September 1, 1846: Arrival of the Steamship McKim-Later from the Army of Occupation
Comments about troop movement to and around Matamoras; a captain W. L. Ball began for Burita four or five days ago and has not been heard from since; much sickness at Burita and Brazos Islands; no sickness in Matamoras even though conditions are bad; rumors of where the enemy is regarding Matamoras; there are have been many spies and traitors among the population at Matamoras; comments about the army on the frontier-where they are, where they are going, and who they are; report that Maj. Gen. Butler lying ill at Point Isabel; potato disease prevalent in Texas; excessive rains on the coast-cotton prospects gloomy
RWv23i70p2c4, September 1, 1846: Havana---Departure of Santa Anna for Mexico
British steamship Arab, left Havana for the Yucatan with Santa Anna and his lady and family on board; war steamers, Montezuma and Guadaloupe have been purchased by the Governor General and now form a portion of the Spanish fleet; rumors about the British Ministry's actions regarding the duties on sugar have caused anxiety in the Cuban planters
RWv23i70p2c5, September 1, 1846: Most Important News from Mexico
Arrival fo the British Ship-of-war Electra; overthrow and imprisonment of General Paredes; Mexico in favor of Santa Anna; Santa Anna arrives at Vera Cruz; annexation of California to the US
RWv23i70p4c3, September 1, 1846
Texas proposes a division of the state into two commonwealths, the Brazos being the boundary between the two
RWv23i70p4c4, September 1, 1846
St. Louis Republican says that Cap. Koscialowski has raised a company of volunteers for the war; comments about the captain-history, qualifications, character etc.
RWv23i70p4c4, September 1, 1846
Cabinet Council has considered the recent news from Mexico and has decided that Santa Anna's arrival is favorable for peace; comments about an agreement or understanding between Santa Anna and Paredes about who will have power
RWv23i71p1c2, September 4, 1846:
Report that after the revolution began in Mexico City a new cabinet was formed consisting of Jose Jonaquin Pesado, Antonio Garay, Ignacio Moro y Villamill; all are said to be in favor of peace with the US and of calling a new Congress
RWv23i71p1c2, September 4, 1846: U.S. Troops-New Orders
Four companies, D, E, F, and K and the 2nd regiment have orders to proceed to the seat of war and are epxected to depart eary this week; five companies belonging to the same regiment have similar orders
RWv23i71p1c4, September 4, 1846: Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun
The government has no idea of suspending hostilities against Mexico
RWv23i71p1c5, September 4, 1846: the California Volunteers and Col. Stevenson
Seems to be a great deal of opposition to Col. Jona D. Stevenson, commander of the regiment of California volunteers; creditors commenced proceedings against him for the purpose of preventing his departure from the country; public meeting has been held due to an alleged grievance brought by the volunteer corps on Governor's Island
RWv23i71p1c5, September 4, 1846: A Mexican Wedding
Description of a wedding at Camargo
RWv23i71p2c2, September 4, 1846: Gen. Taylor and LL.D.
Since the battles of the 8th and 9th of May, Taylor has had the letters LL.D. attached to his name by one of the Southern Colleges; not known if Taylor does have education in the law, which would give him this honor, nor does his victories at the Rio Grande give him the qualifications for it; Taylor did admit the legality of the blockade to the Mexican commander in a letter-maybe that is why he has the LL.D. attached
RWv23i71p2c2, September 4, 1846: Texas
Comments about Texas being divided into two commonwealths; comments about how that would be two much power for the population of Texas to gain
RWv23i71p2c4, September 4, 1846
Humboldtgives some amusing words heard in conversations of native Mexicans-gives the name of a iss
RWv23i71p3c1, September 4, 1846: Gen. Gaines in Command of Eastern Divions
Gen. Gaines has been given the command of the eastern division placing his headquarters in NY; comments made by the Gaines about the investigation that had just occurred
RWv23i71p3c1, September 4, 1846: Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun
Gaines ahs returned to the city
RWv23i71p3c1, September 4, 1846: California
Commodore Sloat has taken possession of Monterey on the 6th of July; on July 9th Commander Jno. B. Montgomery summoned the commandant of the Yerba Buena to surrender; detachment from Col. Fremont's force took possession of a frontier post called Sanoma- Gen. Castro attempted to dislodge them but with no success; on the 15th of June meeting held in Santa Barbara headed by Governor Pico to declare California an independent state- Gen. Castro declared martial law
RWv23i71p4c1, September 4, 1846: The Mexican Revolution
Peace does not depend on Santa Anna but on the opinion of the population; Polk has been anxious to hear of the overthrow of Paredes; comments about why Paredes was thrown out of power-what the people did not like about him;
RWv23i71p4c2, September 4, 1846: General Worth
Second in command in Taylor's army; comments about Worth-his character and how good of a military leader he is; Worth resigned his position-Twiggs was promoted but Worth not
RWv23i71p4c2, September 4, 1846
A letter from Mexico's condemns Taylor's advancing while revolutions are going on within Mexico (i.e. Mexico City); sen as a disgraceful move on his part; Paredes taken prisoner
RWv23i71p4c3, September 4, 1846: Latest from the Army
Comments about the city of China in Mexico-how big, the taking of the city; Taylor arrived last evening in Camargo; talk of immediate movement towards Monterey; comments on troop numbers; comments about a parade of the troops; Worth drilling his men constantly; McCulloch's Rangers are to be disbanded tomorrow their service time up; steps towards Monterey are to be taken; city of Guerrero is in favor of US government; arrival of the remainder of the Texas infantry; Worth's Brigade marching into the interior; General Burleson and several other Texan gentlemen of distinction have arrived in Camargo
RWv23i71p4c3, September 4, 1846: The Mexican Revolution
Jounral with details of the progress and ultimate success of the Mexican revolution in favor of Santa Anna-gives a day by day description from Vera Cruz to the 15th and from the Capital to the 18th ; quote from the Republicano about Santa Anna's arrival
RWv23i71p4c4, September 4,1846: The Alvarado Abortion
Comments about the failure of the US navy squadron outside of Alvarado-description of the events
RWv23i72p1c1,September8, 1846
US has captured Matamoras; Taylor now marches to Monterey; waiting to see the population's response to the restoration of Santa Anna
RWv23i72p1c2, September 8, 1846: Expedition of Emigrants to Texas
Great effort is being made in NY by some extensive holders of Texas land to bring Texas into direct communication with NYC; they are preparing an expedition to Matagorda
RWv23i72p1c2, September 8, 1846: From Texas
Comments about the cotton crop in Texas-unfavorable; time of another congressional election in Texas
RWv23i72p1c3, September 8, 1846: Six Days Later from the Army
Worth has left for Camargo; Texan regiment arrived in San Fernando; Cap. Godfrey Pope has been shot by asentienal-rumor proved untrue; sickness among troops at Burita and Brazos Island; Matamoras now quiet because of the prohibition placed on the city; Rough and Ready steamboat reached Matamoras
RWv23i72p1c3, September 8, 1846: Editorial Correspondence
Comments about the ongoings in Mexico-Capt. Duncan's Rangers on reconnaissance; Capt. McCulloch shot a Mexico; Duncan put is men at different points around Punta Aguda after hearing that a Mexican officer named Ramirez was inside; was going to take all prisoners-some tried to escape and where shot; Gen. Persifer Smith has taken command of the 2nd brigade
RWv23i72p1c3, September 8, 1846: Special Correspondence of the Picayune
Comments about the volunteers, army expected movement; number of the enemy; Mexican named Savriego raised four or five hundred men in China and started off after McCulloch; Texas infantry are to be disbanded; comments about the conditions of Monterey-should Taylor go now? ; 2nd regiment of Texan mounted men arrived, and a regiment of Ohio volunteers; army will probably move on Monterey by two separate routes; camp women will be sent by to Matamoras
RWv23i72p1c4, September 8, 1846: Later from the Yucatan
Comments that there was an outbreak a few days ago at Valladolid; popular cry of the sedition was "Down with Taxes"; gained position but retreated after learning of the approach of Col. Gambos; retreated to Tixhualactum and have been called upon to surrender
RWv23i72p2c2, September 8, 1846: From the Army
Worth took up march to Monterey; 15,000 Mexicans are reported to be concentrated at Monterey;
RWv23i72p2c3, September 8, 1846: Colonel Payne
Recovering from a wound he received at the Battle of Resaca de la Palma
RWv23i72p2c3, September 8, 1846: Note from Gen. Gaines
Comments about Gaines taking command of the Eastern Division; accepts command and wants to establish his headquarters in NYC
RWv23i27p4c5, September8,1846: Mexican Version of the Attack Upon Alvarado
Description from the Mexican point of view about the attack that was attempted by the US navy against Alvarado
RWv23i73p1c2, September 11, 1846
Quartermaster's Department in New Orleans is without funds
RWv23i73p1c2, September 11, 1846
Rumor of the capture of Santa Fe by Kearney without firing a gun cannot be true
RWv23i73p1c2, September 11, 1846: A Short-Hand View
Mr. Toombs letter from Georgia-accepts his nomination as Whig candidate for re-election and makes comments about Polk and the war-against the war with Mexico
RWv23i73p1c5, September 11, 1846: Very Late from Santa Fe
When Mr. C. left Santa Fe no word from Kearney; sent by two officers information to Kearney; Indians in Santa Fe offering their services to Gen. Armijo
RWv23i73p2c2, September 11, 1846
Statement of the NY Tribune's Havana ocresspondent that peace terms have been agreed upon between the US and Mexico between the British and American government with Santa Anna-contradictory to the Washington Union; story seen as incredible
RWv23i73p4c2, September 11, 1846
Cannot publish a letter about the Alvardo abortion without the name of the author
RWv23i73p4c2, September 11, 1846: Important Rumor
Correspondent of the NY Tribune wrtoe from Havana that peace terms with Santa Ana had been agreed upon
RWv23i74p1c1, September 15, 1846: The War!
Naval commanders may have been held in check by washington, which caused their disgraceful actions; our troops only had to cross over the Rio Grande and could have made it right into the Capital city; detachment taken to march into the interior; volunteers have harsh conditions in camps; in order to conquer Mexico our regular army must be increased; unless Polk can purchase peace with Mexico the war is believed to continue; comments about why it is believed that the Gulf and Pacific Squadrons are being held in check by Washington
RWv23i74p1c4, September 15, 1846: A Voice from the Democracy
A friend fo the administration and an intelligent correspondent in one of the Western States has begun to question the employment of volunteer companies
RWv23i74p1c4, September 15, 1846: "The Mexican War.
Because of the argument with Great Britain about Oregon, at the same time as the beginning of the war with Mexico, Polk called upon American men; comments about what Polk believed would be a sufficient amount of men for the Mexican border; comments about how many men were stationed at the border; enemy has benefited because of our volunteer army; Mexican trade worth something but needs to be secured; invasion if attempted appears to be most easy coming from Vera Cruz; pay the volunteers and send them home immediately; let Taylor establish his HQ where he wants
RWv23i74p1c5, September 15, 1846: Loss of US Brig-of-War Truxton!
Officers and crew, with the exception of two Lieutenants and nineteen men have been taken prisoners by the Mexican and marched to Tampico; the ship was wrecked
RWv23i74p1c5, September 15, 1846: Arrival of Santa Anna in Vera Cruz-Possession of California by the C.S. Naval forces-Loss of the US brig Truxton
Santa Anna arrived from Havana; U.S. brig Truxton has wrecked-description of what happened; list of officers on the Truxton who have gone to Tampico; steamer Legare arrived with despatches from Com. Conner
RWv23i74p2c1, September 15, 1846: "Those Despatches"
New Orleans Picayune announced the arrival of the Legare with despaches for Com. Conner; despatches are letters of the Secretary of State to Com. Conner and to the Mexican Minister of Foreign Affairs; letters immediately sent to Washington
RWv23i74p2c2, September 15, 1846: From the Seat of War
Newspaper giving a large space to the news about the war; inefficiency of the volunteers can be confirmed with the new reports; loss of the Truxton confirmed; quote from the Picayune about the loss of the Truxton
RWv23i74p2c4, September 15, 1846: Late new fromt eh Army of Operations on the Rio Grande
Reports from Matamoras, Camargo, Seralvo; information on Col. Hays's Rangers; explosison on board the steamboat Enterprise; flight among the Georgia Volunteers and serious loss of life on board a steamboat at Eurit; advance of the army to Monterey; list of those killed and wounded; trouble with Indians around San Antonio; Taylor has been ordered to carry out a war of Reconciliation-make friends with the citizens-comments about this order à is it right or wrong? Good or bad?; Worth going to Monterey; Mexican Congress has become more pacific in their tone towards the US
RWv23i74p2c6, September 15,1846: Editors of the Picayune
The boat Rough and Ready has left; Taylor will start next week for Monetery
RWv23i74p3c1, September 15, 1846: Latest from Gen. Kearney's Expedition
Kearny let Bent's Fort on the3rd for Santa Fe; comments about the condition of Kearney's troops; trouble with the Indians on the way to Santa Fe; Col. Russel's party has divided and he has started across the mountains; report on the conditions at Bent's Fort-Mexicans trying to fortify Santa Fe and Taos
RWv23i74p4c2, September 15, 1846: General Taylor
Two letters from General Taylor both from camargo are found in the papers; first letter comments by Taylor about a resolution adopted which gives expressive of approbation of the recent services of the Army of Occupation; second letter is response Taylor gives to information about being nominated for President
RWv23i74p4c1, September 15, 1846: the Oregon Negotiation The President and Mr. McLane
Comments about the Oregon negotiations; disagreements over the path to take; Polk appears to be double-dealing; Polk accused of being inflexible; comments about Polk and the negotiation-how he has made his opinion known
RWv23i74p4c2, September 15, 1846: Murder of an Officer
Capt. W.L. Ball who had disappeared has been found three miles from Matamoras with his throat cut and three stabs to his breast.
RWv23i74p4c3, September 15, 1846: From the Seat of War
Letter written by an Officer of the Army who has been with Taylor's command from the beginning; army has advanced to Camargo; comments on his neighbor in Mexico saying he is a fair representation of the most worthy class of Mexicans-gives a description of him; comments about the Mexican view on the boundary of Texas and the presence of US troops; Mexicans believe they will win-have higher numbers and they believe the Americans will labor once in on the interior of the country, and also the country has a strong will; they do not want annexation; comments about Gen. Arista; comments about how much in the Mexican treasury and a revolution in Jalisco; comments about the army at the Rio Grande-how many, what kind; prediction of troop movement; opinion of US troops and their condition
RWv23i75p1c1, September 18, 1846: Santa Ana
The boat taking Santa Ana to Vera Cruz was boarded by a boat from on the American ships-Santa Ana showed a passport signed by the President and he was allowed to land; doubt that Santa Ana will be able to carry out the agreement that he and Polk reached; Mexicans are getting rich by selling to the US army and therefore do not want an end to the war
RWv23i75p1c1, September 18, 1846: Significant
Washington Union commented on the latest intelligence from the war front that the only way for there to be peace is if an active war is pushed; has peace been rejected by the Mexicans?
RWv23i75p1c2, September 18, 1846:The Volunteers
NY Spiritof the Times expresses a very unfavorable opinion of US volunteer troops-troops leave when they are close to the enemy, president should discharge them after 6 months
RWv23i75p1c3, September 18, 1846: From the Army and Navy
Taylor's army will advance for Monterey by September 1 at the latest; campaign should be a success; prospects in California are cheery; reason to believe that the whole coast is occupied by our squadron; troops were being paid off some months in advance
RWv23i75p1c3, September 18, 1846: News from Mexico
Address or manifesto of Santa Ana to the Mexican people has been gained by the Navy Deparment-comments about the speech, what he talks about etc; Santa Ana left Vera Cruz for Mexico city, no report of his arrival there;General Ampudia letter speaks of Gen. Gaines march upon Monetery;
RWv23i75p1c3, September 18, 1846: From Santa Fe Army
Gen. Kearney's army arrived at Bent's Fort; comments about the march to the Fort; will continue moving tomorrow towards Santa Fe; letters arrived from Santa Fe saying that the government there has promised Americans protection; quotes from letters received
RWv23i75p1c4, September 18, 1846: Revolution in Tabasco
Garrions stationed at San Juan Bautista declared against the government of Paredes and in favor of Santa Ana; they plan to overthrown the constitution of 1824; six articles adopted-one to repudiates the Congress summoned by Paredes, Congress members should be elected by the law of 1824, assembling of the Congress within 4 months, existence of an army guaranteed, opposition to a new Congress will be crushed, and finally Santa Ana is named chief of the revolution and he should take his command as soon as he arrives; gives a quote from the document that contains the 4 adopted articles.
RWv23i75p1c6, September 18, 1846: Medical Department of the Army
List of those appointed to the Medical Staff of the Army
RWv23i75p2c2, September 18, 1846
Washington Union published a Proclamation of Santa Ana given after his arrival in Mexico City; war is barely mentioned
RWv23i7521c4, September 18, 1846: Loss of the Truxton
More information gained from two letters form the US Squadron about the loss of the brig; gives a minute by minute account of the incident
RWv23i75p2c4, September 18, 1846: Correspondence of the New Orleans Bee
Story told by a Mexican who arrived from San Fernando about the entry of the Texan regiment into San Fernando; US entered quietly
RWv23i75p3c1, September 18, 1846: Gen. Kearney's Command
Comments about the scarcity of provisions for the command of Gen. Kearney from the St. Louis Republican
RWv23i75p3c1, September 18, 1846: Official from the Camp
Despatches have been received in Washington about the movements of the army-despatches are reported to agree with information already gained from private letters; Taylor sent body of army to Camargo
RWv23i75p3c1, September 18, 1846: Naval
US sloop-of-war Preble at Brooklyn has received orders to join the squadron in the Pacific and will sail in a day or two
RWv23i75p4c3, September 18, 1846: An Army Incident
Report given by an officer of the army who was at For Brown during the siege of the Fort-gives details about the incident
RWv23i75p4c4, September 18,1846: From the NY Journal of Commerce
Information on troop movement, kind of troops (regular or volunteer)-where they will go; volunteers could serve longer; comments about their encampment-where located (Camargo), what is around etc.; Mexican Government have called out all the militia to resist
RWv23i77p1c2, September 25, 1846: The British mediation
Polk would reject the mediation of Great Britain in the Mexican affair
RWv23i77p1c2, September 25, 1846
First resolution reported to be adopted by Santa Ana was to place all the Republic in route to Monterey
RWv23i77p1c2, September 25, 1846
Taylor and Wool despatches received by the War Department confirm accounts all ready published in the New Orleans papers
RWv23i77p1c5, September 25, 1846: From the Pacific
Commodore Sloat arrived of the port of Mazatlan three days ago, he stayed one day and then went to Panama-on his way home; left Captain Stockton in command in California; Warren left in June with despatches from the Government for the commodore, supposed to have a blockade around the coast
RWv23i77p1c5, September 25, 1846: More of the Mexican War
Mexican Executive has rejected the overtures of our Government for a treaty of peace on the ground that the Executive cannot make this decision without Congress, which will not be in session until December; Mexican troops in San Louis Potosi have been ordered to march towards Monterey; doubtful if rejection of overtures has been approved by Santa Ana; comments about Santa Ana's ability to make peace
RWv23i77p2c2, September 25, 1846
Have received a number of small papers called "Rough and Ready"-published in Ohio; Taylor's name is mentioned as a prospect for nomination in the next presidential elections
RWv23i77p2c1, September 25, 1846
A letter from Vera Cruz stated that a flag of truce has been sent to Com. Conner offering to exchange Commander Carpener, and his men for Gen. Vega and the three officers taken with him; the proposition was refused
RWv23i77p2c4, September 25, 1846: The Californians Again
Details about the cause of conflict between Colonel Stevenson and his men had been learned; money was owned to each man and when it was given a bill was presented right afterwards for a bill for half of the money due each man; the men demanded that they receive more money if they were to be billed like this; men refused to pay but offered to submit the conflict to a third party, which the Colonel declined
RWv23i77p2c4, September 25, 1846: Interesting from California
Letter received from an officer aboard the Levart when Commodore Sloat took control of California; details of the conquest of the country
RWv23i77p2c4, September25, 1846:Correspondenceof the Baltimore Patriot
Mr. Bancroft's taking and departure, his first information that he was to leave the cabinet; commodore Stewarts Protest
RWv23i77p2c5, September 25, 1846: Captain Carpender
Carpender as late as August 24th was at Tuxpan with his officers and crew and in good health; details about the disaster, what he did, how the accident happened, his refusal to surrender at first but later forced to do so
RWv23i77p3c1, September 25, 1846:Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun
Mexico agreed to have England mediate the situation between itself and the US if the US withdrew its land and naval forces form the territory
RWv23i77p4c1, September 25, 1846: Trans-Atlantic Opinion
Sketch of a debate within the British House of Commons on the relations between the US and Mexico
RWv23i77p4c2, September 25, 1846: "This looks Rebellion!"
Has been quite a rebellion among the California volunteers; outbreak grew because the volunteers were being compelled to leave before receiving their pay as promised; Col. Stevenson marched two of the companies on board one of the vessels after paying them and then demanded the price of their clothes, which the volunteers refused to pay; the men eventually left and it is believed that it was a bad decision to let them leave so angry-fear of an outbreak as soon as they land
RWv23i77p4c2, September 25, 1846
What kind of pay if Brigadier General Shields getting now that he is in Mexico
RWv23i77p4c5, September 25, 1846: from the Norfolk Herald of yesterday
Report of a dangerous situation of the US brig Washington; loss of her commander and eleven of her crew
RWv23i77p4c6, September 25, 1846: General Taylor
Comments about Taylor, his camp, his men and the interactions between Taylor and his men
RWv23i77p4c6, September 25, 1846: From the Matamoras Flag
Capt. Thornton glad to hear that he has been acquitted in the court-martial of the charges, which were brought against him
October
RW46v23n80p1c1 6 October 1846 Conquest of Mexico
a brief introduction to a later article about General Kearney and his motives for
moving toward Santa Fe.
RW46v23n80p1c2 6 October 1846 Volunteers from the North
Brief, contemplating calling up 50,00 troops from the north
RW46v23n80p1c2 6 October 1846 Something Rich and Rare
Scripts and short military correspondence reprinted from New Orleans Delta
RW46v23n80p1c5-6 6 October 1846 Army of the West
Correspondence from the St Louis Republican. Letter from a soldier under
the command of Gen. Kearney describing march to Santa Fe
RW46v23n80p2c4 6 October 1846 Our Army in New Mexico
In camp at Galasteo new Mexico. Long wartime correspondence from a traveling
reporter - very dramatic and story like - much to say about Santa Fe
RW46v23n80p3c1 6 October 1846 Last Evening's Mail
Letters and correspondence from Mexico area including a proclamation given by
Gen. Kearney to Santa Fe people and his troops
RW46v23n80p4c1-2 6 October 1846 General Taylor's Position
Expressing concern over the plight of Taylor and his ability to overcome the Mexican forces
RW46v23n80p4c3 6 October 1846 Yucatan Political Position
Yucatan acknowledgement and proclaims the Pronunciamento of Guadalajara
RW46v23n80p4c5 6 October 1846 Mexico -California
Brief correspondence from New Orleans Times
RW46v23n80p4c5 6 October 1846 To the Inhabitants of California
A letter reassuring that the US armed forces are on their way there, but not as
hostiles, but rather to protect the rights of the Americans already living there
RW46v23n80p4c5 6 October 1846 Capture of Santa Fe
An account of the events which led to the capture of the Mexican held Santa Fe
RWv23n81p1c1 9 October 1846 General Kearney's Proclamation
A critique about the rights of the military to enforce the rules of America
in Mexico; also questions the righteousness of the war
RWv23n81p1c1-2 9 October 1846 Annexation of New Mexico
Brief summary of Gen. Kearney's Proclamation and the status of newly acquired
territory in New Mexico
RWv23n81p1c6 9 October 1846 Ship arrival - very short description
RWv23n81p2c1 9 October 1846 Progress in Annexation
Political and military explanation for the progress in annexation
RWv23n81p2c2 9 October 1846 Arrival of Mr. Bouck - Counting Specie for Mexico
RWv23n81p4c2 9 October 1846 The Area of Freedom - Thoughts on General Kearney's Proclamation
RWv23n81p4c3 9 October 1846 Value of New Mexico
Letters from a soldier giving an account of the value of New Mexico
RWv23n81p4c4 9 October 1846 Latest Foreign News
Our Mexican Relations in Europe
RW46v23n82p1c1-3 13 October 1846 News from Mexico and California
Speaking about the controversy over Gen. Kearney assuming the title of governor
of New Mexico; a title he self appointed himself to
RW46v23n82p1c3 13 October 1846 Cost of the War
Short analysis on the cost of the war
RW46v23n82p1c4 13 October 1846 From the Gulf Squadron
New from naval activities near Vera Cruz
RW46v23n82p1c4 13 October 1846 Letters from San Antonio
Letter from an officer of the volunteer force near San Antonio
RW46v23n82p1c4-5 13 October 1846 From General Wool's Army
Correspondence of the New Orleans Tropic regarding the Army destined for Chihnahua
RW46v23n82p1c6 13 October 1846 Later from the Army
The Capture of Monterey! A brief description of the struggle and capture
for Moneterey
RW46v23n82p1c6 13 October 1846 American Slaves in Mexican Mines
Short article about captured Americans as slaves in Mexico
RW46v23n82p2c1 13 October 1846 News from the Army
Complimenting the efforts of the soldiers who fought in battle
RW46v23n82p2c1 13 October 1846 The Armistice
Regarding the armistice between Ampudia and General Taylor
RW46v23n82p2c2 13 October 1846 General Kearney
Regarding New Mexico territory entering the Union and Kearney's governorship
of the new territory
RW46v23n82p3c1 13 October 1846 Hasty Memoranda of the operations of the American Army before Monterey Mexico from the 19th to the 24 September
RW46v23n82p4c3 13 October 1846 The Santa Fe Trade
The effect on trade with the change in government in New Mexico
RW46v23n83p1c1-4 16 October 1846 General Taylor's Dispatch
Letters sent to Washington regarding the progress of a battle (Including letters
from Zachary Taylor and Pedro De Ampudia) Also letters from soldiers to wives
RW46v23n83p2c1 16 October 1846 General Kearney's Proclamation
Analyzing the meaning and significance of Kearney's announcement for the newly
acquired territory
RW46v23n83p2c3 16 October 1846 Important News from Mexico
Announcing news acquired from Mexico about appointment of a new President
RW46v23n83p4c2-3 16 October 1846 Interesting Details of the Operation in and about Monterey given by the correspondence of the Picayune
RW46v23n84p1c1 20 October 1846 The News from New Mexico
Brief description of what is currently happening in Mexico
RW46v23n84p1c1-3 20 October 1846 Old Rough and Ready and the Duke of Wellington
Correspondence letters accounts descriptions that
were prefaced to in a previous segment
RW46v23n84p1c5 20 October 1846 Ecstasy among the Mules
A joking article about the mules after hearing of the victory of Monterey
RW46v23n84p1c6 20 October 1846 The Death of Captain Williams
RW46v23n84p1c6 20 October 1846 Notes from my Knapsack
RW46v23n84p1c6 20 October 1846 Captain Tobun's Last
RW46v23n84p2c2 20 October 1846 Lieut. Col. McClung of MI
RW46v23n84p2c2 20 October 1846 From Santa Fe
RW46v23n84p2c2 20 October 1846 Mexican Army of five thousand on its way to attack Gen. Kearney
RW46v23n84p2c3 20 October 1846 Arrival of the Steamship McKim
War reports
RW46v23n84p2c3 20 October 1846 Latest from Mexico
News of the war effort in Mexico - troop and ship arrivals and departures
RW46v23n84p2c3-4 20 October 1846 Santa Anna's Letter
Letter from Santa Anna to General Almonte
RW46v23n84p4c3-4 20 October 1846 From Yucatan
Iformation on its status since its split and also correspondence letters
RW46v23n84p4c5 20 October 1846 From Texas
RW46v23n85p1c4 23 October 1846 The News from Mexico
The preparations for Another Battle - Predictions for an anticipated battle
to ensue shortly as Generals and troops come together
RW46v23n85p2c2 23 October 1846 Sergeant Milton
Letter from a sergeant Milton about his battle and fight at Resaca de la Palma
RW46v23n85p2c4 23 October 1846 Movements of Chihuahua Army
Correspondence from the Louisville journal - Letters from US Generals
RW46v23n85p2c4 23 October 1846 Honor to General Taylor
Short excerpt from New York Herald honoring Gen. Taylor
RW46v23n85p2c5 23 October 1846 From the Seat of War - Volunteers Ticked Out - Morals of Matamoros - Camargo - Mexicans Not Drunkards - Movements of Troops - Rare Fun
RW46v23n85p2c6 23 October 1846 From Santa Fe
Accounts and descriptions of military activities in the area
RW46v23n85p4c1 23 October 1846 The Capitualtion of Monterey
A description of the capture of Monterey
RW46v23n85p4c4 23 October 1846 Analysis of the Battle of Monterey and the Military Genius of General Taylor
RW46v23n85p4c5 23 October 1846 Conquest of Santa Fe
RWv23n86p1c2 27 October 1846 Uncle Billy
The Old Texan Volunteer
RWv23n86p2c5 27 October 1846 From Col. Marshall's Regiment
a letter as well
RWv23n86p2c5 27 October 1846 Later from Vera Cruz
RWv23n86p2c6 27 October 1846 From the Hamilton Spectator
reviews of the war from Canadian perspective
RWv23n86p4c2 27 October 1846 Recruits for the Army
Who is to be called up for duty and where they may be heading
RWv23n86p4c2 27 October 1846 Storming of Monterey
The siege and capture of Monterey
RWv23n86p4c2 27 October 1846 Expenses of the War
How much debt the US is in due to war effort
RWv23n86p4c3 27 October 1846 Santa Anna's friends
Describing the people surrounding Santa Anna
RWv23n86p4c4 27 October 1846 Late from New York Herald - Late from Yucatan
O its political independence status
RW46n23v87p1c2 30 October 1846 News from the Army
Another
regiment formed
RW46n23v87p1c3-4 30 October 1846 Eleven Days Later from Monterey - Arrival
of the Galveston Logs
Accounts correspondence and letters
RW46n23v87p1c4 30 October 1846 Captain Bragg's Battery
RW46n23v87p1c4-5 30 October 1846 Terms of Capitulation
RW46n23v87p1c5 30 October 1846 Evacuation of Monterey
RW46n23v87p1c5-6 30 October 1846 From our Squadron
RW46n23v87p1c5 30 October 1846 From the Squadron in the Gulf of Mexico
RW46n23v87p1c6 30 October 1846 Revolution in Caracas
RW46n23v87p2c3 30 October 1846 Mexican Intelligence
Troop movement
RW46n23v87p2c3-4 30 October 1846 Louisianans at Monterey
Correspondence and letters from troops from the region
RW46n23v87p3c1 30 October 1846 Last Evening's Mail
Pacific Blockade
RW46n23v87p4c5 30 October 1846 Very Late from Havana and Mexico
November 1846
RW46v23i88p1c5p1c3, November 3, 1846: The
Storming of Monterey
An account of the battle of Monterey.
RW46v23i88p2c6,
November 3, 1846: Marine Intelligence
A record of the ships that sailed or arrived at the Port of Richmond.
RW46v23i88p1c6,
November 6, 1846: Santa Fe News
General Kearney and his men travel along the Rio Grande.
RW46v23i88p1c6,
November 6, 1846: Santa Anna's Leg
Santa Anna's leg was exhumed as a political statement, but authorities
gained possession of the leg and reburied it.
RW46v23i88p3c4, November, 6, 1846: Letter
of Gen. Butler
Excerpts of a letter General Butler sent to one of his close relatives.
RW46v23i88p3c6,
November 6, 1846: The Army of Chihuahua
Major M.C.M. Hammond provides information of General Wool's venture to
Chihuahua.
RW46v23i88p3c4, November 6, 1846: Notice
of Some of the Officers who fell at Monterey
A tribute for four soldiers that fell at Monterey.
RW46v23i89p1c3,
November 10, 1846: General Taylor
Paris correspondent pays compliments to General Taylor.
RW46v23i89p1c5, November 10, 1846: From
the N.O. Picayune, Oct. 30
News from the Steamship McKim
RW46v23i89p1c5, November 10, 1846: Electoral
Correspondence of the Picayune, Galveston, Oct. 27, 1846
Sickness among the American and Mexican armies seems to prevail.
RW46v23i89p1c5, November 10, 1846:
Correspondence of the Commercial Times, Monterey (Mexico) Sept. 30, 1846
An account of the surrender of Monterey.
RW46v23i89p1c6, November 10, 1846: Later
from Monterey
A record of the ships that docked and those that departed on the 28th
of October.
RW46v23i89p4c4, November 10, 1846: Late
from Havana
Reported damage from the storm that stuck Havana harbor.
RW46v23i89p5c2,
November 10, 1846: Marine Intelligence
Reports of the ships that sailed and arrived at the Port of Richmond.
RW46v23i89p5c1, November 10, 1846: The
President and Santa Anna
Criticizes President Polk for allowing Santa Anna to return to Mexico.
RW46v23i90p1c6,
November 13, 1846: The News from Mexico
Dispatches from Vera Cruz report that Monterey has fallen.
RW46v23i90p1c3, November 13, 1846:
The Sufferings of the Soldiers
An account of the three day battle of Monterey. Robert Hardin
reports that the war is harsh on the soldiers and many of them are dying
from disease.
RW46v23i90p1c3, November 13, 1846: The
Rancheros
In a letter from Rowan Hardin to his father he discusses the disadvantage
of the Rancheros and states that the war should not last longer than 12
months.
RW46v23i90p1c4, November 13, 1846: Operation
of Captain Fremont
Fremont left Monterey to acquire territory in California.
RW46v23i90p2c1, November 13, 1846:
The Mexican War
President Polk looks at the battle of Monterey.
RW46v23i90p2c6,
November 13, 1846: Marine Intelligence
Report of the ships that sailed from or arrived at the Port of Richmond.
RW46v23i90p2c5, November 13, 1846: The
Gun-Cotton
Experiments with gun powder may pay off to aid the Mexican War.
RW46v23i90p3c1, November 13, 1846: Last Evening
Mail, From the Camp at Monterey Nov. 11
General Taylor's dispatch papers for Oct. 6th, 11th,
12th, and 13th.
RW46v23i90pc6, November 13, 1846:
Correspondence of the N.O. Picayune, Monterey, Mexico Oct. 12, 1846
The Mexican mail rider has disappeared, causing the mail to become slower.
RW46v23i90p4c5, November 13, 1846: Camargo
(Mexico) October 22, 1845
The town of Monterey has become a tranquil place after the departure
of the volunteer forces.
RW46v23i90p4c6, November 13, 1846:
Naval - Attack on Alvarado!
A naval attack was to have taken place along the Alvarado River on the
11th or 12th.
RW46v23i90p4c5, November 13, 1846: The
General-in-chief of the Army of the North to the Inhabitants of the Three
Provinces of the East
The General-in-chief gives his account of his visit to Monterey.
RW46v23i90p4c5, November 13, 1846: Camp near
Monterey (Mexico) October 13, 1846
General Ampudia leaves from Saltillo.
RW46v23i90p4c6, November 13, 1846:
Correspondence of the N.O. Picayune, Monterey, Mexico Oct. 12, 1846
Lieut. Armistead just arrived with dispatch papers for General Taylor.
RW46v23i92p1c1, November 20, 1846: Call
for Troops
The Government calls for one regiment of Infantry from every state.
RW46v23i92p1c2, November 20, 1846: Official
Proclamation
General Kearney issued a notice to the people of New Mexico stating that
it now belongs to the Unites States.
RW46v23i92p1c4, November 20, 1846:
From the N.O. Picayune, Further Mexican Intelligence
Mexicans continue to struggle to fight the Unites States despite lack
of funding.
RW46v23i92p1c5, November 20, 1846: Late
from Our Squadron in the Gulf and on the Pacific
U.S. fails to enter the river of Alvarado again.
RW46v23i92p1c6, November 20, 1846:
Acquittal of Dr. Tyler
Dr. Tyler defends his wife during his malpractice trail.
RW46v23i92p1c5, November 20, 1846: From the
Pacific
Accounts from August 22nd of the Pacific coast.
RW46v23i92p1c3, November 20, 1846: Chance
of Volunteers
Earlier in the spring Captain E.C. Carrington, Jr.'s volunteers were
canceled by the government because we did not need the forces at that time.
RW46v23i92p1c1, November 20, 1846: Letter
to the Editor, To His Excellency, Wm Smith, Governor of Virginia
The War Department calls the 12 month enlistment to an end.
RW46v23i92p2c7, November 20, 1846: A
Proclamation
The President calls upon Virginia for Volunteers
RW46v23i92p2c5,
November 20, 1846: The Mexicans, News, The Loan, &c.
Santa Anna returns to the capital bringing new hope to the Mexican people.
RW46v23i92p2c4,
November 20, 1846: New Mexico
U.S. looks for precious metals in our territory.
RW46v23i92p2c2,
November 20, 1846: Virginia Volunteers
Governor accepts the service of Richmond Grays.
RW46v23i92p3c1, November 20, 1846: Last
Evening Mail, Virginia Volunteers
Captain M.D. Coxix forms a regiment from Alexandria.
RW46v23i92p3c1,
November 20, 1846: From Santa Fe
Lieut. Colonel Smith and his Mormon Battalion arrived at Santa Fe October
8th.
RW46v23i93p4c2, November 24, 1846: Abolitionism
Abolitionism is on the decline.
RW46v23i93p4c3,
November 24, 1846: The War
The battle of Monterey and surrender of the city.
RW46v23i93p1c6, November 24, 1846: Gen.
Wool's Army
General Wool is ordered to the banks of the Rio Grande.
RW46v23i93p1c6, November 24, 1846: Later
from the Army
Captain Tucker arrived yesterday morning from Brazos Santiago.
RW46v23i93p1c6, November 24,
1846: New Orleans, Nov. 14
Captain Randolph Ridgely is rumored dead.
RW46v23i93p1c7, November 24, 1846: The
Very Latest from Monterey
More details of the death of Captain Ridgely.
RW46v23i93p2c7, November 24, 1846: Marine
Intelligence
Reports of the ships that sailed or arrived at the Port of Richmond.
RW46v23i93p2c4, November 24, 1846:
Official Dispatches from Gen. Taylor
General Taylor's update and position of the army.
RW46v23i93p2c5,
November 24, 1846: Volunteers of Virginia
Calls for volunteers from Virginia.
RW46v23i93p2c2, November 24, 1846:
Correspondence of the Baltimore Clipper, Washington Nov. 20, 1846
The testimony of the case of General Van Nese.
RW46v23i93p3c1 November 24, 1846: Policy
of Annexation
The due process by which Texas was annexed.
RW46v23i93p3c3, November 24, 1846: The Horrors
of War
The death of a Mexican woman reminds us of the hardships of war.
RW46v23i93p3c3, November 24, 1846: Later
from Monterey, Additional & Interesting From Monterey
The Steamship Galveston arrives.
RW46v23i93p3c3, November 24, 1846: Texas
Election Returns
Texas is beginning to return to normal, at least politically.
RW46v23i93p3c4, November 24, 1846:
Correspondence of the European Times
A Paris correspondent argues that the United States should not make contributions
to Mexicans during the War.
RW46v23i94p1c2,
November 27, 1846: Col. Benton
There is a rumored reconciliation between the Administration and Colonel
Benton despite his son-in-law's (Colonel Fremont) actions.
RW46v23i94p1c4, November 27, 1846:
Official Dispatches
General Taylor's updated and position of the army.
RW46v23i94p1c6,
November 27, 1846: Department of Major General Scott
Major General Scott and his staff are ordered to Mexico.
RW46v23i94p1c6, November 27, 1846: Later
from the Army
Update from General Wool and General Taylor.
RW46v23i94p2c4, November 27, 1846: The
War - Its Results
An overall look at the Mexican War campaign.
RW46v23i94p2c4, November 27, 1846:
Capture of Tabasco! Official dispatches from Commodore Conner
A detailed account of the operations of Tabasco and the death of Lieutenant
Charles W. Morris.
RW46v23i94p3c1, November 27, 1846: General
Scott
Scott passes through Baltimore on his way to Mexico.
RW46v23i94p4c1, November 27, 1846: The
Dispatches - The Future
The official details of the conflict at Monterey.
RW46v23i94p4c2, November 27, 1846:
Important from Mexico - From Tampico
Mexican garrison at Tampico departed to meet Santa Anna.
RW46v23i94p4c2, November 27, 1846: Rumored
Capture of Tobasco
Commander Perry captures Tobasco
RW46v23i94p4c1, November 27, 1846: Later
from Santa Fe
General Kearny on his way to California finds out that Colonel Fremont
has already claimed Northern California.
RW46v23i94p4c3, November 27, 1846:
Official Dispatches
General Taylor's update of the army.
RW46v23i94p4c5, November 27, 1846:
Late and Important from Mexico
Captain Williams arrives from Havana bringing news.
December
July
August
September
October
November
Tuesday, November 3, 1846 RW46v23i88p1c3 The Storming of Monterey
From the N.O. Picayune.
The following account of the operations of Gen. Worth's division at Monterey, and defence of the capituation, are from the pen of Col. Balie Peyton, of this city:
MONTEREY, Sept. 25, 1844.
My Dear Sir. - After a most obstinate and . . . conflict, which was continued from day to day for 5 days, Gen. Ampudia capitulated this city . . . . Our loss in killed and wounded, has been . . . severe, not less than 500, amongst . . . of the most valuable officers of the regular army, as well as volunteers.
The 1stRegiment of Tennessee volunteers, commanded by Col. Campbell, suffered more severely perhaps, than any other which was engaged during the siege, having had 27 killed on the field, and 77 wounded, some of them mortally, and many of them seriously, and this out of a force of only 390 men. Notwithstanding this tremendous loss, the regiment charged under the lead of its gallant colonel and other officers, and was the first regiment which stormed the fort, mounted the beast works, and unfurled the stars and stripes upon its walls, amidst a perfect hail storm, of balls, which was pouring upon it.
These Mexican towns and fortresses are incredibly strong, and few men fight letter from house tops, and behind stone walls, or are more adroitun the use of stationary artillery than the Mexicans. In these actions Gen. Taylor, had, all told, about 5000 men, while Gen. Ampudia's force consisted of 10,500 infantry and cavalry, besides milita, rancheros, &c. Gen. Taylor had eighteen pieces of artillery, of which seventeen were field pieces, while Gen. Ampudia had forty-four pieces, thirty-eight of which, with two standards of colors, are now in our possession.
Our Army arrived before Monterey the morning of Saturday, the 19th instant, and about half past 8 o'clock, while reconnoitering the out works of the city, a ball, discharged from a 12 pounder, struck near Gen. Taylor and staff, and bounded with terrific velocity over his head, at which the old hero did not change a muscle of even bat his eye. This day, the 19th , was spent in making reconnoisances of the place and its various outposts, amidst a good deal of firing on the part of the Mexicans, from cannon and a short gun called an escopette, which carries a large ball to a distance of 500 or 600 yards.
On Sunday, the 21th, Gen. Worth was detached by Gen. Taylor, in command of the 2d division of the regular Army "about 1500 strong" and Col. Hays'regiment of Texas Rangers "consisting of 400 men," with a view of turning the city and occupying the Saltillo road, for the purpose of cutting off the enemy's supplies and reinforcements, which were daily ex0pected under General Santa Anna. The division performed the march - making a road - filling ditches, &c. - a distance of about six or seven miles, and reached the vicinity of the enemy in the evening about 5 o'clock, when the General, with an escort from Col. Hays'Rangers, was fired on by the batteries placed on the heights, and also by a corps of the enemy's light troops, who were sent through a corn-field to cut off his party.
From this time until the appearance of the white flag, on the evening of the 24th , the division of the Army commanded by Gen. Worth was incessantly engaged and was ever successful - never for one moment hesitating or faltering - putting to route the enemy's cavalry on the plains, driving his infantry through the chapparal and from the house tops, scaling immerse heights, capturing guns, and storming fortresses which were not only deemed impregnable but which seemed to be almost inaccessible. And, best of all, these brilliant exploits were performed with the loss of fourteen killed and fifty six wounded; and during the four days'contest there occurred not the slightest error or mistake on the part of the commanding General nor was there at any time the least faltering or hesitancy on the part of the officers and men - regulars and volunteers - in executing his orders. Indeed it is difficult to determine which is most worthy of admiration, the energy displayed by the able and accomplished commander or the gallantry and ardor with which he was sustained by those under his command.
When the difficulties and apparently insurperable obsiacles are considered, I venture the assertion that the series of successes obtained by the division under Gen. Worth's command, in the recent operations against Monterey, will bear a favorable comparison with the proudest achievements of the American arms. He was opposed by a greatly superior force, which was well served with artillery and posted upon the highest peaks of the Sierra Madre. He stormed heights, took three pieces of artillery, turned them on the enemy, and with these and the aid of one of his own pieces - which he contrived to place upon the summit which commands the famous Bishop's Palace, eight hundred feet above the base of the mountain - united with the inestimable services rendered by the dauntless and invincible spirits who stormed these heights, he reduced that stronghold of the enemy and drove him into the city, upon which he turned the guns he had captured. He bivoascked his foce for the night on the bleak mountain, and the next day, after bombarding the town, he conducted his forces into the streets amidst a shower of balls discharged at his person. He was seen everywhere, directing everything, driving the enemy from his batteries, forcing him from street to street and house to house, until night ended the conflict. He maintained his position in the city, placed a ten inch mortar in one of the strongly fortified squares, to direct which he placed that gallant and skillful officer, Major Monroe, with instruction to fire a shell (weighing ninety pounds) every half hour during the night. This duty was performed with terrible effect, almost every shell falling in plaza where the enemy's forces were collected to the number of 7000 or 8000 men. He had made every necessary preparation for pursuing his advantages the next day, even to placing some of his artillery on the tops of high buildings, which would command and sweep the house tops from which the enemy fought.
Such was the state of probation when Gen. Ampudia capitulated the city, reflecting equal honor upon the military skill of the head which conceived, and the indomitable energy of the gallant spirits who executed the plan of operations.
Our most serious low occurred on the 21st, when Gen. Taylor only intended to make a diversion in favor of Gen. Worth, who was engaged in the attack on the other side of the town, but owing to the ardor and impetuosity of the troops they very soon became involved in a general engagement, which Gen. Taylor felt bound to sustain. This excess of courage involved melancholy consequences, but it is surely a most excusable weakness, if it be a weakness, to display an excess of ardor in the field of battle.
The volunteers from the different States behaved in the most handsome manner. They have won for the citizen soldier the admiration and appliance of the officers and soldiers of the regular Army, who speak of their conduct in the highest terms of approbation and eulogy. Amongst the volunteers none have shone more compicuously than the 1stRegiment of Texas mounted riflemen: command by that Chevalier Bayard, Colonel J. C. Hays, better known as Jack Hays. This corps, from the Colonel to the private, has fully sustained its former reputation. In the first affairs in which Gen. Worth's division was engaged on the morning of the 21st, Col. Hays, with several companies of his mounted riflemen, were thrown forward to open the ball, which he did most beautifully, encountering and shooting in the presence of the General the Colonel of dragoons who commanded the enemy's forces. In scaling heights, storming batteries, and clamberingover walls and housetops, the voice of the gallant Colonel and the reports of the un. . . rifle of the Ranger, were ever head in the van. The courage and constancy and subordination of this corps, is the theme of admiration in the Army.
But my object is narrative and not eulogy. It is not necessary for me to go into detail in relation to the terms recorded to the Mexican Army in the capitulation as you will have seen the articles, or the substance therefore, published in the newspapers ere this reaches you. If any one not acquainted with the facts of the case should object that our commanding General has granted terms too favorable to the retiring Army let it be remembered that our invisible little Army had already suffered severely in bareing the bosoms of our best citizens and bravest officers, and soldiers, to the batteries of the unseen foe; that the city was still immensely strong in its defences [sic]; that the Mexican Army was doubted that of our own; this Amry was in possession of the strongest part of a city each house of which is a fortress within itself; that each remaining street was barricaded and most of them defended by cannon; and that when driven from the city the Mexican Army possessed a fortress called the Citadel, of immense capacity and great strength to which the whole Army could have retired. To have taken this work without a siege train, as we were, by assault, would have cost us very dearly. Independently of these considerations our provisions were growing short and our ammunition was quite limited. We were far removed from our supplies and reinforcements, while the enemy night have been reinforced at any moment. And lastly, the policy avowed by our own Government does not inculeate the idea that this is to be a vindictive or exterminating war against the people of Mexico, but on the contrary to conquer a peace, or in other words to whip Mexico to her own satifaction, obtain our just rights, and conclude a peace upon terms such as would be becoming in a great and magnanimous nation towards a weak and distracted Government. All this has in my opinion been accomplished, in as full, complete and ample a manner by the course pursued in the capitulation, as if we had stormed the citadel and put their whole army to the sword. This is, in my judgment, the last battle which will be fought in the Mexican war. Gen. Ampudia, in urging a pacific course on Gen. Taylor, stated repeatedly that he knew that Gen. Santa Anna was disposed to peace; that he was well assured that the course adopted would lead to peace between the two countries; that his object was to save the effusion of blood and the honor of his Government. But if the war is to be prosecuted, we are in the possession of one of the strongest, most healthy and beautiful places in Mexico; from which, when our reinforcements and supplies arrive, our army cannot be expelled by any force which Mexico will be able to send against it. We have taken arms and ammunition with which we can act offensively or defensively, according to the course of events and the policy of the government. If it be the policy of our government to extend our boundary beyond the Rio Grande, then the line ofthe Rinconnada, agreed upon as that beyond which the Mexican troops are to retire, is the most eligible which can be indicated by the geographical features of the country.
Gen. Ampudia and his army left this morning for Saltillo. He was treated with courtesy and respect by Gen. Worth, whose quarters are in the city, and who accomplished him to the limits of the town. In fact, all of our troops displayed that forbearance which always marks the conduct of brave and magnamimous men towards those whom the torture of war has placed in their power. You will observe that in my narration of the vents of the battle, I have confined myself to the operations of that division of the army which was commanded by Gen. Worth. I have done so because I was with this command, near his person, saw what occurred, and know that which I have stated to be substantially correct. You are not to infer that I mean to intimate that the main army, under the command of Gen. Taylor did not perform feats equally worthy of informed as to facts and much better qualified for the duty, will no doubt give a detailed account of the operations of this portion of the army. Take the army altogether, I doubt whether a superior body of men ever rallied under the flag of our country.
Very truly, yours, &c.
BALIE PEYTON.
J. AD. ROZIER, Esq.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 3, 1846 RW46i23i88p2c6 Marine Intelligence
Port of Richmond
High Water this day at 3 o'clock. P. M.
ARRIVED.
Steamer Columbia, Parrish Baltimore.
Steamer Union, Hagher, Philadelphia, sundries
to . . . & Brother Grubt's & Appeerson, J. H. . . . & Fon,
P. Johnston, Webb, Bacon & Co., Shields &
Bomerville, J. Winston, S. Bo. . .
, Aato, Pizziai, A. Pizzini, J. Pizzini, Crersraw, Brothers & Co., Duval
& Purcell, Edmond & Davenport, R. Farrish,
Williams & Hazal, Vry & Co.,
T. Starp, B. Peyton, H. Fisher, W. Taylor, J. . . . , Van Lew, South &
Co.,
Schr. Richard Thompson, Corsus, New York.
Schr. Meridan, Tacot, Fortsmouth, N. H.
Schr. Cambris, Mitchell, Norfolk.
Schr. Blackhawk, . . . , Portsmouth.
SAILED.
Schr. Pocahontas, Smack, New York.
Baltimore. Nov. 2 - Arrived, schr Eliza Graham, from Richmond.
Cleared - Col. De Russy, Wheeler, Norfolk and Richmond.
[AMB]
Friday, November 6, 1846 RW46v23i89p1c6 Santa Fe News
Correspondent of the St. Louis Union.
Santa Fe, Sept. 13, 1846.
Messers. Editors - On the 2d inst. Gen. Kearney, with about 800 men, left this town on an excursion South. We went to a village called Tonie, about one hundred miles distant. We struck the Rio Grande twenty-seven miles from this place, at a villiage called San Domingo, inhabited by the Pueblo Indians. Our reception at this village was quite a grand affair, the principal men and braves of the tribe met us six miles from the town, and escorted us in; the braves were mounted on their best horses, and dressed in the most gaudy apparel, and armed and equipped in the same manner as when they go out for the purpose of fighting. When the General passed the head of their columns, they fired off their guns, and then one file on each side of our companies proceeded to the rear, and then wheeled and came down close to our line at the top of the speed of their horses, yelling and going through all he manoevres of a regular charge; they met again at the head of our column, fired at each other with their pistols, made passes with their lances, and then filed off and returned to the head of our companies. This was repeated several times to the great admiration and astonishment of all who witnessed it. I have never seen better horsemen anywhere, and from what I could discover, I should take them to be formidable in battle if properly armed. They are fine looking men, and much superior in every respect to the Mexican population. They have a very fine village, most splendid vineyards, and appear to be much more comfortable in every respect than the Mexicans. When we got into the village, we were invited into the priest's house, where a most sumptuous repast was set out, consisting of the best grapes I ever saw, melons, apples, cakes, and with liquor enough to wash them down.
There is at this town, quite an extensive church to which is attached the priest's house, where he keeps his . . . of concubines. The priest at this place has four - two of them are quite good looking. After our repast, the General made a speech to the citizens, who appeared quite well pleased; they then escorted us out of town, and we went our way rejoicing with full stomachs, and every man with just liquor enough in him to make him feel patriotic. This was the only Indian village we visited.
After we left San Domingo, we passed through villages every 8 or 10 miles, until we reached the village of Tonie. Most of them, however, were quite small, and the inhabitants, with the exception of two or three men in each, are poor miserable . . . .
The only villiages on the Rio Grande that we visited worthy of note, are San Domingo, San Phillippe, Albuquerque, and Tonie. Albuquerque was the residence of Armijo. - We haulted a short time at this place, going and returning. Gen. Kearney called on the late Governor's wife, and passed an hour or two, as he told me, very pleasantly. She is said to be a intelligent women, and deported herself with much property. Her husband, (Armijo,) it is said, has gone to the Passo, an it is supposed, will continue on to the city of Mexico. The people near the Tonie, and the inhabitants of the different villages have heard of our intended visit, and the General so arranged our marches as to bring us to this town the evening before the anniversary of their patron Saint, a great day with the inhabitants of that region of country, and I assure you it was a great day not only with them, but to all who were present; there was an immense concourse of people, men, women, children, Mexican, Indians, and white folks. They had prepared fire-works, which were gotten up in a very good style, the town was illuminated, they had a theatre, that is, a play in the open yard, which appeared to be received by the in habitants, they also had a fandango, which was not only crowded, but jammed and crowded to overflowing, the beauty and fashion were there, and to my astonishment I found some of the women quite handsome. During the day there was mass said and the Virgin Mary was paraded around the streets, followed by the principle men of the town, and also by Gen. Kearney and his staff, with lighted candles in their hands.
The priest at Tonie joined in the waltz, and appeared as jovial and as much disposed to participate in all the amusements as any one else. The country couth of this place, Santa Fe along the Rio Grande, is much better than any portion of the Province I have yet visited; yet, in my judgment, no Missourian would ever think of locating any where here for the purpose of cultivating the soil. The Province has been over rated, and our government has been grossly imposed upon and deceived, as to its resources, commerce, &c. I have not seen any thing since my arrival here that would excite the least desire for me to reside here. To sum up the whole in a few words, the Mexican are physically, mentally and morally an inferior and "low flung" race.
Yesterday an order was read, assigning the five companies of dragoons for the California expedition; there has not as yet been any place designated that my company will be attached to Maj. Clerk's Battalion, and stationed at this place. I hope such may be the case, unless I can induce the Gen. to let me go south, to Passo del Norte. I saw the Gen. last night and requested that he would not assign me to Doniphan's command - he said he would not.
I have found the offices of the army very agreeable companions, and thus far, all has gone on very well. Our mail will not leave next Thursday. Should anything occur before the departure of the mail. I will write you again.
September 15th , 1846.
Since writing the foregoing, an order was made, assigning my company to do duty with Major Clark's battalion, and stationing up at this place for the winter.
The five companies of dragoons, will, it is said, march on the 25th
instant for California. We have had no news in relation to prices'regiment,
nor of Captain Allen's command of Mormous. We do not know how to account
for the non-arrival of Price, nor the delay of Allen.
[AMB]
Friday, November 6, 1846 RW46v23i89p1c6 71 words Santa Anna's Leg
Santa Anna's leg, the leg which he lost by the French, which was buried
with honors, but subsequently was exhumed and kicked about in derision,
it appears by a letter in the New York Commerical, has been recovered
from a young man, who had obtained possession of it, in the hope that some
day he might make a good speculation out of it, and was respectfully buried
by the new authories.
[AMB]
Friday, November 6, 1846 RW46v23i89p3c4 Letter of Gen. Butler
The following are extracts of a letter from Gen. BUTLER, to a near relative of his in Louisville. In publishing it the Journal of that city states that the General says, in the same letter, that it is the opinion of those Mexican officers who have been taken prisoners by our army, that their Government will at once offer to ours terms of peace.
MONTEREY, SEPT. 25, 1846.
Monterey is ours, but not without a heavy loss, and my division has probably sustained more than one-half of it. I am myself wounded, but not badly. I was struck by a musket ball below the knee: it entered in front, grazed the bones without injuring them, ranged round through the flesh, and came out on the opposite side. I became faint from loss of blood, and was compelled to leave the field after having been in it under a heavy fire of grape and musketry for three hours. I have been required by my surgeon to keep perfectly still ever since the battle.
I was in the act of leading the Ohio Regiment to storm two of the most formidable batteries in the town, flanked by a stone wall, ten feet high, with a deep ditch in front, and covered by a strong musketry force in the rear, under complete shelter. There were two other batteries of grape shot discharged, that swept the ground continually. Col. Mitchell, who commanded the regiment of Ohio volunteers, was wounded about the same time that I was, and we then prudently abandoned the enterprise, as we become convinced that our loss would have been probably at least one-hundred more men, had we persevered.
I hope you will not think I acted rashly. I know that I am often rash where I involve myself alone; not so, however, when the fate of others are at stake. The condition is which we were placed fully justified, if it did not positively require us to make the attempt. The peculiarity of our situation I cannot now explain without going into greater detail than I am able to do.
The battle commenced about 9 o'clock A. M., and continued without intermission, with various degrees of intensity, for eight hours. I had almost 1000 men in the battle - the Louisville Legion having been left to guard our mortars - and of that number we lost in killed and wounded about 250.
We took our battery and a house fitted up as a fortification, and assisted the regulars in taking a second. General Worth, with great gallantry and equal success, and with far less loss, carried on his operations on the opposite side of the town.
The loss of the regulars who acted with us was nearly proportional to ours, as I learn, though I have not seen the official returns.
Under the circumstances, the terms of the capitulation are favorable to us. There were still several strong forts in the hands of the enemy, which we would have been compelled to take by regular approaches or with heavy losses. The plaza is of itself an enormous fortification of continuous houses, with thick stone walls, and all the streets leading into it strongly fortified and filled with guns.
They admit that they will have at least 8000 fighting men, whilst on our
part we cannot muster 5000 for duty, and have only a few heavy guns, and
them we took from them. Never, I believe, did troops, both volunteers and
regulars, behave with more calmness and intrepidity, and I do not believe
that for downright straightforward hard fighting the battle of Monterey has
over been surpassed.
[AMB]
Friday, November 6, 1846 RW46v23i89p3c6 697 words The Army of Chihuahua
From the New Orleans Picayune.
From Maj. M. C. M. Hammond, U.S.A., who arrived a day or two since from Port Lavaca and San Antonio, Texas, we obtain the following information:
One half of Gen. Wool's army left San Antonio for the Presidio on the Rio Grande on the 26th of September. - The General went in person on the 29th . The remaining, consisting of sixteen companies of Illinois infantry and four companies of Arkansas cavalry, were under command of Col. Churchill, Inspector General U.S.A. Between the 5th and 8th of October, sight of these companies marched, commanded by Col. Hardin; and Col. Churchill was to have conducted the remainder on the 14th, leaving one or two companies in garrison at Bexar, to protect supplies and furnish escorts.
Gen. W. expected to reach Presidio in twelve days. - He will establish a depot at that point, until it is ascertained whether steamers can ascend the Rio Grande to a position more suitable for his operations. His army will cross the river on a flying bridge, boats for which were constructed at San Antonio, under the direction of Capt. Fraser, engineer, and were transported in wagons. The river at the crossing is said to be near 400 yards wide, from 50 to 100 of which are swimming, and with a rapid current of six miles the hour. If opposed by a considerable force, the passage would be exceedingly difficult, and could not be effected without great loss.
Col. Harney's command, in July, were compelled to swim about sixty yards, and the stream so scattered them, that 100 resolute men, as asserted by some of his officers, could have prevented their landing.
As soon as supplies are received to enable him to advance, Gen. Wool will press on to Chihuahua, taking Santa Rose and Monclova in his route. The former town is garrisoned with regular troops and is said to be capable of strong resistance. This line of operations is longer than might be selected, but it has the advantage of turning the mountain passes - of assurance of water and some provisions - and runs within seventy or eighty miles of Gen. Taylor's, when cooperation can be readily effected if necessary.
Gen. Wool has exhibited great activity and energy in preparing for the march. On arriving at San Antonio, on the 14th of August he was far in advance of his army and his supplies and met with innumerable obstacles in procuring wagons, teams, forage and provisions. He moved his forces at the earliest practicable moment, with so limited a number of rations as scarcely to justify his advance.
If it is found impossible to transport supplies by water to the Presidio or other point on the Rio Grande whence to furnish the Army, it will be necessary to haul all their previsions from Port Lavaces, by way of San Antonio, a distance to Chihuahua of nearly 800 miles, and through a country in rainy seasons almost impeamable for heavy wagons. It will be seen that this enterprise is gigantic, and its accomplishment will be an achievement more arduous and more creditable than a brilliant victory.
The health of the troops had very much improved. The sick were left at Bexar under care of Dr. Glen, U.S.A.
The command consists of the following officers and troops:
STAFF:
Col. Churchill, Insp. Gen. U.S. Army; Capt. Prenties, Asst. Adjt. Gen.;
Lieuts. McDowell and Bryan, Aid-de-Camps.
Capts. Lee and Fraser, Corps Engineers.
Capt. Hughes and Lieuts. Sitgreaves and Franklin, Topographical Engineers.
Lieut. Kingsbury, Ordinance Corps.
Major. Thomas, Quarter Master. Capts. Cross, Wall, Chapman and Chiltos Asst.
Quarter Masters.
Dr. Hitchcock, Medical Director; Drs. Simpson, Levely and several Volunteer
Surgeons.
LINE:
1 Company Light Artillery;
2 do. 1stDragoons;
2 do 2d Dragoons;
1 Regiment Arkansas Cavalry;
3 Companies 6th Regular Infantry;
1 do. Kentucky Infantry;
2 Regiments Illinois Infantry.
The Kentucky Regiment of Cavalry left Lavacca on the 13th inst.
for Matamoros. About forty of them had; died fifty to seventy of them had
been discharged, and one hundred sick were sent to Matamoros by water. At
one time it was said that 300 men were on the sick report. - The Tennessee
Cavalry followed the Kentucky Regiment on the 16th.
[AMB]
Friday, November 6, 1846 RW46v23i89p3c4 Notice of Some of the Officers who fell at Monterey
Lieutenant Charles Hoskins, of the 4th infantry, who was killed in that gallant charge in the streets of Monterey, on the 21stSeptember, was a native of North Carolina. He graduated at West Point in 1836, and was Adjustant of his regiment at the time of his death. AS an officer he was ever active and distinguished. He rendered very important services in his capacity as adjutant in the battles of the 8th and 9th of May last. As Quartermaster in the said Cherokee nation in 1835, under Generals Scott and Wool, his services were pre-eminent in all the operations preliminary to the removal of the Cherokees. To attempt to bear any sufficient tribute to his rare vitues as a man, a gentleman, and a friend might cause this notice to transcend its character as a record interesting to the public.
But that public, which cherished the glory of the Republic, and instantly accords its admiration for such heroic deeds, will feel an interest in hearing of the exalted private worth of such men, and will sympathize with those who lament their departure and extol their virtues. Lieut. Hoskins possessed a quick and sagacious intellect; he remarkable for the generosity and chivalry of his character, and for those winning traits which ever secured the regard and respect of those with whom he moved. The old "North State" never furnished for the service of the county a more choice and noble spirit. North Carolina will ever be proud of sons whose high character and gallant bearing shall rival his.
BREVET MAJOR PHILIP N. BARBOUR,
Of the 3d Infantry, who also fell on the 21stSeptember, was a native of Kentucky, and graduate at West Point in 1834. He was brevetted a Captain for gallant services in Florida, on the 15th April, 1842. He was brevetted a Major from 9th May last for gallant conduct in the battle of Resaca de la Palma. He was ever, like a true soldier, eager to distinguish himself, and fell at Monterey in the thickest of the fight, while his regiment was subjected to that murderous fire from masked batteries in the streets, which, after severly wounding its commander, Major Lear, killed three captains and two subalterns, and left the regiment commanded by its youngest captain. His loss will be severely felt in his regiment. He was an ornament to his profession; as much from his rare private virtues as from his public character. Devotedly attached to his native State, he has ever, throughout his career as on his glorious death, reflected great honor upon it. The army will lament his death; it remains for the country to record his name among its heroes. He was a relation of the Barbours of Virginia.
SECOND LIEUTENANT J. S. WOODS,
Of the 2d Infantry, then on duty with the 4th Infantry, who was killed in the same charge, was a native of Pennsylanvia. He graduated at West Point in 1844. He was brevetted a First Lieut. for his gallantry on the 9th May at Resaca de la Palma, whilst serving in the 4th Infantry, in capturing a field-piece from the Mexicans with a very few men. He was a young and modest officer, son of a clergyman in the interior of Pennsylvania. The citizens of his native town had just presented a sword to him for his gallantry on the 9th of May, little dreaming that he was so soon to exhibit the same spirit in another signal victory which numbers him among the slain.
First Lieut. Douglass S. Irwin, of the 3d infantry, killed at the battle of Monterey, was the son of Maj. Irwin, of Old Point Comfort, a gentlemen well known and highly respected by all the officers of the army. Lieut. Irwin was educated at West Point, and distinguished himself in the Florida war. He was a mild amiable man, beloved by the army, and his fate is deeply regretted by all his companions in arms. Had he lived he would have rapidly risen to command, as he possessed all the requisites of an able officer.
Each one of the officers of the regular army who have fallen in those
brilliant battles at Monterey were graduates at West Point, except Lieut.
Terrett, 1stinfantry, from Virginia, a young officer of high
promise. Those battles reflect . . . upon our arms, and exhibit a remarkable
instance of what American troops can accomplish even in storming entrenched
positions held by superior numbers. [Nat. Int.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 10, 1846 RW46v23i90p1c3 General Taylor
A Paris correspondent of the Louisville Journal says: "I heard often in England and Ireland, and I still hear in France, the highest compliment paid to the dispatches of Gen. Taylor. An officer in the British Navy remarked to me, after reading them, that they were models and reflected more credit upon him even than his victories."
We copy the foregoing for the purpose of correcting a very general impression,
that Gen. Taylor does not write his own despatches [sic], but that, like
Gen. Jackson, he . . . cures the aid of a more polished pen than his own
to narrate the incidents of the battlefield. A gentlemen who was with Gen.
Taylor several months during the past summer, has assured us, from personal
knowledge that Gen. Taylor "writes as well as he fights," and that every
despatch [sic] to which his name is signed, is written with his own hand.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 10, 1846 RW46v23i90p1c5 From the N.O. Picayune, Oct. 30
The steamship McKim arrived at Galveston from Brazos Santiago on Saturday last, the 24th inst., having sustained some right damage in her machinery. Gen. A. S. Johnson, of Texas, Col. Balie Peyton and our associate, Mr. Kendall, were passenagers on the McKim. Capt. Shivery's company of Mississippi and Texas volunteers, and a large number of the steam schooner Spitfire at Bazos from Chagres. This and other items are given in Mr. Kendall's letter appended. The McKim was to leave Galveston on Wednesday, the 28th inst., if her repairs were completed, and also may therefore be expected every hour. Our correspondence from the Army is in the mails on the McKim. The Palmetto brought no mail.
The U.S. propeller Florida, Capt. Butler, from Brazos for this
port, put for Galveston on the 25th inst., having been eleven
days out, with 200 discharged volunteers on board. She was abort of provisions
and water. Having supplied herself she was to sail again for this port
on the 28th.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 10, 1846 RW46v23i90p1c5 Electoral Correspondence of the Picayune, Galveston, Oct. 27, 1846
The Palmetto going out towards New Orleans this evening gives me a chance of sending you a line, although I have little in the way of news to communicate.
The McKim and Florida, propellers, are both in port here from Brazos Island. The former came in, with her machinery out of order, three days since, and having been repaired will sail to-morrow: the Florida experienced head [sic] weather, and was obliged to put in for water. She, as well as the McKim, was crowded with sick and discharged volunteers, several dying on the passage up. If anything is needed it is a comfortable Government transport on which to send home the sick and disabled soldiers.
From Monterey, a great deal of sickness prevails - chills an fevers and intermitting fevers. I have come in for more than a full shore of both, but am now on the mend. I regret to state that two able officers died here last night and are to be buried this afternoon - Col. William S. Fisher, who commanded the noted Mier expedition and Capt. Francis S. Karty, who commanded the Washington company of Texas Rangers at the battles of Monterey. The former had just married a young and accomplished wife; the latter was hourly expecting his family to meet him at this place.
The U.S. steamer Spitfire, Capt. Tatnall, arrived at Brazos Island on the 19th inst. from Chagres. She had on board Capt. Wes. C. Nocholson, Lieut. . . . and Passed . . . , U.S.N., who had been all been sent down to Chagres with dispatches for the Pacific squadron. - They are now on their way to New Orleans on the McKim. The news from California, brought by these gentlemen, has doubtless been antcipated by the arrival of Com. Sloat.
I am glad to see that our Government is to prosecute the war aginst Mexico with some show of reason and vigor. Recall. Gen. Wool from his nonsensical and Quixotic expedition to Chihuahua, order him to join Gen. Taylor and help out in the operations against Saltillo and San Louis, and the eyes of the Mexican rulers will soon be opened. All that will be wanting will be the subjugation of Tampico, and the establishment of depots of provisions on the road between that and San Louis, to throw all of Northern Mexico completely in our power.
G. W. K.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 10, 1846 RW46v23i90p1c5 Correspondence of the Commercial Times
Monterey (Mexico) Sept. 30, 1846
Messrs. Editors: - In my last I gave you a hurried account of the progress of our army, up to the surrender of this city by the Mexicans.
On the 25th, the ceremony of the surrender took place, and the Mexican flag on the citadel went down saluted by their cannon, and the stars and stripes rose proudly in its place, saluted in return by the guns of the Mexican fort, while the cheers of our brave men greeted its folds, as it disdainfully fluttered out on the breeze that wafted it from the staff of its conquered foe. Many of the Mexican officers called on Gen. Worth, among whom were Don Francisco Bena, who commanded at the Onis Pado, or Bishop's Palace, Gen. Ortigal, Col. Marino, and others. While drinking with these gentlemen upon this occasion, Gen. Ortiga [sic] gave the following toast, at whose pronouns, we and our, I could not help but smile. He said, "I drink to the perpetnal peace of the two Republics, and may we hereafter ever be as brothers joined in one cause, and let us show to foreign nations the greatness of our power, which the valor of our arms shall teach all europe that we can defy them." Thatday a great portion of the Mexican cavalry and infantry marched out of the city, and they continued to leave in detachments throughout the week, with a great flourish of drums and trumpets. You may form a very good idea of their music by comparing it with the beating of a [...] kettle by some noisy urchin, which you occasionally see in the streets, to the [...] of some auctioneer's drum. It was a sight indeed to have seen the Mexican soldiery marching out of the city; a set of weak and diminutive creatures, dressed up in a tawdry uniform of blue and red, without shoes, having only sandals to their feet, and seeming scarcely able to support the knapsacks on their backs, while the officers who commanded them had more of the look and appearance of slave-drivers than of military men. And when our men and officers saw it was with such as these they had had to do, their lips curled with the scorn of pity and [...]. - While one of their regiments were marching out of the city, in passing by the Texan camp of Rangers, a captain of their infantry saw one of our horses tied to a stake near the road, and seeing no one near, stole the horse and rode off at a rapid rate, but was soon followed by our men, on the discovery, and was overtaken, and the horse brought back. On informing the Mexican Colonel of what had occured, the officer, or horse-thief, was immediately arrested and his sword taken from him. I had occasion to go on a matter of business with several of our officers, to call on Gen. Ampudia; we found his quarters finely furnished, his tables loaded with fruit, wine and cigars; while in an adjoining apartment , were seen several women gaudily dressed. On our presentation to him he merely bowed, standing with his hands in his breeches, with a white jacketon, and an unlit cigar in his mouth, and asked what we wanted, without even extending to us the courtesy of a seat, much less to partake of the viands on his sumptuous table. He is a large man of fullsix feet, inclined to corpulency with little shrewed, cunning black eyes, indicative of deceit, intrigue and libertinism; he wore am imperial, with a tuft of beard on his chin. There was nothing in his manners prepossessing or pleasing, but, on the contrary, you become disgusted with the man, and feel he is a villain, a tryant, and a coward. And this great Mexican General, I am confidently told, was once a common drayman in the streets of Havana.
If it were possibl, I should be glad to send you a particular report of
the fight on Gen. Taylor's side of the town, but not having been there, I
cannot give you any further particulars than I sent you in my last; but you
will soon be furnished with an official report of the whole affair, as the
different returns of the commanding officers are nearly finished. The Mississippians
have covered themselves with glory, and Gen. Quitman, who commanded the brigade,
has added to his reputation of a statesman and noble hearted gentlemen, that
of a brave soldier and a gallant and talented military cheiftain. Gen. McClung
also, who fell wounded in taking the first fort, on the Taylor side, at the
time of receiving the award of the commanding Mexican officer, is doing well,
and has won a name which his former character well sustained. I must not
forget to mention an act of high souled magnanimity and bravery on the part
of Lieut. George Deas, the Ajutant of the Fifth Regiment of the U.S. Infantry,
which came under my observation. On the day of the 21st, when we ha been
ordered to storm the first hill, which I have before described, and while
we were rushing on to take the second battery, which was done by the Fifth
and the Rangers, the Sergeant-Major of that regiment received a severe wound
in the jaw, by a cannister shot, and fell by the side of Adjutant Deas, who
was also knocked down by the concussion, and under a galling fire of grape
and cannister he carried the wounded soldier to a place of security, and
then with the proud feelings of his noble daring, rushed on to the taking
of the battery.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 10, 1846 RW46v23i90p1c6 Later from Monterey
The streamship Palmetto, Lewis arrived last night, in 36 hours from Galveston. Among the passengers were Dr. Conrad and Lieut. Nichols, U.S.A.; Lieuts. Dorfendorf, Price, (reported dead,) South and Smedes, of the Mississippi volunteers, and lieut. Read, of the Texas Rangers, with 41 volunteers. The vessels left at Galveston were the ship Star Republic for New York; bark Bostonian, for Thomaston; brigs Jenkins, of Southport, and Martha Sanger; Bremen, brig Napoleon; do. Mary, for New York, brig Damascurs, for Mobile; schrs. Sea Nymph, of Southport; Telemache, of Hallowell; Ellenor Stevens, New York; five brigs unknown; the steamship McKim, and steamschooner Florida, both for New Orleans. The McKim was from Brazos Santiago, and was to leave Galveston for this port on the 28th (Wednesday.) The steam schooner Florida was eleven days from Brazos Santiago with three hundred discharged volunteers. She put into Galveston of the 25th short of provisions and water, and was to leave again for this port on the 28th inst.
There is not much news from the Army. Lieut. Price, whose death has been announced in Mississippi papers and our own, is, thank God, alive, and now at the St. Charles Hotel, in this city. From some of the officers of the U.S. Army, who came passengers on the Palmetto, and who left Monterey on the 11th inst, we learn that the first Government Express, ordering Gen. Taylor to carry on the war with renewed energy, in consequence of the refusal of Mexico to negotiate, was within a few miles of Monterey, and would reach that point the next day.
The health of the troops at Monterey was much better than it had been on the Rio Grande.
The fortifications in the city was garrisoned by the regular troops.
Gen. Taylor's camp was about three miles this side of Monterey.
The last accounts from Gen. Ampudia and his army left them beyond Saltillo on their march toward San Luis POtosi, at which point it was rumored that Santa Anna had arrived at the head of thirteen thousand, and daily expecting reinforcements.
The Georgia Regiments was the only reinforcement which had reached Monterey at the time our informants left. Orders had been received, it was understood, by the other Regiments stationed on the Rio Grande, to move towards Head-Quarters. The Kentucky and Tennessee mounted Regiments had not yet reached Matamoros.
The people of Monterey who had left about the time of the seige, were gradually returning. They had begun to exhibited friendly feelings towards the Americans, interchanges of visits not being rare among both parties.
There had been affrays between the citizens of Monterey and Texas Rangers, which resulted, first, in the assassination of a Texan Volunteer, and then, by way of revenge, in the killing of eleven Mexicans by the comrades of the slain. General Taylor, to prevent similar recurrences had ordered an efficient guard to be distributed through the city.
Lieut. Col. McClung was rapidly recovering from the effects of his wounds. One of the officers of his Regiment informs us that the gallant Colonel was the first man that showed himself on the first Fort stormed by Gen. Taylor's Division and that he received his wounds whilst waving his sword aloft and cheering on his men, shouting "Victory" The musket ball struck him on his left hand whilst holding his scabbard and entering his abdomen, fracturing in its course, the bone above the hip joint.
We feel bound to state further from the evidence furnished us, that Gen. Taylor's coolness and sound judgement throughout the terrible three days was remarked by every one engaged, and that his intrepidity was such, he being in the thickest of the fight and always where the balls fell fastest, that his escape was deemed miraculous. He still preserves the same noble feelings, and stands ready to go where his Government may order him, or the services of his country may call him, whether at the head of five or twenty thousand men.
We are gatified to be able to state that the duels which were on the tapis at Camargo between col. Balie Peyton and Gen. Marshall, and also between Capt. Musson, of this city and Capt. Cheevess, of the Texas Volunteers, have all been amicably arranged.
Gen. Ampudia has issued another proclamation since his retreat from Monterey,
calling upon the Mexicans to flock to his standard to repel the invaders
of their soil. His excuse, in the proclamation, for defeat at Monterey, and
the surrender of that city to our troops, is A WANT OF AMMUNITION. The utter
falsity of this statement is well known, for any quantity of ammunition was
found at Monterey after the capitulation.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 10, 1846 RW46v23i90p4c4 Late from Havana
The brig. P. Soule, Capt. Delvailie, arrived yesterday evening from Havana, having left there early the morning of the 26th October. Ten of the crew belonging to the barque Madeline and schooner Planet, totally wrecked in the harbour of Havana, came over on the brig.
She brings us full files of the papers, and they are crowded with details relating to the hurricane and the destruction caused by it. The loss is absolutely incalculable. About fifty lives were lost. One house was blown down under which eleven persons were overwhelmed and killed. The harbour was strewn with wrecks, and most of the vessels left afloat were dismasted. Not a house in the city escaped damage to some extent, while many were completely razed and their occupants suffered in the ruins. The destruction far surpasses that caused by the hurricane of October, 1844.
We find a list of those buried at the General Cemetery in the course of the 12th ult. It contains 47 names. - From this one may judge of the destruction of life. Four more were buried at the same place the following day, and two more on the 14th.
The storm commenced between 10 and 11 o'clock the night of the 10th of October, and continured gradually to increase; and till 9 or 10 o'clock in the morning of the 11th when the hurricane was at its height. The rain fell in torrents during the gale. The houses outside the wall's being alighter than those in the city proper, suffered the most severely. The ward San Lazaro appears to have been ruined, almost every house being prostrated, and the waters of the sea being driven up into the houses by the violence of the wind. We have a long enumeration of the injuries in the different wards of the city, but as the localities are known to but very few of our readers, we shall not enter upon the details. The papers make vain efforts to estimate the losses, but give it up in despair.
The Captain-General and other principal authorities of the Island distinguished themselves by their efforts to maintain order and tranquillity, and after the hurricane was over they were equally prompt to come to the rescue of the afflicted. Subscriptions were at once opened for the relief of the sufferers, Gen. O'Donnell besiding the list with 500 dollars, and other officers contributing as liberally. the various benevolent societies took prompt measures to succor the distressed. The officers of the different wards were required to give immediate notice of any urgent cases of distress within their limits, that the Government might promptly afford relief. Individual instances of courageous benevolence are promulgated in the papers, and we hardly need say that the ladies of the city were the first to cheer the despairing and minister to the wounded. Various mitigations of existing regulations in the city were made promptly by Gen. O'Donnell, and the energies of all directed to the speediest reparation of the evils suffered.
The authories of the Island, in order to faciliate the replacin of the smaller class of vessels engaged in the coasting and fruit trade, which was lost or disabled in the hurricane, have so far suspended the existing ordinances as to allow the owners of such vessels to buy foreign vessels to supply the places of hose lost - the owners being only required to prove the former existence of the vessel lost or disabled, and the fact of its loss in the late hurricane.
We find several anecdotes related, showing acts of gallantry in rescuing crews of vessels. The crew of the American ship Rapid were thus saved by the boats of the Belgian ship Anversois; but w have neither time nor room for such particulars to-day.
The Havana editors give great thanks that the sugar cane has suffered severely less by this hurricane than that of 1844, although very much injured.
The accounts from Matanzas give a general description of the destruction sustained there. All the vessels in port suffered severely, and there is a long list of injuries to the houses of the town. The newspapers were able to issue only slips, as the printers were unable to leave their families in the general distress. The American bark Ranger, from Portland, the bark Nichol Brown, last from Havana, and the schooner Gen. Warren, from Philadelphia, were stranded and in a bad state. The brigs Neptune and North Bend, of Frankfort, Porto Rico, of Boston, Merlin, last from Havana, and Old Colony, from Portland, and Nassau, were all aground. The injury done to coasting vessels was yet more extensive. The country about presents a sad aspect. The cane suffered as severely as in 1844, and the plantations were destroyed.
Guines suffered to a considerable extent. Several public buildings were destroyed, as were many private houses, and those left standing had their roofs blown off. Considerable loss of life, too, occured in this town. The same general account will apply to the villages of Santa Maria del Rosario, San Antonio, Santiago. At Mariel, besides the houses blown down, six schooners were lost at the wharvos and another in the bay, two only of the crew of the latter being saved.
Official accounts from Cardenas represent that in Guasimas, Lagunillas and Cimarrones the plantain trees were prostrated, but the crop would not be lost, but only kept back; a fifth or sixth part of the coffee crop would be lost, while the cane was even less injured. The whole Department, if that be the name of the territorial division, had suffered little. Not a personal accident had occured.
The editors of the Diario de la Marino have advices from Cuba to the 12th, from Puerto Principe to the 14th, from Trinidad to the 15th, from Santi Spiritus to the 16th and from Cienfuegos to the 17th of October. From all these points the accounts in regard to the gale were highly satifactory. The injury done by the hurricane is said to be comparatively insignificant; at some points nothing is said of the gale. At Sagua la Grande the gale was scarcely felt.
But we do not propose to follow the Havana papers into a tithe of their
details. We could readily fill several numbers of our paper with them. We
have written enough to give a general idea of the ravages of the gale. Besides,
the Havana papers have not given us a comprehensive picture of their losses,
but an infinity of particulars. The other news from the island is of little
moment and may be speedily disposed of.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 10, 1846 RW46v23i90p5c2 Marine Intelligence
Port of Richmond
High Water this day at 7 1/2 o'clock, A.M.
Arrived, Sunday, 8th Nov.
Schr. Levenlsk, Spiney, Philadelphia.
Schr. Americus, Wheeler, Baltimore.
Sailed.
Schr. Ludependence, Kerwan, Norfolk.
Schr. Iowa, Travera, Baltimore.
Cleared.
Brig. Keying, Liverpool, with tobacco, by C. Palmer. [AMB]
Tuesday, November 10, 1846 RW46v23i90p5c1 The President and Santa Anna
If, as a French politician remarked, "a blunder is worse than a crime," in affairs of State, Mr. Polk cannot escape either self-mortificaion or public censure, if it shall hereafter appear, as it is now believed, that Santa Anna was induced to leave his place of exile by the previous pledge of Mr. Polk's secret agent that no impediment would be offered by the blockading squadron to his return to Mexico. For, although Santa Anna, in turn, may have given assurance to Mr. Polk of his desire and willingness, for an adequate consideration, (say two millions of dollars,) to exert his influence to put an end to the war, on conditions satisfactory to the American Government, there are at least two grave objections to the arrangement that ought to have been an insuperable barrier to its consummation. In the first place, the whole previous history of Santa Anna, and especially his course towards the people of Texas, who had generously spared his forfeited life, proves that he is faithless and perfidious; and the zeal with which he has co-operated, since his return to Mexico, in measures of vigorous resistance to the American armies, after having virtually rejected a proposition for the renewal of negotiations tendered by our Government to that of Mexico, with view to the termination of the conflict, is therefore characteristic of the man, and ought to have been anticipated by Mr. Polk and his advisers. Fortunately, that part of the supposed bargain between the high contracting parties, which, it is conjectured, required the payment of two millions of dollars to Santa Anna, as the price of his acquiescence in the plans of Mr. Polk, failed by the loss of the famous "two million bill" the reasons for the demand of which sum by the Executive, discreetly withheld at the time it was made, will, we presume, be required by Congress at its next session. And this feature of the transaction suggests the second and more important objection to the secret treaty supposed to have been made between the parties. For, while it would have been entirely compatible with the national honor to have avoided the war in which we are now engaged, by making an equitable compensation to Mexico for the transfer to the United States of such portions of her territory as our Government might have desired to obtain, either for the purpose of "rounding off our frontier" on the Texas boundary line, or of securing the fine ports and harbours on the Pacific coast, we hold that that [sic] honor is in no small degree compromitted, now that the war is in progress, by efforts to obtain a peace by a secret intrigue with an expled President, whose assent to the conditions proposed was to be obtained by a peace by a magnificent douceur. It is, indeed, not improbable, that the inability of Mr. Polk to fulfill the pecuniary part of his contract with Santa Anna, consequent upon the loss of the two million-bill, may have induced Santa Anna, after his return to Mexico, tochange his line of policy, and to fall in with the excited tone of public sentiment against the United States, rather than run the hazard of stemming its fury. But even if this be the fact, and if it be farther probable that his personal popularity might have enabled him to revolutionize public opinion, and to induce his fellow-citizens to assent to the terms of the secret arrangement, we should nevertheless rejoice at the discomfiture of a project, involving so serious a rellection upon the character of our own country.
These remarks are made on the presumption that an understanding did exist between Mr. Polk and Mexican Ex-President - a presumption justified by the circumstances of the case, as well as by the ominious silence of the Executive Organ and the Adminstration presses in reqard to the permission, given, by some competent authority, Santa Anna, to pass the blockading squadron, and to land Vera Cruz. We hope soon to see this silence broken. Public opinion requires an explanation of this extraordinary circumstance - and the Adminstration cannot avoid the necessity, however disagreeable and mortifying it may be, of giving it. This remarkable event has attracted attention abroad as well as at home, as we learn by the following paragraph from the Alexandria Gazette:
"We learned, a day or two since, in conversation with a gentleman recently returned from Europe, that the greatest surprise was manifested in private circles in England, by the most intelligent and well-informed people, at the very extraordinary movement of our government in countenancing and permitting the return of Santa Anna and his officers to Mexico. "You Americans," was the common remark, "are certainly the strangest people on the face of the earth. You certainly display the most indomitable heroism and perseverance - you overcome obstacles that would seem almost insurmonntable - and yet you display the utmost lack of wisdom, nay, even of common sense, in the conduct of your war, with Mexico. You permit Santa Anna, a skillful general, a man of notoriously bad faith, without one single honorable trait in his character, crafty, cunning, deceitful, and your bitter enemy, to regain his country, unite a divided people, and lead an army, devoted to his interests, against you. This is a movement which no other nation on earth would have thought of, for a single moment. You permit Almonte, too, who from his long residence in your country, as probably the best informed of all his countrymen, of your condition and resources, as well as the disposition of your people, to return with Santa Anna, and, in all probability, assume the direction of the war department."
We repeat, that public opinion will demand of the Administration a satisfactory explanation of this remarkable movement. At no distant day, it must be given. That it will be made with reluctance, however, is manifest from the refusal heretofore of the champions of the Administration to allude to the subject, except in terms so general and indefinite as rather to puzzle than enlighten the public mind.
The following significant letter on the subject willl be read with interest:
Correspondence of the Baltimore Patriot.
WASHINGTON, NOV. 2d, 1846.
Is the Hon. John Slidell still the American Minister to Mexico, and does he continue to draw his salary of $9000 per annum as Minister? Who knows? Will any body answer?
Mr. Slidell has the reputation of being a shewd, keen man, who is not only wealthy, but fond of being more so. He is said to be fond of speculation. If he had succeeded on his mission to Mexico; if he had effected a treaty whereby the management of the Indemnity due by Mexico to claimants in the United States would fall into his hands, the probability is that he would have realized a magnificant sum of money. But the mission failed. He was not received, and came back to the United States. The war ensued. Who knows what influences Mr. slidell had in bringing it on? After awhile his brother, Capt. Slidell Macken[...] is deputed by our Government to proceed post haste to Havana, where he held an interview with Santa Anna and Almonte. What for? He next goes to vera Cruz. What for? Next he proceeds to the Army of Occupation, and holds an interview with Gen. Taylor. What for?
"Does not the sequed show what all this was for? The President sends, through the Secretary of State, a communication to the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Mexico, pro[...] of peace and good fellowship between the [...]. He also sends a message in great haste to [...] to have 2 millions of dollars placed at its [...] to enable him to effect a peace with Mexico. Santa Anna and Almonte leave Havana for Vera Cruz. They arrive at the latter place, which is blockaded by our squadron. The commander suffers them to pass in unmolested. Capt. Slided Mackenzie had been there before them. If they could get at the head of Mexican Affairs, they might assent [...] of peace; receive Mr. John Slided as Minister; and the latter might yet get the negotiations respecting California, and the Rio Grande, and Mexican indemnity mainly into his hands
But Santa Anna and Almonte proved teacherous. - They got into Vera Cruz and are now at the head of the Army and the Government of Mexico, swearing vengeance against the United StatesWho trusted them? He who would place confidence in them deserved to be betrayed. But was any portion of the two millions asked for, drawn [...]vance and paid to them or any one else concerned in the matter? Who can tell?
How stands the matter now? We are going to war upon Mexico more rigorously
than ever. WhyIs it not, in part, at least, because Santa Anna and Almonte
have broken their faith? Why were they trusted in the first place? Why was
confidence for one moment placed in them? The bones of the martyrs to freedom
against Mexican tyranny and Mexican butchery, who were slaughtered at the
Alamo and at Gohad, and of those who were shot in the Mier Expedition, ought
to have risen from their graves and stood in vasion before any American Administration
that would for one moment trust the cold-blooded tyrants.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p1c6 The News from Mexico
(From the Washington Union, Nov. 6.)
Despatches [sic] have been received from our squadron off Vera Cruz. Along with these letters, journals have been transmitted, from which the following extracts have been made. What a [...] people [...]. Before the battle, Ampudia boasted that we should be defeated. and not one of our troops would be left to taste of the [...] of the Rio Grande. And since the Mexicans were driven from Monterey, [...]. Private letters from Vera Cruz, however, appreciating the depth of the blow they have [..]tained - Monterey being considered one of the strongest places in the world, & c.
A few members of the Locomoter of Vera Cruz, is the 8th of October, inclusive, have been received at the Navy Department. The intelligence of the capture of Monterey is copied from other papers, with few comments.
The following is the proclamation of Gen. Salas, the acting president, to the people of Mexico, [...] the loss of Monterey:
MexicansA government established against the will of the nation is interested in concealing from it events which are disastrous to it; above all, when the responsiblity of their occurence [...] fall upon the government. A government whose sentiments and interests are no other than theme of the nation, and which has emanated from the movement by which it threw off its [...], has no need to [...] anything from it, for the nation itself must combat for its preservation and its its honor.
MexicansMonterey has fallen. It was not enough to defy death, as our valiant fellow countrymen did for four days, it was necessary to do more, to defy want in every shape, and the insufficiency of means of re[...]. The intention of the enemy to occupy the whole republic in manifest; but the government is determined to triumph or parish with the republic. (The rest of the article is illegable.) [AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p1c3 The Sufferings of the Soldiers
A volunteer in the Kentucky regiment (Robert Hardin) writing to his father, after the battle of Monterey gives an account of the three days' fighting. He says:
On Monday night the Mexicans were in high spirits.- They had lost but a few men. All night they threw up sky rockets. At night the firing ceased. The left wing of the Kentucky regiment, to which I am attached, were marched into the fort taken by us to hold it during the night. As we moved in, we were in point blank shot of one battery, and raked on our right by another. They both belched fire the whole time we were marching in, a distance of one mile. Such a night as I spent that night, I hope never to spend again. We had eaten nothing since day light. - We had no shelter - no food - no fire. We laid down in the mire and blood, among the dead men and horses, and a cold rain fell on us all night. I had no coat on, having gone into the tight in m shirt sleeves.
I never heard balls whistle before. Two cannon balls passed within two feet of me, and many more withi a short distance. As we left the fort on Tuesday evening, which we had been holding as stated before through Monday night, we were ordered to scatter, as the best means of protection against two batteries which ranked our line. I had got away from the company about 50 yards to myself when a whole load of grape shot were discharged at me alone. I heard the shot, and stooped in the bushes, when on both sides and above me the shot fell like hail. We lost three of our men with these tires this morning.
The dead were awful sights to look upon - same shot with cannon balls,
and some with small shot - some with their heads shot off - some with their
legs off - some with their bowels scattered on the ground. We had no time
until yesterday to bury the dead. The heavens were full of carrios birds,
and the air with stench. I have not time to write large - am in fine health,
unhurt, without a scratch, for which I am truly thankful.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p1c3 The Rancheros
These constitute a principal portion of the Mexican Army. Rowan Hardin, of Ky, (who is in the Army in Mexico) writes to his father as follows -
The Rancheros are the people who live on farms. They are poor soldiers.
By the laws of their government they are not allowed to have arms at home,
and consequently do not understand the use of them. These people are not
cowardly, but unskilled in the use of arms and without confidence in their
rulers. Gen. Taylor esteems them a brave people; but they are not effective
in battle because of their ignorance of the use of arms. Their defeat by
Gen. Taylor on the Rio Grande, with such odds in their favor, has destroyed
all confidence in themselves and they fight with no other expectation than
to be whipped, but let this war last 12 months longer, and rest assured,
they will prove an enemy no longer to be despised.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p1c4 Operation of Captain Fremont
In Upper California.
(From the Washington Union.)
Letter from Senator Benton to the President.
SIR: In the absence of official information on the subject of Lieutenant Colonel [...] Captain Fremont's operations in Upper California, I deem it my duty to lay before you the private letters that I have received from that officer, for the purpose of showing you his actual position at the latest dates ; the unwilling manner in which he became involved in hostilities with the Mexican authorities of that province, before he had heard of the war with Mexico; and especially to disprove the accusation, officially against him by Governor Castro, of having come into California with a body of united States troops, under the pretext of a scientific expedition, but in reality to excite the American settled in that province to an insurrection against the Mexican government. This accusation is of the gravest character, most seriously implicating the good faith and honor of our government, and officially made by Governor Castro in a despatch [sic] to the minister of war and marine, under [...] of the first of April last, and published in EL Monitor [...] publicano, in the city of Mexico, by the other of the [...] government , on the 10th of May last. A copy [...] paper was sent in Mrs. Fremont, my daughter, by [...] . mr. Slidell, and an English translation of it is the [...] presented.
When Capt. Fremont left the United States to complete his scientific labors beyond the Rocky mountains, it was with a full knowledge of the political as well as personel difficulties of the enterprise. He knew that the relations of the U. States were [...] both with Mexico and Great Britain - that he was going through the territories of the [...], and among the settlements of the other - that jealousy would attach to his movements, and all his acts he referred to his government; - and he was perfectly determined to use the utmost circumspertion to all his conduct, confining himself wholly to his scientific pursuits, and carefully avoiding as well the appearance as the reality of either a political or military missions. With this view, and after having traversed the [...] and crossed the Great Basin which lies between the Rocky mountins and the Sierre Nevada of the Alta California, he left men upon the frontier, an hundred miles from Monterey, and went alone to that city to explain his object and wishes in person to Gov. Castro. he did this in the most formal and official manner, in company with the United States consul, Mr. O'Larkin, (at whose house he stopped,) and conforming to the whole detail of Spanish ceremonial, he not only called on the governor, but also on the perfect and the aloaide. The interview was entirely satifactory. To the governor's remark that he was bringing a considerable body of United States troops with him, Capt. F. answered that it was not security against Indians, and killing game - that he was not even a officer of the line, but of Topographical Engineers and that he was seeing a new route (among the objects of science) to the mouth of the Columbia, upon a line further south than the present traveling route, and which had brought him through the unsettled parts of the Upper California; and that he now wished to winter in the valley of the San Josquin, where there was game for his men, and grass for his horses. To this the governor agreed; and Capt. Fremont left Monterey to bring his men to the beautiful valley which he had explored in his previous expedition, and to which both himself and his men looked forward, as to a paradise of repose and refreshment, after their toilsome and perilous march of three thousand miles among savage tribes, and through wilderness and desert countries.
Scarcely had he arrived in this valley, when information began to reach him from all quarters that the governor was raising the province against him and coming upon him with troops of all arms - calvary, artillery, and infantry - and that his situation was most critical and dangerous. The consul sent a special messenger to warn him of his danger; the American settlers below offered to join him; but he utterly refused their assistance, because he would not compromise them. But he did what honor and self-preservation required, and what the courage and fidelity of his men enthusiastically seconded; he took a position, and waited the approach of the assailants; and that position was nearer to them, on the summit of the Sierra, overlooking Monterey, at thirty miles distance, and whence, with their glasses, they could plainly see the troops, with their artillery, which had crossed the bay (of Monterey) to San Juan, on their way to attack him. The governor, with these troops, and with all his threats, after coming towards the camp on the Sierra, did not come to it; and Captain Fremont, faithful to his design to avoid collision, if possible, finding himself not attacked, determined to retire, and proceed to Oregon, on his intended route of the valley of the San Joaquin, and commenced his march by slow and easy stages, of four and six miles a day, towards Oregon.
It is of this encampment on the Sierra that Governor Castro makes particular complaint in his despatch [sic] to the Minister of War and Marine, as an evidence of hostile intentions, and where the American flag was raised, a fortification built and the American settlers called in for its defence. Unhappily we have no letter from Capt. Freemont [sic] detailing the events of these days; but the want of such a letter is well supplied by the official communications from the American consul at Monterey to our Secretary of State, and by Capt. Freemont's [sic] brief note to the consul, (written in pencil,) while expecting the attack of Gov. Castro, and which has been [...] published in our papers. mr. Buchanan furnished us, as soon as they were received, with copies of these despatches [sic], which are herewith laid before you, and from which it will be seen that Gov. Castro's accusations against Capt. Freemont [sic] are entirely unfounded - that so far from having excited the Americans to revolt, he absolutely refused to receive those who offered to join him[sic] and , more, that when after leaving this position, and granting discharges to five or six men, he refused to fill their places from the men in the country[sic] so determined was he to avoid as well in appearance, as in fact, the smallest act offensive or injurious to the Mexican authorities. The same correspondence shows the entire falsehood of all the superlative gasconade which Governor Castro put into his official report about the spoils of the camp - the dispersion of Fremont and his men - their flight into the bulrushes, and through the desert - his suffocation in the cradle of a dangerous conspiracy, & c., with all which imaginary exploits his official despatch [sic] was filled, while Fremont with sixty-two men and two hundred horses, were slowly retiring in a body almost in his view, and utterly abstaining from any act of offence to the province or its authorities. It was no doubtthis false report to his government, and the ridicule he incurred by it in California, that led to his subsequent operations in May to exterminate Fremont's party and all the American settlers on the Sacramento.
On return from the evacutated camp on the Sierra, the governor also put forth a proclamation, in the vein of his report, and even worse, styling Fremont and his men a band of highway robbers, plundering the people & c., which accusation of plundering the consul took the trouble to investigate, and found to be a very trivial offence of manners (not of law or morals) which the injured party valued a five dollars, and for which Capt. Fremont gave ten. For the rest, the consul, after all this, declares the inhabitants of the country to be well pleased with Capt. Fremont, and that he might walk the streets of Monterey the next day alone, if he chose. The only truth in Govenor Castro's despatch [sic] is, that Captain Fremont took a military position, entrenched it, and raised the American flag; but these events were the consequence, and not the cause of Gov. Castro's movement against him; and this is fully shown in that brief, heroic note, written in pencil, in answer to the consul's warning, in which Capt. Fremont, after refusing the aid of the American settlers, declared for himself and his sixty-two men that they had done nothing wrong to the authorities or the people of the country - that if attacked they would defend themselves, and die to the last man under the flag of their country, and leave it to their country to avenge their deaths. All they did was in self-defence. - The flag was raised, not as a standard of insurrection, or as a sign of contempt to the Mexican government, but as the American symbol of honor and patriotism, which was entitled to respect from others - to denfence from them - and which they had displayed in that hour of danger as a warning to the approaching assailants - as a bond of union and devotion among themselves - and as an appeal and invocation (if they should be destroyed) to the avenging spirit of their far distant country. To my mind, this entrenching on the mountain, and raising the national flag, was entirely justifiable under the circumstances of the case; and the noble resolution which they took (refusing the aid of their countrymen) to die if attacked under the flag of their country, four thousand miles distant from their homes, was an [...] of the highest heroism, worthy to be recorded by Xenophon, and reflecting equal honor upon the brave young officer who commanded and the heroic sixty-two by whom he was supported.
The first letter that we received from Captain Fremont after his withdrawal from the Sierra, and from the valley of the Sad Juan, is dated the first day of April in latitude 40, on the Sacramento river; and, though written merely to inform Mrs. Fremont of his personal concerns, becomes important in a public point of view on account of subsequent events in June and July, by showing that on the first of April he was on his way to oregon - that he had abandoned all intention of returning through any part of California - would cross the Rocky mountains through the Northern Pass on the line between the Upper, or Kettle Falls of the Columbia, and the Great Falls of the Missouri - and be in the United States in September. This shows that he had, at that time, no idea of the events in which he was subsequently involved, and that he had abandoned the cherished field of his intended scientific researches for the express purpose of avoiding all offence to the Mexican authorities. Ofthe events in the valley of the San Joaquin and the camp on the Sierra, he speaks a few words, without detail, but descriptive of his condition, characteristic of his prudence in not compromising his country, and worthy to be repeated in his own language. He says: "The Spaniards were somewhat rude and inhospitable below, and ordered me out of the country after having given me permission to winter there. My sense of duty did not permit me to fight them, but we retired slowly and growlingly before a force of three or four hundred men, and three pieces of artillery. Without the shadow of a cause the governor suddenly raised the whole country against me, issuing a false and compromise the United States, against which appearances would have been strong; but though it was in my power to increase my party by Americans, I refrained from committing a solitary act of hostility or impropriety." His next letter is dated the 14th of May, and informs me that, in his progress to Oregon, he found himself and party unexpectedly attacked by the Tlamath Indians - the most warlike of that quarter - had lost five men in killed and wounded - and still expected to be in the United States in the month of September.
This was the last letter received from Captain Fremont until the one of July 26th, from Monterey, of the Pacific ocean, and brought in by Commodore Sloat. the events which brought him back you have learned from that commodore but the [...] which led to these events are necessary to be known for the justification of Capt. Fremont; for, although actually justified by the existence of this war, with Mexico, yet he knew nothing of the war when these events took place; and though knowing of it when he wrote, yet he would not avail himself of his subsequent knowledge to justify previous [...], and therefore chose to rest every thing upon the state of facts, as he saw them when he revolved and acted. These causes, and the events to which they led, are rapidly sketched by him in this, his last letter; and while the whole letter is here with submitted to you, yet; for your [...], I collect its substance into the [...] and lay it before you. The substance in this: At the middle of May, Capt. Fremont, in pursuance of his design to reach Gregon, and return by the Columbia and Missouri through the Northern Pass in the Rocky Mountains, had arrived at the Tlamath Lake, in the edge of the Oregon Territory, when he found his father progress completely baited by the double obstacle of hostile Indians, which Castro had excited against him, and the lofty mountains, convenid with deep and falling snows, which made the middle of May in that elevated region the same as the middle of winter. These were the difficulties and dangers in front. Behind, and on the north bank of the San Francisco Bay, at the military post of Sonoma, was Gen. Castro, [...] troops with the avowed intention of attacking both Fremont's party, and all the American settlers, against whom the Indians had been already excited. This, his passage barried in front by impossible snows and mountains, hemmed in by savage Indians, who were thinning the ranks of his little party - meaaced [sic] by a general at the head of tenfold forces of all arms - the American settlers in California marked out for destruction on a false accousation of moditating a revolt under his instigation - his men and horses suffering from fatigue, cold, and famine - and after the most [...] deliberation upon all the dangers of his his position, and upon all the responsibilities of his conduct, Captain Fremont determined to turn upon his [...] and fight them instantly, without regard to numbers, and is [...] saftey for his party and the American settlers, by [...] that Mexican government in California. It was [...] and, the resolution being once taken, all half-way measures were discarded, and a rapid execution of the plan was commenced. On the 11th of June a supply of two hundred horses for Castro's troops, on the way to his camp, conducted by an officer and fourteen men, were surprised at daylight, and the whole captured - the men and officers being released, and the horses retained for American use (the point of rendezvous, and intended headquarters) was surprised and taken, with nine pieces of brass cannon; two hundred and fifty stand of muskets, other arms and ammunition, with several superior officers, General Vallejo, (Val-ya-ho,) his brother, Captain Vallejo, Colonel Greuxdon, and others; all of whom were detained and confined as prisoners. Captain Fremont then repaired to the American settlements on the Rio de los Americans to obtain assistance; and receiving an express from his little garrison of fourteen in Sonoma that General Castro was preparing to cross the bay of San Francisco and attack them with a large force, he sat out in the afternoon of the twenty-third of June with ninety mounted riflemen, and traveling day and night, arrived at 2 o'clock in the morning of the 25th at Sonoma - eighty miles distance. The vanguard of Castro's force had crossed the bay - a squadron of seventy dragoons, commanded by de la Torre barely escaping with the loss of his transport boats, and spiking six pieces of artillery. In the mean time, two of Capt. Fremont's men, going as an express, were captured by d [ . . . ]
Very respectfully, sir, your friend and fellow-citizen,
THOMAS H. BENTON.
Washington, Nov. 9 1846.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p2c1 The Mexican War
The Washington correspondent of the New York Heraid, speaking of the peremptory order said to have been given to Gen. Taylor to resume active operations by marching on towards Saltillo, says: "We understand the War Department has rescinded that order, and given Gen. Taylor instructions to concentrate the scattered forces within his command, and to await at Monterey further instructions." This statement derives confirmation from the subjoined extract from a letter from a Washington correspondent of the New York Journal of Commerce , whose access to authentic sources of information has been often remarked. He writes:
"There will be no expensive movements - no energetic movements, made before the meeting of Congress. The Mexican Congress may court a peace, and thus relieve our government from the necessity of acting further in the matter; and, if not, the whole responsibility of further action will be thrown upon Congress.
I believe that the question of peace has been agitated - that the government desires peace and intends to have it, at any price - and that its warlike energies are to rest until it can be found whether peace or war is the final determination of Mexico.
This is the opinion of many others. The operations in the Gulf of Mexico, so long talked of, are transferred to the moon. Ditto of the Tampican expedition. Ditto of the march to the halls of the Montezums. Dito of the march of General Kearney and the greasy tallow candles and the Virgin Mary to Saltillo. Ditto of the alleged orders to General Wool to join Taylor at Saltillo. Ditto of the fable of General Patterson's enterprises. Ditto of all the stuff, in and out of the "Union," about the energies and objects of this governement."
It is very evident that Mr. Polk's estimate of the dispouition and capacity
of the Mexican nation to meet the shock of war was as erroneous as was his
opinion of the facility with which, by assuming a swaggering attitude, he
could compel Johu Bull to relinquish the "whole of Oregon." We do not ensure
him, of course, for falling into an error in regard to the weakness and timidity
of the Mexican people, which was unfortunately too common among our countrymen,
and which induced the Official Editor to promise to the country, in substance
if not in express terms, that the American General would eat his Christmas
dinner in the city of mexico, and which led to so much silly ballerdish about
"reveling in the halls of Montezuma." The victory of San Jacinto, one of
the most remarkable certainly on record, when the overwhelming superiority
of the defeated force in point of numbers is considered, unfortunately contributed
to strengthen and diffuse this erroneous estimate of the Mexican character;
and consequently, after that brilliant (but we cannot help thinking accidental)
triumph, the impression became universal that Texas, single-handed, or with
such aid as she might be enabled to obtain from bands of armed emigrants
from the United States, could without difficulty achieve the conquest of
the Reput lie from which she had just seceded. Yet nothing is new, more certain
than that her resources, both in men and in the material of war, would have
been ridiculously inadequate to the enterprize, which has tasked thus far
all the energy, skill and courage of the United States, and which, so confident
are we of the ability of almost any nation, when united against an invader,
to maintain its independence, will continue to grow more and more desperate
as our armies shall recede farther and farther from our frontier. We repeat,
that we do not complain that Mr.Polk so readily fell into an opinion of Mexica
imbecility and cowardice, at that time so universal; although we think it
will now be conceded, that, to act upon that opinion, by seizing upon and
occupying with an armed force, a territory, which, if it did not belong to
Mexico, was admitted by himself to be in dispute between that country and
Texas, and thereby to involve that nation, without the consent of Congress,
in a bloody and expensive war, was a grave BLUNDER, the serious consequences
of which are perhaps as much to be depredated as the violation of the Constitution
which it presupposes. We are firmly persuaded, that, had Mr. Polk foreseen
the consequences of his order to Gen. Taylor to march to the Rio Grande,
that order would never have given. He believed that the valley of the Rio
Grande might be secured by this movement, without opposition from the Mexican
troops, and probably without compensation to the Mexican Government. Acting
upon the popular belief of the inefficiency of the Mexican troops, and sumulated
perhaps by the distracted condition of that country and the instability of
her institutions, he thought he might safely seize the territory in dispute,
and leave it to subsequent negotiation to settle the price of its final relinquishment.
The prompt resistance made to this attempt, though unsuccessful, and the
obstinacy with which our army has been on every subsequent occasion encountered
by the Mexicans, have opened the eyes of the Government to the difficulties
of the task it has undertaken, and which, until very recently, it had believed
might be so easily accomplished. We are not surprised, therefore, to see
it intimated that the President is now solicitous for the speedy restoration
of peace, and that, instead of promised by his Organ, he has resolved to
remain in statuquo until the meeting of Congress, doubtless with
the hope that that body may be able to extricate him, as it did from the
embarrassments in which his want of sagacity and prudence involved him on
the Oregon question, from the new dilemma in which he has been involved by
his rash and unstatesmanlike proceedings. We sincerely hope that he may not
be disappointed, if this be his purpos We are aware that the expression
of this opinion may subject us to harsh criticism from those who choose to
confound the ADMINISTRATION with the COUNTRY - than which, unfortunately,
as other measures of the government, besides the Mexican war, show, no two
things may be rendered more distinct, and even antagonistical. In condemning
the policy of the one - whether that policy be one of aggression upon Mexico
for its own advantage, or upon American labor for the benefit of foreigners
- we do not abate one jot or title of our devotion to the other. That very
devotion, indeed, induces us to regret the existence of a war, in which the
blood and treasure of the nation are poured out like water, for an object
which might have been for more easily attained without the sacrifice of a
human life or the expenditure of a fourth of the money which will be necessary
to maintain our armies in the field. It is because we desire to see the Country
presperous and the Constitution unimpaired, that we condemn the foreign as
well as the domestic policy of an Administration, which, whatever be the
motives by which it has been influenced, has, in our opinion, aimed a deadly
blow at both.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p2c6 Marine Intelligence
Port of Richmond.
High Water this day at 11 o'clock, A.M.
ARRIVED.
Brig. Francis, Cobb, Portland.
Schr. Joy, Bartlett, Boston.
do. Jubiles, Scrimizer, Petersburg.
SAILED.
do. Patrick Henry, Chester, New York.
do. Richard Thompson, Corson, West Point.
do. Julia, Hill, Boston.
do. Rochester, Bingham, New York.
do. Pennsylvania, Nash, Alexandria.
do. Wm. Applegarth, Kent, Baltimore.
do. Pinta, Brown, New York.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p2c5 The Gun-Cotton
Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 10, 1846.
This afternoon experiments were made in the office of the Secretary of War with a quantity of prepared cotton, brought by Mr. Robertson, our present consul to Breman, for the express purpose of securing a patient for the inventors, Messrs. Schoenbein & Buttger.
The whole cabinet - the President, General Scott, Col. Totten, and a variety of distinguished gentlemen were present, and the experiments succeeded beyond the most sanguine expectation.
The prepared cotton ignites more readily than powder, and its combustion is more perfect. A ball was fired with it from a common market, from the window of the War Department against the wall of the Navy Department, with immense force; an excavation of nearly the depth of an inch being produced in the wall, and the ball being completely flattened.
The day after tomorrow, the expansive faculty of the prepared cotton will be tried at the arsenal with the musket pendulum. I will undoubtedly suceeed, as a similar experiments have succeeded with it in Germany, Switzerland, and England.
Prepared cotton is nothing else than gunpowder in a purer state and more acceptable form. It contains precisely the same ingredients - carbon, sulphur, and nitre, and is manufactured with great ease, and may be preserved even for months in water. All that is necessary is to dry it before using it. - When the preparation is once made, twenty-four hours would suffice to prepare a sufficient quantity of cotton, just taken from the carding machine, to carry on our whole war with Mexico.
And yet the preparation is so simple, so clearly a scientific reduction of the known property of each ingredient part, that it is only a wonder that the same discovery has not been made years and years ago. The ventors being about to take out a patient, it would not be proper to say more on the subject now; in a few days (when the patient will be secured) all will be published, and then the process will be found so simple that every man may henceforth make his own gunpowder as he makes his own bread, or boils his own potatoes. [AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p3c1 Last Evening Mail
From the Camp at Monterey Nov. 11
It is stated in the last Washington Union that Gen. La Vega and other Mexican officers, taken prisoners in May last, have been exchanged for Capt. Carpender and the crew of the brig. Truxton. Orders have been consequently issued by Gen. Scott for the release of Gen. La Vega and his officers.
Last evening the War Department received despatches [sic] from General Taylor. They were written on the 6th, 11th, 12th, and 13th October. But the detailed official letters on the operations before Monterey did not accompany them - much delay having occurred in making out complete returns from the various subordinate commandors of the army. The despatches [sic] which were received last evening, are brief and comparatively unimportant in their character.
In his letter of the 6th of October, General Taylor states that he had mustered out of service the entire force of mounted Texas volunteers. One company of Texas foot volunteers, which has rendered excellent service in the campaign, was then on the march to Camargo there to be mustered out of service.
The General states, that a small force is to be stationed at Laredo on the east bank of the Rio Grande, for the purpose of protecting that frontier of country from Indian depredations, and enabling the government of Texas to extend its jurisdiction with more facility to the river. With the advice of Governor Henderson, he has authorized Gen. Lamar, ex-President of Texas, to raise a mounted company of eighty men for this service, for twelve months. -- As a very small force is now in service from the State of Texas, he trusts that this step will be approved by the department.
The 2d infantry, with some of the artillery companies left in the rear, and so additional volunteer force, has been ordered forward to Monterey, together with a heavy battery train.
No credible intelligence has been received from the interior at the date of this letter. Gen. Ampudia, at the last advices was at Saltillo, probably with the whole or greater part of his army, [But subsequent accounts, in private letters, report that Ampudia had retreated from Saltillo, and would make San Luis de Potosi his rallying point. He was expected to make a stand there, and perhaps to be joined by Santa Anna, in case Gen. Taylor should extend his advance in that direction.]
The General states, that he had been unable as yet to prepare his detailed official report of the operations before Monterey - the last report from his subordinate commanders having been at that moment received. Our loss in killed, wounded and missing, will vary very little from 500-400 of which was sustained in the attack on the lower part of the city on the 21st.
Lieut. Dilworth, 1st Infantry had died of the wounds received on the 27th ult.
In his letter of the 13th of October, Gen. T. enclose a statement of a recent atrocious murder, which had been perpetrated on the 5th, in the streets of Monterey, upon a Mexican dancer, by one Fitzsimons. Captain Hays of the Texas rangers was present, soon after the scene, and had no doubt of the guilt of the man. He is now in confinement. Some difficulty had occurred as to the proper disposition of the accused, as there seems to be no American tribunal [...] to meet the case. The Mexican governor had complained of the act, and desired that the man might be brought to merited punishment. The general replied that the case should be submitted to his government before any action would be taken there.
In his last letter, Gen. Taylor deeply regrets he necessity of reporting
the death of the brave Robt. H. Graham, 1st lieut. of the 4th infantry, who
died, on the previous night, of the wounds which he had received in the engagement
of the 21st Sept.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p4c6 Correspondence of the N.O. Picayune
Monterey, Mexico Oct. 12, 1846
Gentlemen- We have received news from New Orleans up to the 25th ult. It seems that there is no probability of peace being established for some time to come. Lieut. Armistead, of the 6th Infantry, has just arrived from Washington with dispatches for Gen. Taylor, but the instructions sent him are not known in the Army.
A mail which was sent from Camargo by a Mexican express rider for the Army, about the 21st ult., and which, it is believed, contained important despatches [sic] for Gen. Taylor, besides many private letters, was taken by the enemy and conveyed to Ampudia, who received it on the day of the capitulation. Whether the Mexican mail rider was killed, as is pretended, or carried the mail of his own accord to Ampudia, is not known; but certain it is that the mail is in possession of the enemy. After the Mexican Army had retired to Saltillo, Gen. Taylor, hearing of the loss of the mail, sent a messenger to Ampudia and requested him to return the private correspondence. The self-appointed postmaster general of our Army replied, through a Mr. Faullac, that a mail had been taken and received by him, but that he had forwarded the bag to Santa Anna- Mr. Faullac, however, hoped soon to have the pleasure either of sending back the private correspondence or of bringing it in person.
You may ask how the mail came to be entrusted to a Mexican, or to one man, to be carried a distance of one hundred and eighty miles through a country filled rancheros, and particularly at a time when Gen. Taylor was anxiously expecting instructions from Washington. I will answer this, if not to your satisfaction, at least to Lest of my knowledge and information. The economical quartermaster at Camargo was enabled to hire the Mexican to run the gauntlet for fifteen dollars, whereas if an escort had been sent up with it, the expense would have amounted to - just nothing at all. No American citizen could be hired to take the mall through alone for $100, but it should be obvious to any one that it is very imprudent to risk a mail to such a chance.
The wounded are doing well, better than was at first expected. Maj. Lear, who was so horribly wounded through mouth, the ball coming out at the back of the neck, abattering the jaw bone and palate, will, it is hoped recover. - His son, a young gentlemen of 20, is fortunately with him. Lieut. Richard H. Graham, of the 4th Infantary, died of his wounds last night. Gen. Butler, who was shot through the leg, is recovering fast, and begins to attempt, in his impatience to be on his legs again, to hobble about his room.
Gen. Taylor keeps his own counsel respecting the nature of the instructions received from Washington. The Washington letter writers probably know more about it than a majority of the officers under Gen. Taylor at this moment. Something is brewing, however, and I can see that some movement is soon to be made, though none has yet been ordered.
The Bishop's Palace and heights back of the town are not garrisoned, the
troops having been withdrawn into town, and there is no piquet stationed
on the Saltillo road in that vicinity.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p4c5 Untitled, Camargo
Camargo (Mexico) October 22, 1845
Gentlemen: - In my last I intimated to you that everything was very quiet about Monterey, and the indications were in favor of a continuance of the calm, until the expiration of the eight weeks mentioned in the terms of capitulation, or the return of Captain Eaton, the aid of General Taylor, from Washington City. Up to the time of my departure on the 16th, nothing indicated any change in the state of things. The discharge of the Texas troops and their departure caused the town to be more tranquil than ever. Not many of the Mexicans had returned to the place, as they are yet afraid; but that will not probably continue much longer.
Before my leaving, the account of the departure of Gen. Aumpudia from Saltillo with the army was fully confirmed. He proposed to fortify that town and make another stand; therefore he called on the citizens to assist him. They held a meeting and the answer to his call was, Monterey was a town naturally easier of defence than Saltillo, that it was well fortified, and he had been driven out of it, therefore they would not expose their families and property to cartain injury and danger. The general then left taking the road towards San Luis Potosi.
At first, all the public arms were taken away, and it was not until Gen. Henderson sent Col. Hays to Gen. Taylor, that the arms were restored, to be delivered up at Bexar, in Texas. Many then would not go to get them.
During the truce, I shall run down to Matamoros and Point Isabel, but have faithful chroniclers at Monterey to record any important event; and you will be regularly in.
O. P. Q.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p4c6 Naval - Attack on Alvarado
(From the New Orleans Tropic, Nov. 3.)
We have a letter from our correspondent 'Indicator,' who is yet in Pensacola
advising us that the U.S. steamship Relief, Bellum Lieutenant Commanding,
arriving there on the 30th ult., twenty days from Vera Cruz. Her letter is
dated the 31st ult. He writes: "The only intelligence by her of interest
regards the projected at Captain Fitzburgh came a passenger in the Relief,
having been detached from the steamer Mississippi, and his place
supplied temporarily by Commander Adams, heretofore second in command. Commodore
Perry has hoisted his red beard permant on the board of the Mississippi,
and of course is to be regarded as a Commodore, nor as a Captain. The attack
on Alvardo was to take place on the 11th or 12th, at farthest. The steamer
Mississippi arrived as the Relief was coming out. There
is nothing sure worth communicating. - The Princeton sailed this
morning for Vera Cruz. The John Adams was to leave to-day [sic]."
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p4c5 The General-in-chief of the Army of the North to the Inhabitants of the Three Provinces of the East
Countrymen: The Supreme Government being anxious to attend to the defence of the rights and the integrity of our beloved Republic, against the enemies who have invaded it, has thought proper to appoint me General-in-Chief of the brave troops destined to that holy purpose in the North. I immediately flew with enthusiasm to this section, my desire to sustain the rights of the people being notorious, and at the commencement of the present month I was in Monterey, dictating and ordering all the measures in my power to repel the advance of our enemies. Thinking, however, that an immense weight was imposed upon me, and feeling my inability, I entreated that his Excellency, the Gen. Don Juan Nepomuceno de Almonte, should come and take the command, supposing that the illustrious conqueror of
Pa[..]co would, on his arrival in Mexico, assume the rein of the National
Government.
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p4c5 Untitled, Camp near Monterey
Camp near Monterey (Mexico) October 13, 1846
The Mexican mounted corps encamped about the town, began to move of on the 25th of September, as did part of the baggage train of mules. Gen. Ampudia, on the 26th, left with two heavy brigades of infantry, part of the artillery and some cavalry. His column mustered 2500 men at least, probably more. he took the road to Saltillo. On the 27th and 28th, divisions, equally as numerous, marched in the same direction. The most motley collection of men, women and children, while and copper-colored, with dogs, cats, game-cocks, parrots, and a thousand other things, mounted on horses, mules and donkeys, or on foot, accompanied each column. There never was so mixed a multitude. The followers were almost as numerous as the army, and as variegated in colors. Some of the Mexican officers are as black as any negro, and must be runaway slaves from the U. States or emigrants from the Spanish Islands. After the departure of these divisions, the Governor also left the place, and our soldiers thronged the streets, particularly the volunteers, who were anxious to see every thing. They went into house without ceremony, and in some instances did not behave well. These circumstances excited considerable apprehensions amongst the people, and a good many went away, or closed their houses entirely and concealed themselves. Those fears are now, it is hoped, being allayed, and it is hoped the people will return to their homes.
Gen. Taylor seems to have sailed down to spend the eight weeks mentioned
in the capitulation, as quietly as possible. There is some talk of a post
being established at linares, a town abou one hundred miles from here on
the road to Tampico; but when, I do not know. It is also said a post will
be established at Riconada, about forty-miles from here on the Saltillo road.
I ahve good reason to believe Gen. Taylor and other officers high in command,
and in the confidence of the President, have written to Washington, strongly
advising no further advance into the interior on this line. They recommend
the occupation of the country from the sea coast, say Tampico along the line
of mountains, and placing garrisons in every important place across to the
Gulf of California - there hold on and subsist our forces as well as possible
on the country, and let the Mexicans come to fight us, if their Government
[the rest is illegible.]
[AMB]
Friday, November 13, 1846 RW46v23i90p4c6 Untitled, Correspondence, Picayune
Correspondence of the N.O. Picayune, Monterey, Mexico Oct. 16, 1846
Gentlemen: - A ehance [sic] officers to send a line, which I must write in haste, as the gentleman who takes it will be off in few moments. Gen Wool crossed the Rio Grande thirteen days ago on his way to Monclova. A train of fifteen hundred miles arrived from Camargo a day or two since, with provisions. Two thousand mules have been hired at this place for the use o the Army, at 37 1/2 cents per day each.
Lieut. Graham's remains were followed to the grave three days since, by Gen. Taylor and nearly all the officers.
No news yet from the first mail tha was captured by the enemy. Another large mail started from Camargo a few days ago (the 5th inst.) which shared the fate of the first. - This makes two important mails that have been captured from us within a month. The last was taken out of the mule train.
Everything is as dull here as possible. As for letters and papers, we never expect to see any more as long as Ampudia is permitted to act as Post Master General for our Army.
H.
Santa Anna is at San Luis Potosi, but is doing nothing. He sustains Ampudia
in his late conduct. The fever and argue is spreading through the Army at
a fearful rate.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846 RW46v23i92p1c1 Call for Troops
Call for More Troops
By the following editorial article in the Washington Union of Monday night, it appears that the Executive has resolved to call into the field nine additional regiments of volunteers. This sudden change in the determination of the President - for it was only a few days ago that the Secretary of War offically announced, in reply to a tender of service from a volunteer corps (we believe in Delaware) that no more troops were wanted - induces us to suppose that the recent intelligence from the Mexican capital, or from the seat of war, has satisfied the authorities at Washington that there is but little prospect of a speedy restoration of peace:
From the Washington Union, Nov. 16.
Call of Troops
We understand that requisition have been sent out from the War Department, calling into the service of the United States nine additional regiments of volunteers to serve during the war with Mexico, unless sooner discharged. They are asked for from the following States:
One regiment of Infantry from Massachusetts;
One regiment of Infantry from the State of New York;
One regiment of Infantry from Pennsylvania;
One regiment of Infantry from Virginia;
One regiment of Infantry from North Carolina;
One regiment of Infantry from South Carolina;
One regiment of Infantry from Louisiana;
One regiment of Infantry from Mississippi; and
One regiment of Mounted Men from Texas.
This important movement will show the federal press whether there is any faltering on the part of the administration, as they have been recently most recklessly charging. We have no time, at the late hour at which we receive the above interesting intelligence, to dwell upon this subject. It shows how little force there is in such suggestions as are thrown out in a Baltimore paper, that "it is believed that nothing decisive will be undertaken, either by our army or navy, before the next meeting of Congress."
We subjoin also the requisition of the Secretary of War upon the Governor of Virginia for one of the new regiments:
WAR DEPARTMENT
Nov. 16th, 1846.
SIR: - In my communication of the 19th of May last, your Excellency was requested to organize three regiments of volunteers, under the act of the 13th of that month, to be held in readiness for public service.
The President now directs me to notify your Excellency that one Infantry regiment of volunteers from your State is required for immediate service, and to be continued therein during the war with Mexico, unless sooner discharged. The regiment will consist of -
FIELD AND STAFF: -1 Colonel, 1 Lieutenant Colonel, 1 Major, 1 Adjutant, (a Lieutenant of one of the Companies, but not in addition.)
NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF:- 1 Sergeant Major, 1 Quarter master Sergeant, 2 Principal Musicians, and 10 Companies, each of which to consist of 1 Captain, 1 First Lieutenant, 2 Second Lieutenants, 4 Sergeants, 4 Corporals, 2 Musicians, and 80 Privates.
Should the number of Privates, on being mustered not fall below sixty-four effective men in a Company, it will be received.
Guyandoite is designated as a place of rendezvous for the several companies as fast as they shall be organized, and where they may be further organized into a regiment, if not already done under a previous call. The regiment will be inspected and mustered into service by an officer or officers of the U. S. Army, who will in every care, be instructed to receive no man who is in years apparently over 45 or under 18, or who is not of physical strength and vigor. To this end the the Inspector while accompanied by a medical officer of the army, and the volunteers will be submitted to his examination. It is respectfully suggested that public notice of these requirements will prevent much disappointment to the zealous and patriotic citizens of your State who may be disposed to volunteer.
By the enclosed copy of an act authorizing the President to call for volunteers, it will be perceived that all the field and company officers with volunteers taken into the service of the U. States are to be appointed and commissioned, or such as have been appointed and commissioned, in accordance with the laws of the State whence they are taken; and I would suggest the extreme importance to the public service, that the officers for the above regiment be judiciously selected.
By the act of Congress above [...] to, it will also be seen, that the terms of service are for "twelve months, or to the end of the war, unless sooner discharged," and it may be that the regiments which have been enrolled in your State, and are now in readiness to enter the service, may regard this offer as made with reference to the former period. Should this be so, your Excellency will cause them to be informed, that the engagement required by this requisition is to the end of the war with Mexico, unless sooner discharged; and on this condition only will their services be required. With this understanding, one of these regiments (to be selected by your Excellency) will be accepted. if the modification suggested should not be acceptable to any of those regiments which have tendered their services, you are respectfully requested to proceed, without delay, to enroll and organize one in fulfillment of this requisition.
It may be proper to remark, that the law provides for the clothing (in money) and [...] of the non-commissioned officers, musicans and privates of volunteers, who are received into the service of the united States. In respect to clothing, for which purpose it allows to each non-commissioned officer musican and private three dollars and fifty cents per month during the time he shall be in the service of the United States. In order that the volunteers, who shall be mustered into service under this requisition, may be enabled to provide themselves with good and sufficient clothing, the commutation allowance for six months, (twenty-one dollars,) will be advanced to each non-commissioned officer, musician and private after being mustered into service but only with the express condition, that the volunteer has already furnished himself with six months clothing: this fact to be certified to the Paymaster by the Captain of the company, or that the amount thus advanced shall be applied, under the supervision of his Captain, to the object contemplated by law. In this letter case, the advance commutation for clothing will be paid on the Captain's certificate that he is satisfied it will be so applied.
In respect to subsistence before arriving at the place of rendezvous,
and for traveling home from the place of discharge, that allowance is fifty
cents for every twenty miles distance. . . . [The rest of the article is
illegible.]
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846 RW46v23i92p1c2 Official Proclamation
In the St. Louis Republican of the 9th inst. we find the subjoined "Notice," issued by Gen. Kearney, which removes all doubt, if any had been entertained before, that, by virtue of the authority with which he has been colthed by the President, he has, without the sanction of Congress or the People, "entended the areas of freedom," by solemnly "ANNEXING", New Mexico to the United States, organizing a Territorial Government, and appointing officers to administer itThis remarkable document reads as follows:
NOTICE.
Being duly authorized by the President of the United States of America, I hereby make the following appointments for the Government of New Mexico, a Territory of the United States.
The officers thus appointed will be obeyed and respected accordingly.
Charles Bent, to be Governor.
Donaciano Vigil, to be Secretary of Territory.
Francis P. Blair, to be U.S. District Attorney.
Charles Leitendorfer, to be Auditor Public Accounts.
And Joab Houghton, Antonio Jose Otero, and Charles Beaubien, to be Judges of the "Superior Court."
Given at Santa Fe, the capital of the Territory of New Mexico, this 22d day of September, 1846, and in the 71st year of the independence of the United States.
S.W. KEARNEY,
Brig. Gen. U. S. A.
Could any thing be more Napoleonic? Did the Emperor of the French, when
his victorious eagles perched upon every capitol in Europe, ever decree the
extinction of a dynasty and the annexation of the subjugated States to the
French Empire in terms more summary and with a more imperial air? Whence,
we ask, in no spirit of factious complaint, but with a solemn conviction
of the gravity of this act of unsurpation,-whence did the President derive
authority to instruct Gen. Kearney to declare New Mexico "a Territory of
the United States" Whence his right to create offices, and to make appointments
unknown to our constitution and laws? As the St. Louis Republican
well remarks, "To the people of the Union the questin is important, as it
involes the inquiry to what extent the Executive may go in the acquisition
of territory and the exercise of the appointing power. If the President
can go on and make conquest, subvert governments, annex a whole foreign and
independentState and people to this Republic, constitute them citizens, give
them a new form of Government, and fill all the offices by his own appointments,
then indeed his powers are unlimited, and all other departments of Government
are lost in this universal stretch of power." The St. Louis New Era
also invokes public attention to this extraordinary developement. Gen. Kearney
(it says) undertake to naturalize millions of mixed parti [sic] colored people,
of various languages and natures, and most solemnly swears then in as citizens
of the United States, in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost.-Where
does he get authority for all this? He then undertakes to appoint Governors,
Judges, and a list of Judicial and Ministerial officers. Where does his
authority for this come? Is there any thing in the Constitution that warrants
such proceedings? Where are the STRICT CONSTRUCTIONISTS,
when these events are in progress?-Their tender consciences will not permit
them to pull a logor a song out of the Mississippi, even when it endangers
thousands of lives and millions of property; but they can ride rough-shod
over the Constitution in a career of conquest and national aggrendizement."
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846 RW46v23i92p1c4 Further Mexican Intelligence
From the N.O. Picayune,
It has before been said that Santa Anna ordered Gen. Ampudia to retire from Monterey and retreat upon Saltillo. A paper of the 3d ult. of the City of Mexico has the following: "Gen. Santa Anna foresaw this disaster, and the night before his departure from the capital he had a presentiment that he should not arrive at Queretaro without receiving lamentable accounts. For this reason he had sent instructions to Gen. Ampudia that he should retire to Saltillo, fortifying the pass of Los Muertos." This would seem to settle the question which we have often heard discussed, as to the accuracy of the report received from Monterey that Ampudia exceeded his instructions. His conduct will be submitted to a council of war. Gen. Arista is in the City of Mexico, also awaiting an examination into his military operations. The war is very destructive to Mexico military reputations.
We have already said that the Mexicans were making diligent preparations for the defense of Vera Gruz. The garrison of the citadel has been increased and troops are marching into the town from various points in the interior. One of the last official acts of Gen. Landero, before he was suceeded by Gen. Morales as Capt. Gen of Vera Cruz, was to declare the city in a state of seige, thus subjecting it to martial law. Another measure was to exempt from all duty such articles as rice, maize, butter, & c., which may be necessary to enable the castle and city to stand a siege. Dealers are forbidden to charge excessive prices for such articles. Mules and other animals used for transportation are also to be allowed to enter the city without charge. At the same time the people are busily fortifying the city, every class of citizens taking hold of the spade and shovel, and work regularly with the men.
To raise money for the war the supreme Government has allotted to the cities and States certain sums to be contributed by them monthly, but leaving the details to be arranged by the municipial authorities, & c. We have the report of a committee or junta in Vera Cruz in which the following assessment is recommended at great length: The city proper is set down for $500 a month. Then the citizens are divided into six classes. The first is composed of twenty-four citizens, who are to pay $30 a month a piece; the second of the sixteen citizens, $20 a month a piece, and so on down to $2 a month a piece. The sum total thus to be raised in Vera Cruz is estimated at $2921 a month. - We note this as a model of the manner in which Mexico is proviling resources of money. The same course is pursued in the other cities and Departments.
The Government organ of the 3d ult announced that on the morning of the day previous Gen. Salas assembled some of the wealthy citizens of the capital an addressed them upon the necessities of the Government and suggested various remedies. It was finally determined to make as assessment of $200,000 upon fifty gentlemen, which should be advanced to the Government in the shape of a loan. It was carried with signs of enthusiasm, and although the money was not actually paid in, it was deemed to be secured, and profuse thanks are showered upon the fifty capitalists who thus came forward.
In Chihuahua, Governor Trias is said to be melting up the bells of the churches to make cannon for the defence of the city. The greatest lamentations are heard that the people cannot be provided wih the arms which they are so eager to take up against the invaders. In all our papers we do not see mention made of gen. Wool's invasion. it is front the North that they anticipate the descent of the avalanche.
In the capital, popular clubs have been formed, to which influential members of the Government belong. They meet nightly and talk over public affairs, and keep alive each others patriotism, an orator being appointed for each night. A chief end of these clubs is to produce a fusion of parties by bringing the leaders into apparent union. The lines are drawn between the puros and the moderados. - The former are the republicans federalists; the latter conservatives. Gomez Farias appears to be the organ of the former, and his party is decidedly in the ascedant. These party divisions do not show themselves out of the capital.
On the 10th of October, Gen. Salas promulgated a decree touching the internal revenues of the country of great moment. The grounds of it are set forth at length in a well reasoned preamble, and the decree follows in twelve articles. The first abolishes throughout the whole Repubpublic [sic], from the 6th of December next, the excise revenue [ la renta de alcabulas ] from the sale of various kinds of property and securities, and the different States are prohibited from re-establishing such excise under any form. - In subsequent articles compensation is made to the States by imposts in lieu of those abolished. The whole decree is a sweeping measure, the details of which would not interest our readers, but it is denounced in some papers as high-handed and lawless.
Perhaps we owe an apology to our readers for giving up so much of our space o these details of mexican affairs, but our space to these details of Mexican affiars, but our purpose has been to give them an idea of the activity which prevails in Mexico in developing the resources of the country for the war, and to convince the public, if possible, that the whole Mexican nation is aroused thorughly, and that if we would see a speedy end put to these hostiliies, or even avoid reverses to our arms, we must put forth more strength and call into th field more troops. - We will conclude our voluminous extracts to-day with the following rough translation of a circular of Gen. Almonte. it is eminently calculated to inflame the animosity of the Mexicans, and holds out to them in the end the most deceptive hopes. It is obviously intended as an appeal to the world as well as to his countrymen, and we are in hopes it will teach our own people how much in earnest the leading men in Mexico truly are in their determination to adopt the war with the United States as the deperate resource for war with the United States as the desperate resource for forming a sound national feeling, and overcoming the evils which Mexico has long endured from internal strife and civil wars:
[CIRCULAR.]
MINISTRY OF WAR AND MARINE,
October 2, 1846.
The Mexican Republic achieved her independence from ancientmetropolis without the need of other efforts than those of her own sons; and in entering the ranks of free people, she opened her ports frankly to foreign commerce.
With a loyalty which is acknowledged, she has fulfilled religiously her engagements with friendly ntiaons [sic]; and the different administrations which have suceeded one another in the country, have vied with each other in cultivating their international relations, so that they have never been interrupted on the part of Mexico. From this religious fidelity in the fulfillment of our obligations, have followed the peace and good intelligence which subsists at present between us and the Governments of Europe and those States of independent America which were formerly Spanish; but the United States of the North, a nation greedy of conquests, not acknowledging these truths and unworthily responding to our generous friendship, has inflicted upon us all the wrongs possible, since we had the misfortune to enter into relations with it. The North Americans have excited and fomented constantly our domestic dissensions. They introduced their citizens into our States of Texas; they procured the independence of those thankless adventurers; and when it suited their interests, they resolved to incorporate with their own country that interesting portion of our territory, upon which the United States are unable to allege the slightest claim of right.
It was and is unquestionably just, that the Mexicans should reclaim their own; and when our troops were preparing to vindicate the honor of the nation reconquer a territory which belonged to us, then the Government of the U. States assumed as their own the cause of a revolted department of Mexico, and in a manner the most ignoble and unjust declared war upon us, introducing into the heart of the Republic their squadrons, thus paralysing our commerce, and to make our position more difficult compelling us to misapply the ordinary resources of our public administration. - This war demands great sacrifices of the republic, and these sacrifices are to be attributed to the necessity forced upon us by the most iniquitous act which can be perpetrated among civilized and christian people. To the scandal of the whole world, the Mexicans find themselves attacked, and are resolved to perish together and to see their cities reduced to ruine, rather than to submit to the ambition of the people which seeks to make itself the colossus of the New World. The ambitious views of these men are as ancient as they are notorious - to extend their territory over the vast expanse comprehended with the Mexican nation, destroying our temples, our race and our nationality; and this conflict, which is one of life or death for Mexico, she must maintain with glory, or she must perish in it. It matters not that fortune sometime deserts us in the field of battle; the honor of our arms we have preserved even in the midst of the disasters of the war; and above every thing, a people numbering eight millions, which achieved their independence against the might of a pwerful nation, cannot succumb in a war waged upon it by the North Americans. Our efforts to come out of a war gloriously will be as extraordinary as our sacrifices, since on every side the citizens are arming in support of the Supreme Government in defense of the country. Upon all classes in the State, it has made and it will continue to make great demands to place Mexico in an attitude to maintain her dearest rights, and Heaven, which always protects the right, is upon our side, and will be propitious to us without doubt, because we are struggling for the religion of our fathers, for our independence and our firesides. The day is coming, nor isit now distant, when we shall not only be able to impose terms upon our enemies, but to exact from them as a fitting act of justice, an indemnity for the injuries they have inflicted upon us - injuries which will be indeed a grievous burden to the country, but which will save its honor and its nationality.
The Supreme Government, in anticipation of these events, and convinced that the final triumph in the present struggle will be in favor of Mexico, wishes that in due time there should be prepared and transmitted to it in the clearest form an exact account of the losses sustained by the public interests and those of private individuals in he entrusted with the supreme executive power, charges me that I should direct you, as I now have the honor to do, this design of the executive, in order that the noble and patriotic views of the chief magistrate of the Republic may be fulfilled. God and Liberty.
ALMONTE.
On the following day, October 3d, Gen. Almonte issued his instructions
for organizing he recruits. Upon their arriving at the recruiting stations,
they are to be divided into two classes according to their height - those
above five feet two inches forming the first, and those below that measure
the second class. From the first are to be taken by preference the artillerists,
the sappers and cuirassiers, the artillerists and sappers first taking those
of particular trades or occupations, which may have particularly atted [sic]
them for these branches of the services. The resides will join the cuirassiors.
The second class is to be divided in in [sic] like manner between the cavalry
and infantry, having regard to individual conformation and preference. The
directions are minute and simple.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846 RW46v23i92p1c5 Late from Our Squadron in the Gulf and on the Pacific
Extract of a letter from Commodore Conner to the Secretary of the Navy: "U.S. SHIP CUMBERLAND, OFF VERA CRUZ, Oct. 17, 1846."
"It is with feelings of deep mortification that I apprize the Department of the failure of another attempt to enter the river of Alvarado. [sic]
"On the morning of the 15th, a little after sun rise, I reached the entrance of the river, with the steamer Vixen, the three gunboats, the prize schooner Forward and steamer McLane, accomplished by the Mississippi, Com. Perry. It was intended the latter should cannonade the battery, while the smaller vessels crossed the bar. It was found, however, she could not approach near enough to make any impression on the work with her shells. This battery mounted seven guns; and immediately behind it, on an elevated knoll, was a platform, on which was mounted a pivot-gun. Knowing the small power of the steam ere on which I depended to tow the small vessels over the bar, and up the river, I was desirious of having a favorable wind to assist them. For this purpose, I delayed moving until nearly two o'clock, but seeing no prospect of the usual sea breezes setting in, I determined to proceed. The first division, composed of the Reefer and Bonits, in low of the Villen, got under way, and was followed by the second divisions, consisting of the Nonats, Forward and Petrel, towed by the McLane. As they approached the bar, the current became stronger, causing the streamers to steer badly, and lessening their progress to not more that a mile of a mile and a half, the hour.
"The first division continued to advance steadily, and had been sometime engaged with the battery, when I had the mortification to see the McLane aground on the bar, and the vessels she had in tow, foul of each other, in the greatest disorder.
"As it was evident no support could be expected from the second division for some time, if at all, and as the three vessels composing the first were wholly inadequate to prosecute the attack, even if they could pass the battery with with [sic] which we were engaged, I was constrained to order the Vixen to be put about and repass the bar.
"It may be as well to observe here that besides the battery at the entrance of the river, there is another at the town, one and-a-half miles distant, of three guns, with two brigs, each mounting nine guns, a schooner, of seven guns, and two gunboats each carrying a long 24-pounder-all so disposed as to command the channel. By the time the Vixen joined her the McLane was again afloat, without having sustained any material injury. It was obvious however, her draft (ten feet two inches) was too great to pass the bar in its present state. Generally there are from thirteen to fifteen feet on it, and my information led me to believe I should find that depth now, but the late floods have probably lessened it, as on sounding previously to entering there were barely twelve feet. The Vixen struck twice in going over, though drawing only seven feet. The current was also stronger in the river than I expected, and even if she could pass the bar, I felt convinced the power of the McLane was inadequate to make head against it with any vessel in tow: These consideration - and the day being far spent - induced me, however much against my inclination, to abandon any further attempt at present to enter the river.
"Except for a short time, from early in the spring to the commencement of the rainy season, no one not acquainted with them, can have any conception of the difficulties attending naval operations on this coast. The north winds, during the winter months, are sudden and violent, accompanied by high seas and strong currents. No judgment can be formed as to what moment they may commence. - Under such circumstances, an opinion may be easily formed of the difficulty of landing a body of men on the open coast, and also of the danger from the elements attending it.
I am, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
D. CONNER,
Commanding Home Squadron.
HON. JOHN Y. MASON,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington.
The reader will see it stated in private letters from the squadron that Commodore Perry, with the larger portion of the vessels, has gone to make an attack upon Tabasco, where some boats have taken shelter that assist in keeping open the commerce of the place.
Since the abortive attack on Alvarado, which Com. Conner describes in
his despatch [sic], he has been joined, in all probability, by the Princeton
and the Spitfire - thus considerably increasing his means for attack.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846 RW46v23i92p1c6 Acquittal of Dr. Tyler
The trial of Dr. William Tyler, at Frederick, on a charge of malpractice in treating ex-Governor Thomas, by administering certain drugs to him some fifteen years since, has resulted in a verdict of acquital upon the first count, and upon the others a nelle prosequi was entered.
From the Hageratowa (Mt.) Torch Light.
THE THOMAS AFFAIR. - We were in error in our last number, in saying that ex-Governor Thomas was the only witness examined at the trial of Dr. Tyler. Several medical gentlemen [...]tified on the part of the State and one on the part of the travereer, all of whom exomerated the latter from blame.
An intelligent gentlemen from Frederick, with whom we have conversed upon the subject, assured us that there is not a difference of opinion in that city, at the fact that Mr. Thomas is a perfect monomanies upon the subject of his domestic affaris; although in his statement to the Court, he acknowledged the innocence of his wife, and declared his conviction that her character was so white as the drivn snow. He is said to have prepared himself upon that portion of the subject, relating to the medical treatment of Dr. Tyler, with amiduous care; and it was particularly in connection with this branch of the subject that the disease of his mind was so clearly manifested. In dealing the consequences of this disease, of which he was sensible - although greatly in error as to the cause - the spectacle presented was one of the most humiliating characters.
Revelations of weakness and of misery - clothed in jangunge the most touching - delivered with an eloquance of manner that has seldom failed of effect - and inspired with the unnatural fire of a frenzied mind - were poured forth, without concealment, by one who will himself, the subject and the victim; [...] once filling those in attendance with pity for the sufferer, and causing them to blush at the infirmines of their race. Whether the details of the trial will ever be made public we cannot tell. The Court passed an order that the testimony should not be published until the case had been disposed of.
Gov. McDowell, his wife and Mrs. Thomas we understand, were waited upon,
at their lodgings, by most of the ladies and gentlemen of Frederick, who
showed hem marked attantion and respect.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846 RW46v23i92p1c5 From the Pacific
Accounts from the Pacific, of Aug. 22, afford us some interesting particulars:
On the 23d [sic] of july, Commodore Stockton assumed command of the United States naval forces on the Westcoast of Mexico. On the 25th the "Cyane," with the "California company of mounted riflemen," under Col. Fremont, sailed from Monterey for San Diego, that they might be landed Southward of the Mexican forces, amounting to 500 men, under Gen. Castro and Gov. Pico, who were well fortified at the camp of mess, three miles from the "city of the Angels." A few days atter [sic], Commodore Stockton, in the "Congress," sailed for San Pedro, where he landed with his gallant sailor army, and marched directly for the redoubtable "camp of the Mesa." When he had come within twelve miles of the camp, Gen. Castro broke ground and ran for the city of Mexico. The governor of the territory, and other principal officers, separated in different parties; and on the 13th August, having been joined by Col. Fremont and eighty riflemen, and by Mr. Larkin, late American consul, the Commodore entered the famous "Ciudad'de los Angeles," the capital of the Californias, and took quiet possession of the government- house. Most of the principal officers were subsequently taken.
The American force thus chased the mexican army more than 300 miles along the coast; pursed them 30 miles in the interior of their country; routed and dispersed them, and secured quiet possession of their territory.
The "Congress" was to sail in a few days on a cruise for the protection of our commerce, and the remaining vesselsof the squadron were to be disposed with a view to the same object, so far as they could be spared from the blockade of the southern coast.
The President's proclamation, and the Congressional proceedings in reference to the war, were first received by Commodore Stockton (in a Mexican account) on the 19th of August by the United States ship Warren, from Mazatlan. The flag of the United States is now flying from every commanding position in the territory of California.
The patriotism and courage of the men who accompanied the Commodore on
his expedition after Castro, are spoken of in the highest terms. Their march
was trying and hazardous, perhaps longer than has ever been made in the interior
of a country by sailors after an enemy.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846 RW46v23i92p1c3 Chance of Volunteers
We are requested to state that Captain E. C. Carrington, Jr. by whose patriotic exertions a company of Volunteers for Mexico was organized last Spring, but not mustered into service, because the Government did not then need its. services, is again in the field, beating up for recuits. A few additional members are requisite to fill the ranks of his Company; and persons disposed to take part in this enterprize are requested to call immediately at Captain C's office, and enroll their manes. There need be no apprehension of dissappointment, or of delay in marching to the tented field.
[...], also, Governor Smith's Proclamation in another column.
The Boston Atlas states that the lower branch of the Masschusetts Legislature, as far as returns have been received, [...] as follows: Whigs 182, [...] 32, Abolitionists 5, Nativo 1, and Caleb Cushing -who, we suppose [...] classification
The Standard is mistaken. A sketch of Mr. Webster's speech, as it appears in the Boston Courier,was published at length in the Whig-and also an extract from the longer sketch, which appeared in the Boston Atlas.
The Council of the Creek nation of Indians, at its late session, passed an act prohibiting the sale and use of intoxicating liquors in the nation. All liquor found there after the passage of the act is to be destroyed, and the offender punished.
Rev. Horace Stringfellow, Rector of Trinity Church, Washington city, has accepted a call from the Episcopal Church at Petersburg.
EFFECTS OF THE TARIFF.-We regret to learn that a heavy failure has taken
place in Norwich, Ct. of a gentleman deeply concerned in the manufacture
of [...], a description of goods which has been more affected by the tariff
than perhaps any other. The failure is the more to be regretted as the
individual has been one of the most honorable, enterprising, and public spirited
men in New England.- N. Y. Express.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846 RW46v23i92p1c1 Letter to Governor
Letter to the Editor, To His Excellency, Wm Smith, Governor of Virginia
To His Excellency, Wm. Smith, Governor of Virginia.
We hope that the requisition of the War Department, and especially that the call upon Virginia will be promptly responded to, although the change in the tern of service, (a very wise one, by the way) from a twelve months tour to the duration of the war, will doubtless render many persons, who were last Spring and Summer eager for the fray, now indesposed to embark in an enterprize the end of which no human sagaeity can foresee. It is to be regretted, indeed, for more than one reason, that the volunteers first called into service were not required to serve "durning the war," instead of the limited period of twelve months. There might have been less enthusiasm and fewer applications, it is true, but there would have been though of both, and it is probable the applicants would have been of that sort of material who could have been [...] spared from home, and who would have been more [...] in the field. It is obvious, too, that the Mexican government, being cognizant of the fact that the term of service of four-fifths of the invading army would expire at the end of twelve months, has determined to maintain a hostile attitude until that time, with the idle hope that the disbandment and return home of the large portion of our army, before their places could be supplied, might enable them more easily to force the remainder to retreat to the frontier. Both the Administration and the volunteers, however, anticipated a frolic rather than a serious fray-and now that delusion under which thay and the country generally labored has been dispelled, the only matter of [...] is that they did not take six months volunteers instead of twelve,-that being the lenght of time, which, according to the semi-official intimations of the views of the Administration, it would require to overrun Mexico and to reduse its gorgeous capital to terms.
We repeat, that we hope the requisition of the War Department will be
at once met by the several States upon which it is made. For, although we
believe that the war ought to have been, and that, with ordinary wisdom and
[...] it might have been avoided-and although we have seen, in some quarters,
durning its progress, not a little to censure and condemn-yet we are not
less solicitous than the Administration itself (aside from its personal connection
with the subject) for its speedy and successful termination,
and for the triumph of our arm in every conflict, by sea or land, that may
occur durning its progress. We rejoice, therefore, at every indication
of renewed vigor in the conduct of the war, as the only means by which the
Mexican rulers and people can be taught that their true interests, as well
as our own, consist in the early termination of this unfortunate and sanguinary
struggle.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846 RW46v23i92p2c7 A Proclamation
Whereas, the President of the United States, in persuance of the Act of Congress providing for the [...] of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico, has made a requisition upon the Governor of Virginia for one infantry Regiment of Volunteers for immediate service , and is be [...] therein durning the war with Mexico unless sooner discharged-And, whereas, by the change of the term of service, the enrolment [sic] of the three Regiments of Volunteers under the Proclamation of the 23d May last is void.-Now, therefore, I WILLIAM SMITH, Governor of Virginia, to hereby make known, that the services of ten companies, to constitute a Regiment of Infantry, to serve according to the term of the requisition of the President, will be accepted-the said consist of.-
1 Captain; 1 First Lieutenant; 2 Second Lieutenant; 4 Sergeants; 4 Coporals; 2 Musicians; and 80 Privates.
These companies, when organized and commissioned, to [...] at [...], where they will be mustered into the service of the United States. Volunteer companies of Infantry enrolled under the Proclamation of 23d May last, who shall promptly conform to the new organization and give notice thereof to the Governer, will have the preference. But the Officers must necessarily be elected anew, and as it is for immediate and important service in the field, it cannot be too strongly impressed upon the men that in electing their officers all personal preferences should be discarded, and the best qualified officers be chosen.
No Officer of the Militia, whatever may be his grade, will forfeit his commission by entering the proposed Volunteer service.
The promptitude with which the requisition for three Regiments, to serve for twelve months, was responded to, affords undoubted assurance that the single Regiment now called for will be speedily in the field.
Given under my hand as Governor, and under the seal of the Commonwealth,
at Richmond, this [L.S.] eighteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
eighteen hundred and forty-six, and of the Commonwealth the seventy-first.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846, RW46v23i92p2c5 The Mexicans, News, The Loan, &c.
The news from Mexico communicated by this last arrival it [...] thought, may infuss more public spirit into the counsels of the Administration. There was and is, I fear a disposition to delay action until the meeting of the Mexican Congess , at least in reference to the land forces.-The Government has given public notice that it would call out no more volunteers, and General Taylor will not probably move from Monterey with the force he has. In the mean time, notwithstanding the disasters of May and September, the Mexican Government, with a singular infatnation, takes courage with defeat. No one breathes conciliation or a spirit of conciliation towards the United it would seem, within all the borders of the Mexican Republic. "War to the knife and the knife to the hilt" is everywhere their languages towards us, and this now for the first time, no matter whose star may be in the ascendant. The Government here is now well advised of this revengeful and obstinate determination, and it might have been before committing the "blunder" which already has proved "worse than so many crimes," of admitting Santa Anna to the capital of Mexico, there to infuse new hopes among the Mexican people and to raise up a popular leader to command her armies. I hope the Administration will not embrace that other French maxum, and be as those who "never forget anything and never learn anything." But experience so far has not been to much purpose. We have neither "conquered a peace" as yet, not have we had that "short war," of which we heard so much at the commencement of hostilities. The Administration should be held strictly responsible for all this, for the procrastination complained of is all its own. Congress, as soon as it heard of the clash of arms and acts of war, empowered the President to call out fifity thousand volunteers. Why was it not done? It added eight thousand men to the rank and file of the standing army. Why are they not in the field? It provided a new regiment of mounted men, but we hear nothing satisfactory as to the complete and efficient orpanization of this expensive body of troops. It crested a corps of Sappers and Minere, and they are only just now with the main body of the Army. It authorized an increase of the rank and file of the Navy of twenty-five hundred men, or a naval force of ten thousand besides the command, and yet owing to the clogs that hang upon the Navy at head quarters, nothing has yet been done through this branch of the public service, though the officers and men are burning to win laurels for themselved and victory for their flag. Military officers, too, were made by Congress by scores, and money was appropiated with so much haste that there was no command upon the President except to spend it as fast as he could-and how some of it has gone, and at what cost of principle and principal, too, I may add, you will learn hereafter. Ten millions was the first appropriation, since when nearly the whole surplus of twelve millions has gone. A loan also has been created and Treasury notes issued and re-issued by millions. All that the Executive and Heads of the Department asked of Congress was granted, save and except the memorable two millions of dollars, which most happily was not appropiated.
Well indeed is it for the country if the bill really died in the Senate of that terrible disease known as the cacoethes loquendi, for that little temporary ailment has saved the whole country the deep mortification of finding two millions of our own money transferred to the poackets of Santa Anna, nominally to buy a peace with his country, but in reality to enable him to prosecute the war against us with our money.
Since Santa Anna played the Administration falsely after his safe convoy from Havana to Vera Cruz, you have heard but little about that two millions bill,- and now that this famous Generalissimo has seized two millions from a conducta at San Luis Potosi, "for its safe keeping," as he says, I image you will hear still less than before. Santa Anna, you will see, brrowed [sic] the idea of his splendid theft from our Sub-treasury law, and has proved himself the prince of Sub-Treasures. He has even given "Bonds for the safe-keeping of the money." So, too, our law requires. Is not this [...] of coin a beautiful exemplification of a Sub-Treasury law?
It is hoped that many months will not elapse now before there is an end to this whole war. Congress will act with more energy that the Executive and Cabinet have done, but with such ample powers and means as I have enumerated, why delay until Congress meets?
The rumors in the city about the Loan since my last are more than you would care to read or I care to write. There are great many persons disappointed in the result. Many small capitalists had arranged to obtain portions of the loan at a small fraction above par, and those persona will demand that their contracts be filled. Others were promised small sums at the average bids, and these, too, have nothing, for reasons I have already named. Some of the [...] from all accounts, were very busy and very [...] on the 12th. They, too, have burnt their fingers.
Washington, Nov 17
The last news from Mexico, as I wrote you yesterday, produced almost an astounding effect upon the Administration, and resulted in a Cabinet meeting, where, after the gravest deliberation, it was determined to call out a new army of Volunteers.
The official paper announced the call, and it must be to the great gratification of all who wouls see the war conducted with more energy and more success than it has been thus far. This call, however, is one of the many new ideas of this wavering and uncertain administration, and if it be necessary to bring the dominant party into court as a witness against itself, or for the purpose of condemning or disapproving the Government oracle, it may be done.
Upon the authority of the Secretary of War himself I wrote you at the commencement of the month that no more volunteers would be called out. I found my authority confirmed in the Washington (Del.) Gazette, an Administration paper, which introduced the following official letter with a sneering imputation upon the fears of the Whigs, lest they should be "called on to go to Mexico."
WAR DEPARTMENT.
October 15, 1846.
Sir:-In reply to your letter of the 12th inst., I have the honor to inform you that it is not contemplated to make any further call on the Executive of your State for any volunteer or militia force, with a view to the existing war with Mexico. A sufficient amount of force, for the prosecution of that war has, it is believed, been already called into service. I have the honor to be
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846, RW46v23i92p2c4 New Mexico
The present war brings us better acquainted with the country whcich we have conquered. It shows us the habits of the people, the productive [...] of their soil, its rivers, its mountains, and the routes by which commerce is hereafter to shed its blessings upon the land. The letter of Lieutenant Abert, with which we have been favored, opens upon the mines of precious metals which that province produces:
Extracts of a letter from Lt. Abert [illegible]
"In compliance with instructions from Lt. Emory (who has departed for California with Gen. Kearney) to make a survey of New Mexico, I left here last Tuesday for the gold mines.
"The trip was highly interesting. The 'New Places,' or [...] is forty miles south of this city, and about twelve miles west of the Chihuahua road. We staid [sic] at the house of Senor Don Campbell, a liberal gentleman, and a man of extensive possessions in this mineral region. He showed us his mines of gold, copper, and lead, and loaded us with as many specimens of the area as we could carry. The copper ores contain gold and silver; in fact are rich with these precious metals. In the valleys are found [...] lumps of native gold. Mr Campbell had obtained two-one worth about $900, the other about $700. He showed me a piece worth [...] dollars, and has much gold, which has been obtained by the use of quicksilver; but, [...] mineralogical specimens, this last is of course of no value.
"I have boxed up the specimens procured, and shall forward them by the first opportunity.
"I have given some attention to the mode pursued here in washing the earth and grinding the ores, and shall be able to compile a good report upon the subject.
"An express from Gen. Kearney arrived last night.-We shall send answers by the battalion of Mormons, which will soon pass on its way to California.
"My winter will probably be spent at Santa Fe, surveying, wandering among
old churches, [...] old traditions, and making sketches of whatever appears
carious or interesting."
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846, RW46v23i92p2c2 Virginia Volunteers
In addition to Capt. Carrington's company of Texas Rangers, we learn from yesterday's Enquirer, that the Governor has accepted the services of the Richmond Greys, commanded by Capt. Robert G. Scott, Jr. under the late requisition for a regiment of Infantry from the War Department.
Volunteers desirous of enlisting in the company of Richmond Greys, whose services have been accepted by the Governor of Virginia under the [...] requisition made by the President of the United States, for a regiment of Infantry from this State, will report themselves to Robt. G. Scott, Jr. Captain of the company, immediately. The company will be pleased to see at their meeting to night, those persons who feel an interest in their success.
The places of rendezvous will be-Swan Tavern, Shockoe Hill; and Military
Hall.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846, RW46v23i92p3c1 Last Evening Mail, Virginia Volunteers
The Alexandria Gazette of yesterday informs us that the Alexandria
Volunteers, under the command of Capt. M.D.Coxix, have rendered their services
to Gov. Smith, to form a part of the regiment called for from Virginia.
[AMB]
Friday, November 20, 1846, RW46v23i92p3c1 From Santa Fe
A letter from an officer of the U.S. Army, to a friend in St. Louis, says that Lieut Col Smith, in command of the Mormon Battalion, arrived in Santa Fe on the 8th Oct.-The commanding officers speak in the highest terms of the conduct and good order of these troops, and say that with time for drilling they will be every way equal to the regular soldiers. The battalion was turned over to the command of Capt Cook, who, with a portion of Col Price's regiment-500 men in all, under the command of Col Price-were to leave in a few days for California.
Col Doniphan was to leave Santa Fe in a few days for the South. He would
first visit some tribes of Indians, who have manifested a hostile spirit,
and after quieting them, or whipping them into subjection, he would continue
to Chihuahua, and join Gen Wool, unless affairs in Santa Fe required his
earlier return.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846, RW46v23i93p4c2 Abolitionism
We were gratified to see, in yesterday's Enquirer, an admission that "Abolitionism is on the decline." We agree with the Enquirer, that "the recent elections in the North have shown it. Massachusetts begins to frown upon the sentiments of the fanatics, and New York has overwhelmed and forever buried the proposition for negro suffrage." In our opinion, the Abolition organization would long ago have been dissolved-certain we are that it would have proved far less efficient-had Southern men at first taken the true position on the subject-that position which, after a long and angry contest, they were compelled to occupy.-We refer to the reception of Abolition petitions by Congress, the refusal to do which, by uniting with the Abolitionist proper in the Northern States a large number of voters who believed that the great "right of petition" had been denied to the people, contributed to swell their numbers and greatly to augment their influence. John Q. Adams may be cited, as a striking illustration of this remark. Up to the period at which the House of Representives adopted a rule excluding these petitions, his influence had been uniformly exerted in opposition to the fanatics; But when the right of petition, as he believed (erroneously in our judgement) was attacked, he stood forth as its champion, irrespective of the question with which it became thus unfortunately identified-and by slow and impercepticle degrees, cheered on the one hand by the approbation of the fanatics, and on the other [...] to madness by the envenomed assaults of the Southern press and politicians, he became as furious in his [...] against the South as the most rabid of the crew against whose [...] nations his voice had always previously been raised. No one can have failed to perceive, that from the moment of the abrogation of the rule referred to, there has been a progressive diminution of the excitement on this question; and we feel assured that Abolitionism, like Anti-Masonry, will be extinct, or at least powerless, whenever Southern politicians shall cease to attempt to make capital out of this question, by misrepresenting the position of their political opponents at the North in relations to it, for the purpose of winning to themselves favor at the South.
The fact ought not to be concealed, howerver, that, while Abolitionism is on the decline, there is reason to believe that the Anti-Slavery feeling has not at all abated; and if a question shall hereafter arise, as in the progress of events is exceedingly probable, involving the admission of new Slave States into the Union, it will develope itself in the most decided manner. The Missouri Question had shaken the Union to its centre before we had over heard of Tappan or Garrison, Wendell Phillipe or Abby Kelly. Abolitionism, as a distinct party term, was unknown in our political vocabulary, when the admission of Missouri into the Union as a Slave State was opposed, not by a faction or by a party, but by the almost united vote of the non-Slaveholding States, of all parties. Do not the "signs of the times" clearly indicate, that, when that question shall again arise, as, if we acquire from Mexico territory bordering upon Texas, it must do, the struggle will be renewed, with augmented violence, and with the odds against us materially increased?-We confess, that it is in this aspect of the subject that we view the acquisition of new territory from Mexico with a feeling of apprehension and alarm. What meant the success of Wilmot's amendment to the Two Million Bill, by the almost undivided Northern vote in its favor, at the last session of Congress? If any one doubts that that provision, declaring uncompromising hostility to the addition of new Slave State to the Union, to be carved out of the territory to be obtained from Mexico, by conquest or by purchase, is a fair exponent of Northern sentiment, without regard to party lines, let him read the journals published in the nonslaveholding states, and listen to the resolutions, generally unanimously adopted, of their Legislature; and he will not fail to be convinced that the Missouri controversy, under circumstances much less favorable to its satisfactory settlement, mustbe revived, whenever, peace being restored, it shall become necessary to provide for the government of the new Empires to be annexed to our rapidly expanding confederacy. Without anticipating the evil day, however, we content ourselves with the hope that, arrive when it may, the struggle may be not less auspiciously terminated than that which grew out of the bill for the admission of Missouri-that, although we may not have in the national councils another CLAY to pour oil upon the troubled waves, there will be enough of virtue left to profit by the great lessson of wisdom and moderation for which the Union is indebted to that illustrious Statesman and Patriot.
Wm. J. Shelton, Esq. has resumed his connection with the Charlottesville
Advocate as its editor. Mr. S. is a well-informed politician, and a vigorous
writer. We wish him all success.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846, RW46v23i93p4c3 The War
A letter from an officer in Gen. Taylor's army is published in the Charleston Mercury, (Locofoco,) from which we make [...] [...] two extracts. After describing the battle of Monterrey and the surrender of that city, which he ascribes [...] to the success of Gen. Worth's divison, he says:
"Wonderful it is the achievement, the actore know that there will be deep dissatisfaction in the United States. It was thought a light matter to crush an imbecile people, and thousands of militant spirits, burning with patriotism and covetous of distruction, had rushed to their country's standard in the [...] belief that in a few months they would be revelling in more than Oriental pomp and luxury in the gorgeous [...] of the Capitol of Mexico. How keenly then must be felt the rebuke to the arrogant presumption with which the war began-this baffling of our arms for three days, and arresting our progress for eight weeks, on the very borders of the country that was to be overrun in six monthsHow mortifying too must be the fact that our proud banner would have trailed in the dust, but for the much despised 'mercenaries' under Gen. Worth, aided by three hundred ragged Texans almost as much reviled as they."
Speaking of the manner in which the Campaign has been arranged and conducted, he makes the following remarks:
"The [...] from which the country suffered so much durning the [...] war, of directing the operations of a distant army from a [...] in Washington, it is feared, will be repeated again and again, until our arms are defeated and our country disgraced. The present distinguished Secretary of War [...] never to have doubted that with the aid of ridiculously inaccurate maps and ignorant advisers he could plan a campaign with the skill of a Wellington, and thus from the [...] our army landed on the shelly shore of Corpus [...] till now, he has taken upon him to manage everything,-at one time restraining the General from the performance of possibilities, at another goading him on to impossibilities. The "Man of Iron," whom our Secretary regards as a brother in arms, would doubtless be filled with astonishment if not admiration, at some of his performances. He sent an army of invasion into the field without a single piece of [...]. He ordered the same army to encamp under the heavy guns of a fortified city, although entirely destitute of siege train and all the ordinary intrenching implements. To show that a battle could be fought [...] than Gen. Scott predicted, he urged on Gen. Taylor to the attack of an almost impregnable city, although the General's weightiest was two 24 pound howitzers, whose [...] [...] back like pebbles from the solid fortifications of Monterrey. And to drown the whole, when every obstacle had been overcome, and the Mexican forces were completely in our power, the Secretary's orders determined that it was better to fight them again behind other intrenchments than to crush them on the spot. It is supposed here that he is ambitious to occupy a page in Dr. Frost's Wonders of History, and that to insue so desirable and end, he will next order us to take San Luis Potsi with slings and pop-guns."
The writer then proceeds to describ, ( but for the honor of our country, we hope he greatly [...] the atrocities committed upon the defenceless Mexicans, after the surrender of Monterey, by a portion of the volunteers; and adverts to the consequences of these outrages in the following terms:
"We do not care so much for the disregard of authority among the Volunteers,-
their frays and fueds among themselves, and the unsoldierly scenes between
the officers and privates, such as the chasing of a dignified Commander of
Brigade through his own camp. All these are private matters of their
own, affecting but indirectly the issue of the campaign. But outrages on
the helpless and unoffending Mexicans, on the contrary, have a direct and
palable bearing on the successful termination of the war. The Mexicans themselves
admit that before the arrival of the Volunteers upon the Rio Grande, all
Eastern Mexico was ripe for [...] and annexation to the United States.
Now there is no portion of the country so bitterly hostile to us and to our
institutions. We have before us a Monterey paper of July, which reminds
the disaffected of the atrocities committed at [...] and adds the "the Volunteers,
the most unprincipled and ungovernable class at home, have been let loose
likeblood-hounds upon Mexico." We fear that very soon there will be kindled
a burning hatred towards us which will make a timid Mexicans rally from every
city, villiage and rancho around the banner of their country, and fight
with a courage and constancy worthy the descendants of those renowned heroes
who conquered the fairest portion of America."
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846 RW46v23i93p1c6 Gen. Wool's Army
CAMP NEAR PRESIDIO, MEXICO, 12th October 1846.
To the Editor of the Union :
Enclosed I send you Gen. Wool's order on the [...] bank of the Rio Grande; we are now on the west bank, and in Mexico. We shall be destained a few days for the arrival of Col. Hardin's command of 600 volunteers when we will take up the line of march for Monclova via San Fernando and San Ross. There is a rumor of Gen. Taylor taking Monterey, and an armistice for two months. The General has no official information information of that fact, and will proceed with all possible despatch [sic] to Chihuahua without further orders from Gen. Taylor. The army is in good health and fine spirits, and anxious to meet an enemy.
Believe me as ever yours, in haste.
A. YELL.
----------
HEADQUARTERS, CAMP ON THE RIO GRANDE,
Near Presidio, October 9, 1846.
[Orders. -- No.89]
Soldiers! After a long and tedious march you have arrived on the bank of the Rio Grande. In the performance of this service the commanding general has winessed, with the greatest pleasure, your patience, good order, and perseverance, under many deprivations and hardships. All have done their duty, and in a manner that reflects the hihest credit on both officers and men. From this remark we would not except his staff, who have actively and zealously devoted themselves to the service; whilst Capt. Cross has been eminently sucessful in forwarding his long train of supplies, without delay or serious accident.
Tomorrow you will cross the Rio Grande, and occapy the territory of our enemies. We have not come to make war upon the people or pessantry of the country, but to compel the government of Mexico to render justice to the U. States. The people, therefore, who do not take up arms against the U. States, and remain quiet and peaceful at their homes, will not be molested or interfered with, either as regards their persons or property; and all those who furnish supplies will be treated kindly, and whatever is received fom them will be liberally paid for.
It is expected of the troops that they will observe the most rigid discipline and subordination. All depredations on the persons or property of the people of the country are strictly forbidden; and shy soldier or follower of the camp who may so far forget his duty as to violate this injunction will be severely punished.
By command of Brig. General Wool.
[It appears from Gov. Yell's letter, that Gen. Wool was expecting orders
from Gen. Taylor. He may receive them at Monclova, which is about 100 miles
from Monterey. [ Union.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846 RW46v23i93p1c6 Later from the Army
From the N. O. Picayune, Nov. 14.
The steamship Virginia, Capt. Tucker, arrived yesterday morning from Brazos Santiago, bringing a large number of passengers and later news from Monterey. We regret to say that the report touching an accident to Capt. Randolph Ridgely was fell wounded. That gallant officer are this, we doubt not, is no more. A whole nation will lament his loss.
The propeller Edith also arrived yesterday morning, having left Brazos Santiago on the 7th inst. Capt. Gatlin, of the 7th Infantry, who was wounded at Monterey, came, passenger on the Edith. She also brought over Captain McCerren and Messrs. T. Mewis, W. Armstrong, and Archinger.
CAPT. RANDOLPH RIDGELY. - Terrible Accident. - Maj. Dashiell, U. S. Paymaster, who left Monterey to days after us, and overtook us at Camargo, brought intelligence that has cast a gloom over every heart. He states that on the 25th ult., the day after we left, as Captain Ridgely was riding onto town to dine with Lieut. Mackall, his horse slipped on the smooth pavement, and he was thrown with such violence against a rock as to cause a severe fracture of the skullHe lay senseless when Maj. Dashiell left, on the following day, and no hope of his recovery was entertained by the surgeons. In parting with this splendid young officer, I little thought that before I reached home it would become my duty to chronicle so painful an event concerning him. The world never produced a braver men or better soldier than Randolph Ridgely. A nobler spirit was never encased in the human form -- a kinder heart never beat. I cannot bring myself to feel that the gallant Ridgely has diedthus; the thought is too cruel to be entertained. I can well imagine the heart-rending emotions of the comrades who surround him. They have seen him emerge unscathed from several battles, where he behaved with almost unparalleled heroism. They all loved him, for he was kind, frank and generous to every one.
"Hold on, Charley, and let me draw the rifle."
Poor Ridgely- how many a brave comrade would have drawn upon himself the shaft of death to have avarted it from thee.
--------
H.
On the Rio Grande, Nov. 1st, 1846.
In an affray between two Texans named Peche and Allen, in Matamoros on the 27th ult. the latter was killed by a blow and a kick. No weapons were used. Daniel Murphy and John Kinsey fought a duel opposite Matamoros on the 2d inst. Murphy was severely wounded in the side.
Lieut. P. Kearny's company of [....] Matamoros on the 30th ult., and left on the 2d inst. for Monterey.
Two companies of Artillery, one [H] under Capt. Norman, the other [F] under Lieut. Haskins, broke up their quarters at Matamoros on the 3d inst., and would leave immediately for Monterey.
Reports were current at Matamoros on the 4th inst., among the Mexican residents that Tampico had been taken, by our squadron. The Americans did not know what to make of the report. We make two extended extracts from the Flag.
[From the American Flag of the 28th ult.]
MEXICAN RUMOR. - It was rumored yesterday in Mexican circles, that the troops which were on their way to San Luis Potosi from Saltillo (noticed as a rumor in our last number) have been ordered back to that place by Santa Anna, who has joined them with a large additional force. Eight thousand troops are stated to be on the evd [sic] of marching from San Luis Potosi to Tampico. A gentleman, conversant with the country and Mexican policy hints to us that, if this latter force crosses the mountains at Tuls, (being the road to Victoria) the design is to contains the march in this direction, and operate in the rear of General Taylor; but should they continue on the east side of the mountains from Tuls, (the road to Santa Barbara) their destination is certainly Tampico.
He likewise hints that much good night result from having spies out in the direction of Victoria, to watch their movements. Santa Anna, it is said, will have at Saltillo about 20,000 troops, including regulars, volunteers and rancheros.
[From the American Flag of Nov. 4th]
FROM MONTEREY. - We have advices from this post as late as the 26th ult. To the politeness of a friend we are indebted for a few items of news. The health of the troops is said to be rather bad at this time, the principal complaints being the diarrhea and chills and fever. It is supposed that the fruit, so readily obtained there, increases the sickness.
A gentlemen recently returned from Monterey, who has had a good opportunity of forming a correct opinion of the future movements of Gen. Taylor, expresses it as his belief that, after garrisoning Saltillo, the main body of the army will take up the line of march for Tampico, where it will be reinforced preparatory to making a descent upon San Luis Potosi, which is generally supposed will be the next battle scene.
It seems to be an ascertained fact in Gen. Taylor's camp, (Mexican rumors in this city to the country, notwithstanding) that Saltillo is not to be defended - the whole Mexican force being fortified in the strongest possible manner.
It is also stated to us that Victoria and all the principal towns in Tamaulipas
are to be immediately garrisoned, and we would speculate that it is with
the ultimate object of placing all the country on the east or northeast side
of the United States, to be held as a portion of her territory and as an
indemnification for the war. The state of feeling on this subject cannot
be misunderstood. Every day it becomes more apparent that this range of mountains
is henceforth to be the dividing line between Mexico and the United States
It can no longer be viewed as a vague supposition - such we believe to be
the fixed intention of the American Government - in no other way can she
be indemnified for the war.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846, RW46v23i93p1c6 Untitled, New Orleans
New Orleans, Nov. 14
MELANCHOLY CASUALITY-Captain Randolph Ridgely-The gallant officer, who has won so many laurels in the war, is supposed to have lost his life at monterey, about three weeks ago, in a most melancholy manner.- Tropic.
SINGULAR AND ALMOST FATAL OCCURRENCE-We were told yesterday of a singular occurrence which happened on the steamboat Pike No. 8, on her recent trip from Cincinnati to this port. One of our most respected citizens, Mr. A.S. Trotter, agent we believe, for the Bank of Kentucky, in the city, was a passenger on board, and on Monday night last, at about nine o'clock, when the Pike was some forty miles from the city, he retired to his state-room. When nearly asleep he was roused by the report of a pistol in the state-room adjoining, and at the same time experienced a sharp, smarting pain on the top of his head, the blood pouring from it freely. The state-room from which the shot proceeded was immediately searched, and found recent, though a hole in the partion, close to the head of Mr. T's [...], showed that the ball, which was found flattened against the opposite wall, failed but by a hair's breadth of its deadly aim. Notwithstanding the most diligent search,nothing could be found of the intended assassin, and we understand that Mr. T. has been unable, thus far, to obtain any clue to the mystery. Several strangers got on the boat at Louisville, and probably the impression that Mr. Trotter had a large amount of money with him was the incentive to be the attempted murder. The ball, which has been preserved, is evidently from a revolver.-[...]
NAVAL- Capt. S.H. [...] has received orders to take command of the U.S.
line of battleship Ohio, and proceed to sea with all possible dispatch,
under sealed orders. Her destination is unknown, but presumed to be Vera
Cruz.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846 RW46v23i93p1c7 The Very Latest from Monterey
We yesterday received, after our main news from the Army was made up, a letter from a distingushed officer of the American Army at Monterey, whichis three days later than anything we have seen. That portion of it in relation to Bustamente we look upon as rather doubtful, although the old General may have been sent up in the neighborhood of Chihuahua and Sonora to look after Gen. Wool. We make extracts from the letter, which is dated:
MONTEREY, Oct., 29, 1846.
Poor Ridgely is dead. He was buried yesterday and is mourned by the entire
Army. Maj. Lear will not live twenty-four hours longer. We have late news
from San Luis de Potos [...]. The effect that Santa Anna was there with 12,000
men and no less than thirty-seven generalsHe was recruiting daily, but his
intentions were not known. It is rumored that Bustamente has gone [...] in
the direction of Chihuahua, to meet Gen. Wool, and farther it is positively
asserted that the Indians are killing add laying waste all before them in
the latter State. Not a line more in the shape of news. Yours, a.e. &c.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846, RW46v23i93p2c7 Marine Intelligence
Brig. Ruby, [...], lebec, with [...], to Davenport. [...] & Co.
Scht Edward, Kenny, Boston.
Scht Express, Foxwell, Baltimore
Scht Fox, Patterson, Norfolk.
SAILED.
Brig. [...] Hamet, Crane, Norfolk.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846 RW46v23i93p2c4 Official Dispatches from Gen. Taylor
The Official Despatches [sic].
We lay before our readers this morning, Gen. Taylor's official account of the operations of that portion of the army under his command, in the brilliant attack upon Monterey. The letters of Generals Butler, Hamer and Quitman will appear to-morrow [sic], and Gen. Worth's on the next day.
The Union of Saturday night states that official despatches [sic] have
also been received from Gen. Wool, who was within three or four day's march
of Monclova, and 135 miles from Monterey. "It appears (says he Union) from
Gen. Taylor's letter, that Gen. Ampudia had abandoned Saltillo without
completing its fortifications, and had gone southwardly, probably to San
Luis de Potosi, instead of going to cope with Gen. Wool. Gen. Taylor considers
himself almost as much master of Saltillo as if he were actually in the city."
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846, RW46v23i93p2c5 Volunteers of Virginia
YOUR COUNTRY calls for your services Virginians, who never yet faltered in the hour of peril is required to furnish a Regiment of Infantry. We have engaged to enroll two Companies as a part of the Old Dominion's quota. Come, then, YOUNG GALLANT MEN, of this time honored Commonwealth and gallantly sustain her high reputation for patriotism and devotion to the Union.
We have opened places of [...] in this city, where enrolments [sic] can be made and full explainations furnished. The service will afford opportunity for all of winning the highest [...].
Quarters will be furnished to all at once who come from the country, and every comfort provided. Apply to either of the [...].
R.G. SCOTT, Jr.
Richmond, Nov. 24, 1846.
E.C. CARRINGTON.
[AMB]
Tuesday, RW46v23i93p2c2, November 24, 1846: Correspondence of the Baltimore Clipper, Washington Nov. 20, 1846
The testimony of the case of General Van Nese.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846 RW46v23i93p3c1 Policy of Annexation
If there were no other reason to induce us to doubt the sound policy of extending the limits of the confederacy, upon our Southwestern frontier, the fact that the acquisition on additional territory and its formation into now States must inevitably bring up another question of equal importance and even greater delicacy, and more immediately threatening the permanency of the Union, should, we conceive, make us pause in the career of conquest, even though we were assured that our victorious legions might hereafter meet with fewer and less serious impediments than they have encountered and overcome in their toilsome and periloos march to the "table-lands" of Mexico. That question, as we have heretofore intimated, is the admission of new Slave States into the Union. That this issue will be made, not by the fanatical Abolitionists alone, who are alike contemptible in numbers and in influence, but by the people of the non-Slaveholding States with almost entire unanimity, does not, we think, admit of a doubt. Even while the war with Mexico is in progress, this design is unequivocally proclaimed by the Northern politicans - who being influenced less by philanthropical considerations than by a determination to maintain the preponderance of the "free" States in the federal councils, will be less likely to abandon their position when the struggle for sectional ascendancy shall come on. The proposition of Mr. Wilmot of Pennsylvania, at the last session of Congress, introduced in connection with a bill to which it had no sort of relevancy, and the unanimity with which, in despite of its incongruity with the measure pending before Congress, it was sustained by the votes of the Northern members, of both parties, evince a foregone conclusion on this question too plainly to permit a reasonable doubt, that whenever the question shall arise, they will be prepared to resist the admission of any new State into the Union, even though it be organized in the section of country between the Neuces and the Rio Grande, the occupation of which by Gen. Taylor's forces precipitated the war with Mexico, save on the condition that Slavery shall forever be excluded from its limits. For it will be remembered that Mr. Wilmot's proviso to the Two Million bill declared substantially that in no territories which may be hereafter acquired from Mexico shall Slavery be permitted to exist. That they will firmly adhere to this position is certain. What course it will become the South to take, should this proposition receive the deliberate sanction of Congress, it does not become us to suggest, nor indeed is it proper now to determine. Sufficient for the day will be the evil thereof; and it is, in our estimation, one of the gravest objections to the war of conquest in which we are now engaged with Mexico, that it may lead to a catastrophe scarcely dreamed of, in the outset, by its authors. That we are justified in the apprehensions we have expressed, might be shown by a number of articles from Northern journals of both parties. We content ourselves, however, for the present, with inviting the attention of our readers to the subjoined extract from an interesting letter from Washington, which we find in the New York Herald. The writer, after giving a sketch of the proceedings of the House of Representatives on the Two Million bill, and the adoption of Wilmot's Anti-Slavery proviso, remarks:
"Now, the question recurs, will the north and west assent to the extension of slavery beyond the territories acquired in the annexation of Texas? No, sir; and upon this very issue we may expect, before the close of the session, if not in the beginning, a most determined and premeditated agitation. We anticipate, before the adjournment of Congress, a peace with Mexico. We shall acquire by such peace a large accession of territory, south and west of the boundaries of Texas. The Senate will be called on to raufy such treaty, and both Houses for appropriations of money, to meet its terms, and to carry it into effect. And here will arise, and here will be renewed the proviso "for arresting the extension of the area of slavery," as Mr. Brinkerhoff expresses it. The South appear to be indifferent about it, an indifference for which we cannot readily account, unless from the supposition that this circumvallation of slave States by free States is impossible. We have a different impressions. We apprehend that the undoubted possibility of the power of the North and West to gives metes [sic] and bounds to the South will be too strong a temptation for its exercise to be resisted. This single question of itself compasses a field of reflection embracing not only the fellowship of the States; but the integrity of the Union. Better would it be, and safer for the South to refuse any further acquisition of territory on that frontier under Mr. Wilmot's proviso, than to accept the half of Mexico on the condition that it is to be made a place of refuge for runaway slaves and plotting abolitionism.
"Mr. Calhoun unquestionably foresaw this difficulty in his opposition
to the declaration of "the existing war with Mexico." He foresaw that it
would precipitate another is [...] nearer [...], which might otherwise be
evaded. - But he was overruled by those who had no foresight - no capacity
to see beyond the "blow-out," - the flare-up of glory and the hurrah of the
hour. In the ultimate settlement of this question, we rely upon a superintending
Providence, though we expect a great deal of difficulty before we shall
perfect a treaty with Mexico, however good the understanding that may be
secured between Uncle Sam and Santa Anna. The difficulty to a treaty lies
in Wilmot's proviso."
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846, RW46v23i93p3c3 The Horrors of War
The Louisville Journal publishes the following extract from Monterey, describing a most touching incident in the great battle.-The poor victim should have a monument erected to her memory.
CAMP MONTEREY, OCT. 7, 1846
Hungry and cold, I crept to one corner of the fort to get in the sunshine,
and at that time to shelter myself from the bombs that were flying thinck
around me. I looked out, and, some two or three hundred yards from the fort,
I saw a Mexican female carrying water and food to the wounded men of both
armies. I saw her lift the head of one poor fellow-give him water, and then
take the handkerchief from her own head and bind up his wounds; attending
one or two others in the same way, she went back for more food and water.
As she was returning I heard the crack of one or two guns, and she poor
good creature fell; after a few struggles all was still-she was dead. I
turned my eyes to heaven and thought "Oh God and this is war?" I cannot
believe but that the shot was an accidental one. The next day, passing into
another fort, I passed her dead body. It was lying on its back, with the
bread and broken gourd containing a few drops of water. We buried her amidst
showers of grape and round shot, occasionally dodging a shell or twelve pounder,
and expecting every moment to have another grave to dig for one of ourselves.
J. R. B.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846, RW46v23i93p3c3 Later from Monterey, Additional & Interesting From Monterey
Later from Texas.
ADDITIONAL AND INTERESTING FROM MONTEREY.
The steamship Galveston, Capt. [...], arrived here yesterday from Galveston, which port she left on the 10th last. She brings no later news from the army. Capt. G. [...], formerly connected with the Galveston News, arrived in that city on Sunday, the 8th instant, having left Monterey on the 13th [...] to which date our [...], already published sometime ago, reach. This gentleman, however, brings some intelligence which conflicts a little with the information we have already given our readers, regarding the system of operations to be adopted by the Mexican army, in opposing the advance of Gen. Taylor. For instance, he says that the opinion at Monterey was, that Gen. [...] had not retreated from [...] to San Luis [...], but that he had marched with an overwhelming [...] to meet Gen. Wool, and prevent his juncture with Gen Taylor. We give extracts from the Galveston News below, in reference to this subject.
Among the passengers who have arrived in this city on the steamship Galveston, are the gallant hays and the [...] Walker, whose exploits are in every mouth in this [...] Republic whose names will be household words to [...] [...] the youthful generation of each successful epoch of our history, to deeds of high adventure- to conduct of [...] bearingThey are accompanied by some of their companions in arms-Capt. McMullen, and [...] Cage. Wherever they go honors will be showered on then in profussion, by an admiring and grateful people.
The reception given to Colonel Hays and Captain Walker by the citizens of Galveston was marked by the highest enthusiasm. Here is the notice of their arrival, and the proceedings to which that event gave rise:
"Cols. Hays and Walker, distinguished before and since the beginning of the war between the United States and Mexico, arrived here on Thursday morning, on board the steamer [...], from Houston. They both appear in fine health; and though still in the morning of life; when honors most [...] men, they wear their laurels as modestly as if unconscience of their existance. To see them, one might think they had never encountered scenes more rugged than might be presented upon a farm, or in some peaceful town, where the alarms of war were never heard. Yet the fatigues of the wilderness-storm on the desert-Mexican dungeons-famine-and war-have scarcely any terrors which they have not faced. Texas is, and well may be, proud to call them her citizen soldiers.
"A ball and banquet was given to those gentelmen, by the Mayor and Board
of Aldermen, at the City Hall over the New Market, on Thursday evening.
The company was very large, and graced as it was by the beauty and chivary
of our young State, it is not to be wondered that, . . . [illegible] . . .
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846 RW46v23i93p3c3 Texas Election Returns
The election returns come in very slowly as usual, but the report
from every part of the country, as far as we have yet heard, is nearly
uniform, giving Mr. Pilsbury an overwhelming majority over every other candidate.
We can give the exact vote of but few countries, but have heard the general
results in Victoria, Port Lavacca, Matagords, St. Joseph's Island, Pass Cavallo,
Colorado county. Washington, Austin, Fort Bend, Brazoria, Montgomery, Robertson,
and some other countries, in all of which Mr. Pilsbury's majority is doubtless
very larrge. In Bexa, Colonel Williams, it is thought, received a small
majority. In Comal, Gonzales, and probably in Travis, Judge Jones is probably
ahead of his competitors. It is thought to be doubtful whether Judge Baylor
has a majority in any county. With these exceptions, it is said Judge Pilsbury
will carry all or nearly all the counties in this district. No doubt as to
the result can therefore be entertained. - News, 10th instant.
[AMB]
Tuesday, November 24, 1846 RW46v23i93p3c4 Correspondence of the European Times
PARIS, October 29. - The news brought by the Great Western is given
in all the newspapers of this morning at considerable length. No comments,
however, of sufficient importance to be transcribed are made upon it by any
one journal. It seems, nevertheless, to be the opinion of the Parisian press,
that the United States Government has made a great error in deciding that
its invading army shall levy contributions from the Mexicans. As long as
the army paid its away the mexicans, having no patriotism, or at least very
little, were not ill-disposed to the invadeers, and, in fact, rather welcomed
them than otherwise. But now that the interests of the Mexicans will be,
not promoted as heretofore, but cruelly injured, it is believed by the Parisian
journals that the whole population will become most exasperated against the
Americans, and will resist them by all the means in their power. In that
case, it is calculated that grave difficulties, perhaps disaster and defeat,
are in store for the Americans, for they will have to struggle at one and
the same time against all the difficulties that an army can encounter - against
troops superior in number, against harrassing guerilla forces, against a
hostile population, against a horrible climate, against the difficulties
of a wild country, without roads, and often times mountainous, against sickness,
against want of provisions, and perhaps, also, against the reluctance, the
discouragement, the desertion, and the want of discipline of their own soldiers.
Notwithstanding all this, it is not doubted for one moment, that if the Americans
could get fairly hand to hand with the Mexicans, the latter, would get severely
licked, however great might be the odds in their favor. Touching the annexation
of the province of New Mexico, few observations are made, hough some papers
notice the vest addition it makes to the already gigantic territory of the
United States. It does not appear to be thought, however, that the annexation
can at [...] be considered no definitive. That it was made without a single
blow being struck, in unhesitatingly [...]scribed to the [...] of the Mexican
governor.
[AMB]
Friday, November 27, 1846 RW46v23i94p1c2 Col. Benton
The New York Tribune makes the following remarks in regard to the rumored reconciliation between Col. Benton and the Administration:
"New Treaty at Washington. - It has for some days been reported from the Federal Metropolis that Col. Benton has given in his unqualified adhesion to the ruling dynasty, and will be the Administration leader in the Senate at the coming session.
"We have just learned what is the quid pro quo of this adhesion. Col. Benton's son-in-law, J.C. Fremont, who was recently jumped over three or four grades of his seniors in the Army, and from a Lieutenant made a Lieutenant Colonel, has been appointed Governor of California So Stockton, Stevenson, Mason and all are adrift. Fremont is to be the autocrat of the new empire, as the price of 'O'd Bullion's' support of the tottering Executive. Such is the advantage of having a powerful friend at Court. Such is the game which great men (in station) play, using for dice the bones of the undistinguished multitude. We have this information privately, of course, but from such a source that we feel very sure of its authenticity."
If reliance is to be placed upon a statement in the fol-following [sic] letter from Washington, however, the rumor to which it refers is groundless. We do not, however, vouch for the authenticity of the statement of our correspondent, nor endorse what he says:
WASHINGTON, 23 Nov., 1846.
You may depend on it, as far as Col. Benton is himself to be relied on, that there is no foundation for the rumor of President and the poke stalk organ on which the President plays. Whatever these relations were, when the great Missouri Mammoth walked over and demonlished the 54-40 men, such they are now - Of the organ he speaks with unreserved contempt, and says if it had been nurtured then as now, it would have broken down even Jackson's administration. The promotion of his accomplished son-in-law Fremont, he regards, not as favors from the administration, but as the due reward of superior intellect and enterprise.
Strange stories are afloat about the corrupt uses of the Telegraph as connected with great stock operations between its starting point, near the Treasury, and Wall Street in New York. The natural effect of disgust at seeing this great invention already [...], purposes, is to make the press cry aloud for its being placed under control of government - and what then? Would there be any the less danger of its abuse, under such men as Cave Johnson?
X. Y.
[AMB]
Friday, November 27, 1846, RW46v23i94p1c4 Official Dispatches, Monterey
HEADQUARTERS 2D DIVISION OF ARMY OF OCCUPATION.
Monterey, Mexico, Sept 28, 1846.
SIR: I have the honor to report that, in obedience to the verbal orders of the general-in-chief, the division under my command, composed of Lieut Col Duncan's battery of horse artillery, artillary battallion, (Lieut Col Childs,) and eighth regiment, (Capt Scriven,) constituting the first brigade, under Lieut Col Staniford; Lieut Mackall's battery horse artillery, fifth infantry, (Maj Scott;) seventh, (Captain Miles;) and one company Louisianna volunteers, (Capt Blanchard,) second brigade, under Brigadier General Persiler F Smith, (Col of rifles,) and Col Hay's regiment of Texan mounted riflemen, moved from the main camp at El Bouque de St. Domingo at 2, p.m., on the 20th.
My instructions were, by a detour to the right, to endeavour to find and reach the Saltilto road, effect a through reconnoissance, of the approaches to the city from that direction, to cut off supplies and reinforcements, and, if praciicable, carry the heights.
Owing to the difficulties of the ground after leaving the Marine, and brfore striking the Presquina Grande road, the division had reached only six miles- in consequence of the delay in making the route practicable for artillery, which service was executed by Captain Sanders-at 6, p.m., and was halted just without the range of a gun-battery upon the summit of an isolacted hill called Loma de Inderpendencia, midway on the ascent of which was the Bishop's Palace.-Thence a reconnoissance was made, under cover of a setachments of Hay's Texans, to the intersection of the Presquina Grande route then on our possession, with the Saltillo road. This examination resulted in the conviction that the grounds in our front and on our left, in advance, constituted at the same time the weak and the strong points of the enemy's position, and entered mainly into the defences of the city-the weak point, because commanding the only lines of retreat and of supply in the direction of Saltillo,and controlling that in direction of Presquina Grande; the strong point, because of the peculiarly defensive character of the hills and gorges, and of the very careful and skillful manner, with which they had been fortified and guarded. It was also clearly indicated that our further advance would be strenuously resisted.
On the morning of the 21st, the division was put in motion, and with such formation as to present the readiest order of battle on any point of assault. At 6, the advance, consisting of Hay's Texans, supported by the light companies 1st brigade, under Capt. C. F. Smith, (both extended, as the valley widened or contracted,) closely followed by Ducan's light artillery, and battallion, heads of columns, on turning an angle of the mountain, at a hacienda called San Jeronimo, came upon a strong force of calalry and infantry, mostly the former. A conflict immediately ensued. The Texans received the heavy charge of cavalry with their unerring rifles, and usual gallantry; the light companies opened a rapid and well-directed fire; Duncan's battery was in action in one minute, (promptly supported by a section of Mackall's,) delivering itd fire over the heads of our men. Ere the close of the combat, which lasted but fifteen minutes, the first brigade had fromed to the front, on the right and left, and delivered its fire. The second brigade was held in reserve, the ground not admitting of its deployment. The enemy retired in disorder, (leaving on the ground one hundred killed and wounded; among the former, Don Juan N. Najira, colonel of the permanent regiment of lancers,) upon the Saltillo raod, and was closely persued until we got possession of the gorge, where all the debouches from Monterey unite, whereby the force just defeated, as also reinforcements and supplies from that direction, were excluded from entering the city. At this important point the division was halted, and attention directed toward the mountain forts which envelop the city on its western and southwestern faces. Soon discovering, however, that our position brought us within effective range of the batteries, the troops were advanced some eight hundred yards farther on the Saltillo road.
The examination, thus far, had manifested, besides the importantance of the positions, the impracticablity of any effective operations against the city, until possessed of the exterior forts and batteries. Independent, however, of ulterior objects, the occupation of these heights became indispensable to the restoration of our line of communication with headquarters, necessarily abandoned for the moment, in order to secure the gorges of the Saltillo road. At 12, m., a force was detached under the Capt C F Smith, with orders to storm the batteries on the crest of the nearest hill, called Federacion, and after taking that to carry the fort called, Soldada, on the ridge of the same height, retired about 600 yards. The two effectually guarded the slopes and roads in either valley, and consequently the approaches to the city. This command consisted of four companies, (K2d, B 3d, and G and H, 4th artillery,) of the artillery battalion, and Green's McGowan's R A Gillespie's, Chandler's Ballowe's and McCulloch's companies of Texan riflemen, under Major Chevalier, acting in co-operation- in all about 300 effectives. It was impossible to mask the movement of the storming party. On approaching the base of the mountain, the guns of both batteries upon a plunging fire,and numerous light troops were seen descending and arranging themselves at favorable points on the slope. Perceiving these insications of determined resistance, Capt. Miles was detached with the 7th. to support and co-operate with the first party. In a short time the [...] became general, the enemy gradually yielding and retiring up the rugged acclivity, and our men as steadily pursuing. The appearance of heavy reinforcements on the summit, and the cardinal importantance of the operation demanding further support-the 5th under Major Scott and Blanchard's company of volunteers were immediately detached, accompanied by Brigadier General Smith, who was instructed to take direction in that quarter. On reaching the advance parties, Gen. Smith discovered that under favor of the ground, he could, by diverting a portion of the force to the right, and moving it obliquely up the hill, carry the Soldada simultaneously with the Federacion. He accordingly very judiciously pointed, and accompanied the 5th, 7th, and Blanchard's company, in that direction. Captain Smith's command having most gallantly carried the first object of attack, promptly turned the captured gun_a nine pounder-upon the second, and moved on with his main body to participate in the assault upon Soldada-which was carried in gallant style by the forces unfer Scott, Miles, Blanchard, and Hays [ who had been detached on special service, but who returned in time to share with fifty of his men in the first assault, and to take a prominent part in the second,] the whole directed by Gen. Smith.
At this point we secured another 9-pounder, and immediately both pieces were brought to bear upon the Bishop's Palace, situated upon and midway the southern slope of the hill Independencia, a valley of only six hundred yards intervening. We had now secured an important advantage, and yet but half the work was done. The possession of these heights only made the more apparent the controlling importance of those opposite, and the necessity od occupying the palace. A violent storm ensued, and night closing in, operations for the day ceased. The troops had now been thirty six hours without food, and constantly taxed to the utmost physical exertions. Such as could be permitted, slept with arms in hand, subjected to a pelting storm, and without covering, till 3 a.m., when they were aroused to carry the hill Independencia.
Lieut. Col. Childs was assigned to lead this storming party, consisting of three companies, H and G 4th, and A 3d, (artillery battalion;) three companies 8th infantry, (A, B, and D,) under Capt. Scriven, with two hundred Texan riflemen, under Col. Hays and Lieut. Col. Walker, (captain of rifles,) acting in co-operation. The command moved at 3, conducted to its point of ascent by Capt. Sanders, military, and Lieut. Meade, topographical engineers. Favored by the weather, it reached by dawn of day within about one hundred yards of the crest, in which position, among the clefts of rocks, a body of the enemy had been stationed the previous evening in appartent anticipation of attack. The enemy's retreating fire was ineffectual, and not returned until Cols. Childs's and Hays's command had reached within a few yards of the summit, when a well directed and destructive fire, followed by the bayonent of the regulars and rush of the Texans, placed us in possession of the work; the cannon having been previously withdrawn, no impression could be made upon the massive wails of the palace or its outworks without artillery, except at enormous sacrifice.
Lieut. Roland, of Duncan's battery, was ordered from the main camp with a 12 pound howitzer; and in two hours, (aided by fifty men from the line, under Capt. Sanders, military engineers, for the purpose of seclecting the route less difficult,) that enterprising and gallant officer had his gun in position, having ascended and acehvity, as rugged as steep, between seven and eight hundred feet in two hours. A fire was immediately opened from the howitzer, covered by the epaulement of the captured battery, upon the palace and its outworks-four hundred yards distant-and soon produced a visible senation.
Meanwhile, to reinforce the position, the 5th, Major Scott, and Blanchard's volunteers, had been passed from the first height's and reached the second in time to participate in the operation's against the palace.
After many affairs of light troops and saveral [...] a heavy [...] was made, sustained by a strong corps of cavalry, with desperate resolution, to repossess the heights. Since the move had been anticipated and prepared for, Lieut. Col. Childs had advanced under cover, two companies of light troops under the command of Captain Vinton, acting major, and judiciously drawn up the main body of his [...] and, flanked on the right by Hays, and left by Walker's Texans. The enemy advanced boldy, was repulsed by one general discharge from all arms, fled in confusion closely pressed by Childs and Hays, preceded by the light troops under Vinton; and while they fled past our troops entered the palace and fort. In a few moments the unpretending flag of the Union had replaced the gaudy standard of Mexico. The captured guns-one six-inch howitzer, one twelve and two nine pounder brass guns, together with Duncan's and Mackall's field batteries, which came up at a gallop, were in full and effective play upon the retiring and confussed masses that filled the street of which we had the [...] leading to the nearest plaza, la capella, also crowded with troops. At this moment the enemy's loss was heavy. The investment was now complete. Except the force necessary to hold the positions on independencia and serve the guns, ([...] to points whence the shot could be made to reach the great plaza.) the division was now concentrated around the palace, and preparation made to assualt the city on the following day, or sooner, should the general-in-chief either so directed, or, before communication be had, [...] the assualt from the opposite quarter. In the meantime attention was directed to every provision our circumstances permitted to alleviate the condition of our wounded soldiers and officers; to the decent interment of the dead, not omitting in either respect [...] that was due to those of the enemy.
About 10 A.M. on the 23d, a heavy fire was heard in the opposite quarter. Its magnitude and continuance, as well as other circumstances, did not permit a doubt that the general was conducting a main attack; and that his orders for my co-operation (having to travel a circuit of some six mile,) had miscarried, of failed to reach me by the means of the numerous cavalry of the enemy.-Under these convictions, the troops were instantly ordered to commence an operation whcich, if not otherwise directed, I had designed to execute in part, under favor of the night. Two columns of attack were organized, to move along the two principle streets leading from our position, in directin of the great plaza composed of light troops slightly extended, with orders to mask the men whenever practicable, avoid those points swept by the enemy's artillery; to press on to the first plaza, Capella; to get hold of the ends of the streets beyond, then enter the buildings, and by means of picks and bars break through the longitudinal sections of the walls; work from house to house, and ascending to the roofs, to place themselves upon the same breast-height with the enemy. Light artillery by sections and pieces, under Ducan, Roland, Mackall, Martin, Hays, Irons, Clarke, and Curd, followed at suitable intervals, covered by reserves to guard the places and the whole operation against the probable enterprizes cavalry upon our left. This was effectually done by seizing and commanding the head of every creoss street. The streets were, at different and well chosen points barricaded by heavy masonry walls, with embarasures for one or more guns, and in every instance well supported by cross [...]. These arrangements of defence gave to our operatins at this moment a complicated character, demanding much care and precaution; but the work went on steadily, simutaneously and successfully. About the time our assault commenced, the fire ceased from our force in the opposite quarter. Disengaged on the one side, the enemy was enabled to shift men and guns to our quarter as was soon manifested by accumulation of fire. At dark we had worked through the walls and squares, and reached to within one block of the great plaza, leaving a covered way in our rear- carried a large buildning which towered over the principle defences, and durning the night and ensuing morning, crowned its roof with two howitzers and a six-pounder. All things were now prepared to renew the assault at dawn of day, when a flag was sent in, asking a momentary suspension of fire, whcih led to the capitulation upon terms so honorable to our arms. As the columns of attack was moving from the Palace hill, Major Monroe, chief of artillery, reached me with a ten inch mortar, which was immediately advanced to the plaza, Chapel, put in position marked by the church wall, its bed adjusted as rapidly as possible, and by sunset opened upon upon the great square. At this period our troops had worked to within one square of the plaza. The exact position of our comrades on the opposite side was not known, and the distance of the position to be assaulted from the bomb battery but conjectural; eight hundred yards was assumed, and fuze and charge regulated accordingly; the first shell fell a little short of the point on which it was directed, and beside our troops; a slight increase of the projecting charge gave exact results. The whole service was managed by Major Monroe, most admirably, and, combined with other operations, exercised a decided influence upon the final results. Early on the moring of the 23, Major Brown, artillery battalion, was despatched with a select command, and one section of Mackall's battery, under Lieut. Irons, to occupy the stone mill and adjacent grounds, constituting on league in advance, the narrow gorge near St. Catarina. The major took possession, repulsed the enemy's picquets, and was preparing his command to resist anyattack, when he received my orders to retrace his steps, enter the city, and form the main reserve to the assaulting columns. He On the 25th, in comformity with the articles of capitulation, the citadel was taken possession of by a command consisting of two companies of each regiment, and one section of each battery, 2d division. Gen. Smith was directed to take command of this corps, and conduct the ceremony, which duty he executed with delicacy to the unhappy and humiliated foe.
You will receive lists of captured munitions of war; lists of such as were surrendered, have already been handed in. It is a source of high gratification that we have been able to accomplish such fortunate results with so moderate a sacrifice of gallant men. Annexed is a return of killed and wounded, exhibiting dates, actions, and circumstances.
When every officer and every soldier, regular and volunteer, has through a series of harassing and severe conflicts, in the valley and on the mountain, in the street and on the house-top, cheerfully, bravely, and successfully executed every service and complied with every exaction of valor and patriotism, the task is as difficult as delicat to distinguish individuals; and yet it will always happen, as it has always happened in the varied scenes of battle and seige, that fortune presents to some those oppportunities which all would have seized with gladness and [...]. It is my pleasuring and grateful duty to present to the consideration of the general in chief, and through him to the government, the distingushed conduct of Brigadier General Smith, colonel of rifles; Brevet Lieutenant ColonelChilds, artillery battalion; Colonel Hays, Texas riflemen, Brevet Lt. Colonel Ducan, horse artillery; and Sapt.[sic] C. F. Smith, secondartillery, commanding light troops 1st brigade.\par My thanks are also especially due to Lieutenant Colonel Stanford, 8th, (commanding first brigade;) Maj., chief of artillery, (general staff;) Brevet Major Brown, Capt, J R Vinton, artillery battalion; Capt. J B Scott, artillery battalion, (light troops,) Maj. Scott commanding, and Capt. Merrill, 5th; Captain, Miles commanding, Holmes and Ross, 7th infantry; and Capt Seriven, commanding 8th infantry; to Lieut. Col. Walker, (captain rifles,) Maj. Chevalier, and Capt. McCulloch, of the Texans and Captain Blanchard, Louisiana volunteers to Lieuts. Mackall, (commanding battery,) Roland, Martin, Hays, Irons, Clarke and Curd, horse artillery; Lieut. Longstreet, commanding light company, 8th Lieut. Ayres, artillery battalion, who was among the first in the assualt upon the palace, and who secured the colors. Each of the officers named either headed special detachments, columns of attack, storming parties, or detached guns, and all were conspicuous for conduct and courage. My attention has been particulary directed by Gen. Smith to the gallant conduct of Lieut. Gardner, 7th infantry, durning the assault upon the city; on which occasion he threw himself in advance, and on the most exposed points animating the men by his brave example. Particular attention has also been called to the Lieuts. Nicholls, (brother,) Louisiana volunteers, as having highly distinguished themselves by personal daring and efficient service. The officers of brigade and regimental staff were conspicuous in the field, or in their particular departments. Liuetenants Hanson, (commanding,) Vandore, aid-de-camp, 7th; Lieut. Robinson, 5th, (quartermaster's department) on the staff of Gen. Smith; Lieut. and Adjt. Clarke, 8th infantry, staff 1st brigade; Lieuts. Benjamin, adjutant artillery battalion; G [...] adjutant 5th; and Page, adjutant 7th infantry, are highly commended by their respective chiefs, to the justness of which I have the pleasure to add my personal observation. Incommon with the entire division, my particular thanks are tendered to assistant surgeons Porter, (senior,) Byrne, Conrad, DeLeon, and Roberts, (medical department,) who were ever at hand in the close fight, promptly administering to the wounded and suffering soldier. To the officers of the Staff, general and personal, more especially associated with myself-Hon. Col. Balie Peyton, Louisiana troops, who did me the honor to serve as aid-de-camp; Capt. Sanders, militery engineers; Lieut. Meade, topographical engineers; Lieuts. E Deas, Daniels and Ripley, quartermaster's and commissary's staff; and Lieuts. Pemberton, 4th artillery, and Wood 8th infantry, my aides de-camp-I have to express the greatest obligation. In such diversified operations durning the three days and nights, they were condstantly in motion, performing every executive duty with zeal and inteligence only surpassed by daring courage in conflict. i beg to commend each to special consideration.
We have to [...] the gallant Capt. McKavatt, 8th infantry, an officer of high merit, killed on the 21st, and Gillespie, Texas volunteers, on the 22d. The latter eminently distinguished himself which leading his brave company at the storming of the first height, and perished in aeeking similar distinction on a second occasion; Capt. Gatlin and Lieut. Potter, 7th; Lieuts. Russell 5th, and [...] right, 8th infantry, and Lieut. Reece, Texas riflemen, received honorable, happily not mortal wounds.
The following, non-commissioned officers are reported as having highly distinguished themselves. Sergeants Hazard, 4th, and Dilworth, 3d artillery. Quartermaster Sergeant Henry, 7th infantry; Cross, company C; Rounds, [...], (color sergeant,) and Magg, company E; [...], company [...] and Ballard, 7th infantry.
In the several conflicts with the division, the enemy's loss is ascertained to exceed four hundred and fifty men; four nine-pounders, one twelve-pounder brass gun, one twenty-four pounder howitzer, and two national (garrison) standards captured.
Very respectfully;
Your obedient servant,
W. J. WORTH,
Brevet Brigadier General, Commanding 2d division.
Major W. W. S. [...]
Assistant Adjutant General army of occupation.
[AMB]
Friday November 27, 1846 RW46v23i94p1c6 Departure of Major General Scott
Correspondence of the Baltimore American.
Washington, Nov. 24.
General Scott and his staff are ordered to Mexico, to give additional spirit and direction to the Army. This new movement is the result of the recent communications and conferences of which I made mention in my letter of this morning, and have grown out of recent events in Mexico, and advices from the head quarters of the Army.
Gen. Scott was to leave in the mail boat this morning, and has probably gone. His destination, is Tampico, but with large additional powers to control his actions when upon the ground.
From both the Navy and War Departments, I learn that every preparation
is making for an attack upon Tampico. The force commanded by Maj. Gen. Patterson
will march from Matamoros down by the coast through Tamaulipas.
[AMB]
Friday, November 27, 1846 RW46v23i94p1c6 Later from the Army
(From the N. O. Times, Nov. 17)
The U. S. steamship Massachusetts, Capt. Wood, arrived yesterday in the river, from Brazos Santiago. The latest dates from Monterey are to the 4th; but we understand that nothing new had transpired there. Capt. Lamontte left Monterey on the 3d inst., and our private advices came down to the 2d. The gallant Maj. Lear, of the 3d Infantry, has died of his wounds. He was buried on the 1st inst.
Gen. Wool had communicated with Gen. Taylor on two occasions. It would appear that the former has detached one thousand men from his command to take possession of Monclova, and with the other two thousand proceeded on his march to Chihuahua. It seems to be regretted that General Taylor, from motives perhaps of delicacy, refrained from interfering in any way with Gen. Wool's plans.
The Regular troops had all been removed from Matamoros - the last company proceeded up the river on the 4th inst. The 3d Regiment Ohio, and 3d Indiana Volunteers, are now the sole guardians of the city. Fort Brown is likewise garrisoned by the Ohio troops. The remainder of the two regiments, with the exception of two companies of Indianians, stationed at Reynosa, are encamped on the bank of the river, just below the town.
Colonel McKee's 2d regiment of Kentucky Infantry were under marching orders for Monterey, three Companies having already left Camargo. The Georgia regiment had probably reached Gen. Taylor's camp. Gen. Marshall's regiment of Kentucky mounted men were encamped four or five miles below Camargo. Some Companies of Colonel Ormsby's regiment of Kentucky Infantry were at Camargo. The Tennessee regiment of mounted men were encamped a short distance below Matamoros.
The recruits for the regular army are sent forward to Monterey as fast
as they arrive.
[AMB]
Friday, November 27, 1846 RW46v23i94p2c4 The War - Its Results
The fact that General Scott has been ordered to proceed to the seat of war, and, it is said that, with his Staff, he left Washington city last Tuesday morning -- for the purpose of taking the command in chief of the land forces, is one of many circumstances going to show, that the Administration, tacitly confessing the want of energy and skill hiterto exhibited in the prosecution of the campaign, has been at length satisfied of the necessity of more vigorous efforts, as well as a more wisely digested plan of operations. It is rumored also that Commodore Stewart, now the Senior Naval officer, is to be sent to the Gulf of Mexico, with a considerably increased force; and we may therefore expect, at no distant day, to hear of an attack upon the fort of San Juan de Uilea -- by some persons well qualified to judge, deemed impregnable to an assault by sea, but which, defended by the Mexicans, in whose firmness, notwithstanding recent occurences have tended to increase our respect for their soldierly qualities, we have not very strong confidence, it is to be hoped may be successful.
We infer from these movements, that all hope of the speedy restoration of peace has been abandoned by the Administration. Indeed, it is so stated explicity by the "Daily Fountain," a paper published in Washington city, which professes to have "the very best authority" for its statement -- and which adds that "it has been determined to take, at all hazards, the Castle of St. Juan de Ulloa, and to occupy it and the port of Vera Cruz until our stubborn enemy shall be reduced to submission -- that Tampico, Mazitian, Alvarado, Tabasco, Campeachy, and every other Mexican port, at which trade can be carried on, is to be seized and held by our forces -- that General Taylor has been entrusted with full power and positive orders to harass and destroy the enemy in every possible way, and, so soon as the new reinforcements, which are to be increased immediately to the utmost point allowed by law, shall reach the scene of operations, to march to the city of Mexico -- and that no quarter, consistent with the rules of civilized warfare, is to be given hereafter to the enemy until he sues for peace, and shall make entire restitution for the expenses of the war."
The last remark in the above extract points to a chapter in the future history of this country, the opening sentences of which are already written, and may be read by those who run; but the concluding portion is yet sealed, and may not be fully revealed until the clouds of war shall be entirely dispersed. How is Mexico, already bankrupt and crushed to the earth by a national debt infinitely beyond her means of payment - which, indeed, has been literally unable to comply with the stipulations of its treaties with the United States, admitting its obligations and agreeing to indemnify our citizens for innumerable spoliations and robberies - how, we ask, is the Mexican Government to liquidate this large and daily augmenting amount? No one, we presume, supposes that it can pay in cash - and, as for its promises, we have already seen, that, when an infinitely smaller sum was involved, its inadequate means compelled it to allow the drafts upon iit to be dishonored. There is but one mode in which it can be made to defray the expenses of the war - and that is by the session of a portion of its territory. This, we presume, will be the ultimatum of our government, whenever the parties to the contest shall seriously address themselves to the task of its termination. The question then, is, how much territory with be deemed sufficient for this purpose? Will California, the importance of which, in a commercial point of view, and the danger, if we do not secure it, that it will fall into the hands of Great Britain, will reconcile many to its acquisition, who nevertheless look with unaffected apprehension on the consequences to the union and to the cause of free government that are likely to result from the extension of is limits - will California suffice? Or, the annexation of Texas having failed to "round off of the frontier" and to serve as a wall of defence, is there yet another "outside row" on her borders, which it is essential to secure, in order to produce this geographical symmetry and to serve as an impossible barrier to foreign aggression? Must New Mexico and Tamaulipas, Chihuahua, and New Leon be annexed to the Union, as "indemnity for the past and security for the future"? And if we are thus to extend the limits of this Republic, and to enlarge its "area" to an extent greater than that over which the Roman eagles flew, can we reasonably expect that our existing them of government will long be able to resist the disturbing and debilitating influences that will be thus necessarily combined with pre-existing antagonist interests, which, as we have seen, have been already numerous and powerful enough to threaten their overthrow?
But we will not press this enquiry now. Indeed, in the present state of our relations with Mexico, and the natural temper of the public mind, which is more interested in the events of the war than its probable results, it would be an unprofitable if not an unwelcome task. We are content to adopt the language of a toast recently given by Mr. Winshrop, the able representative in congress from the city of Boston: "OUR COUNTRY, WHATEVER ITS BOUNDARIES" - but we will add, may these bundaries never be enlarged by wars of ambition and conquest - foreign wars waged (for national aggrandizement, inevitably lie the germs of the future discord and disunion, with all the evils and horrors that must follow in their train.
We do not know that the purpose of some of our leading statesmen is correctly shadowed forth by the following half playful, half-erious [sic] letter from Washington, which we met with in the New York Herald. We copy it neverthe less, because it is "germane to the matter," and because there is not [...], in despite of the manner in which the subject is treated, food for serious thought:
WASHINGTON, Nov. 20, 1846.
Extension- Extension- Extension- The New Progressive Democracies' Battle Cry - R. J. Walker and other great men - Destiny - Prophesics and bloquence.
"Our sources of information are undentable. They are various, and all corrob[...]. The Richelieu of President Polk - the [...] of the annexation administration had project a political campaign, which if well tought with zeal vigor, and unity, (vide father Ritchie, [...] ) will not all to overthrow their enemies. The [...] of Peter the Hermit was a small potato business inclamation with the glorious undertakings now in [...] - say, resolved on by the Executive [...] of Colonel Polk. The Secretary of Treasure, we [...] has declared that there will be but two great questions resolved in the next struggle, for the Presidency, and he has [...] them in advance. First, is the upholding of the Wall [...] of 1846, without modification; and [...] the great American [...] - the progressive democratic doctine of [...]. I will give you [...] some hints on the tarriff questions. A few word, with new autlice as to "extension". It is a great - a mighty - a grand - a magnificant conception.
[...].
Ho you who are in debt, and all you who are in such bad credit that you cannot get into debt. "Ho" all you who have been turned out, and all who cannot turn into offices. Now is your time. "Extend. Extend." This will enable you all to be satisfied, contented and happy. It is the political philpsopher's tone that will [...] exhaustible wealth, and continual rejeveneacence to help progressive DemocracyThe principal never can [...]. The policy never can become extinct. The opposition of those who deprecate this mighty people becoming a great military republic will not be heard - it will be drowned in the cheering shouts of "Extension!" "Extension!" This is the true meaning of "E. Plusibus Unum." One of many may be said of each one of our "extensions." All hail the banner of liberty - shout, freeman shout. - Music there - strike up Hail Columbia. President's Quick Step, Star Spangled Banner. Yankee doodle doo Yankee doodle-Dandy, shall now play the "Extension Grand March." How magnificentI am [...] bring out your whiskey; see how the small potatoe politicians are [...] off behind the crowd. Ahmy lads, you may hand up your fiddles. The age of chivalry is come. "Extension. Extension. Extension." "Land and Liberty," are now the soul stirring war cries. Bobby Walker will make all these, people walk Spanish, or he will walk over them. "The Secretary stands [...]." Erect in his greatness - what cares he for the Presidency? Father Ritchie, and will tappen, despite the efforts of his many enemies. If he should decline the burthen his horseman, the fearless Dallas, will be. This is written in the book of fate also. It is one of the chapters in the Chronicles of the Rise and Progress of the Gorious doctrine of "Extension."
The destiny of this people can be fortold. This is an eventful era. Mawkish; common place, sentimental [...],shilly shally political the [...] and quack, are out of place. A new race is about to take th field. The Yankee Alexander, Caesars and Napoleons are now to come forth on the stage of action. "Extension" "Extension" "Extension" is now and hereafter the shibboleth to power and distinction. He who opposes it, is a doomed and defeated man.
Yours, alarmingly,
"OLD POINT."
[AMB]
Friday, November 27, 1846, RW46v23i94p2c4 Capture of Tabasco! Official dispatches from Commodore Conner
U. S. SHIP CUMBERLAND,
Off Vera Cruz, Nov 5, 1846
SIR: Herewith is transmitted a copy of a letter from Com Perry, accompanied by copies of other communications, giving a detailed account of his operations with a detachment from the squadron in the river of Tabasco. The objects of the expedition have been fully accomplished, and, by the destruction or capture of all the enemy's vessels, a check has been given to a commerce, by which munitions of war were, no doubt, introduced into Mexico from the neighboring province of Yucatan. Much praise is due to Com Perry for the skill and judgement manifested throughout the whole expedition.
The department will learn with regret the death of Lieut Charles W Morris, which took place on the 1st instant, on board the Cumberland, from a wound received at the town of Tabasco on the 26th ult. He was an officer of great promise, and his loss is a most serious one to the service.
I am, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
D CONNER,
Commanding Home Squadron.
Hon. JOHN Y. MASON,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington.
A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXPEDITION UNDER MY COMMAND ALONG THE EASTERN COAST OF MEXICO.
I left the anchorage at St John Lizardo on the evening of the 16th of October, with the steamer Mississippi, having on board a detachment of 200 officers, seamen, and marines under command of Captain French Forest, and in tow, the streamer Vixen and schooners Bonita, [...] and Nonata respectively commanded by Commander Sanda, and Lieutenants Commandant Benham, [...] , and [...] and the schooner Forward, and steamer Mclane commanded by Captains Nones and Howard of the revenue marine.
The next morning at daylight I captured, off the bar of Alavardo, the American barque Coosa found in treasonable communication with the enemy; and the same day the Vixen [...] and boarded the American schooner Portia. The Coosa was dispatched to this place as a prize, and the Portia was permitted to proceed, her papers having been [...]. From the day of our leaving "Alvarado" (the 17th) up to 22d, we had a succession of very bad weather, which gave me much trouble in keeping my little command together, durning the interval, however, we captured and sent in the Mexican schooner Telegraph."
On the 23d, all the vessels, with the exception of the [...] (previously [...] in a gale) reached the bar of the [...] Tabasco; and having determined on attacking the commercial town of [...], at the mouth of the river, and the city of Tabasco, [...] 74 miles higher up, I placed myself on board the Vixen, leaving the Mississippi in command of Commander Adams, at anchor outside, and [...] in tow the Bonita and Forward, with [...] [...] containing the documents under command of Captain Forrest, I crossed the bar, the Nonata following under [...].
The Vixen with this heavy drag steadily ascending the stream against a four-knot current, and arriving near the Frontier. I discovered two steamers (of which I had received previous information) firing up, doubtless in the hope of escape, but we were too close upon them. Casting off her tow, the Vixen proceeded ahead, followed by the other vessels and barques, and at once the town, the steamers, and all the vessels in port were in our possession, excepting only the schooner [...] which vessel attempted to escape up the river, was pursued by Lieut. Commandant [...] in the Bonita, and captured.
Desirous of reaching Tabasco before they would have time for increasing their defences, the detachment under Captain Forrest was placed on board the largest of the captured steamers, the Petrita, and she, with the Nonate, the Forward, and the barges in tow, and the Vixen, with the Bonita, left Frontera at half-past 9 the next morning, Lieutanant Walsh being left in command of the place.
After standing all night, and encountering variou incidents arising from the rapidity of the current and the [...] course of the stream, we arrived at 9 the next morning in sight of Fort Aceachappa, intended to command a most difficult pass of the river. On our approach, the men employed in preparing the guns for service fled, and we passed [...] unmolested, but I was careful to cause the guns to be spiked.
Anticipating serious resistance at this place, arrangements had been made for landing Capt Forrest with his detachments a mile below the fort, to march up and carry it by storm.
At noon, all the vessels anchored in line of battle in front of the city at half musket range, when I immediately summoned it to durrender, the boats meanwhile being employed in securing five merchant vessels found at anchor in the port.
To my summons sent by a flag with Captain Forrest a refusal to capitulate was returned, with an invitation to me to fire as soon as I pleased. Suspecting, as I did, that this answer was given more in bravado than in earnest, and being extremely relucant to destroy the place, I entertained the hope that a few shote fired over the buildings would have caused a surrender. Accordingly, I directed the guns of the Vixen alone to be fired, and at the flag-staff, sending an order to all the vessels to avoid, so far as possible, in case of a general fire, injury to the house distinguished by consular flags.
At the third discharge from the Vixen, the flag disappeared from the staff. On seeing it down, I ordered the firing cease, and sent Captain Forrest again ashore to learn whether it had been cut down by our shot, or purposely struck; the reply was that it had been shot away, and the city would not be surrendered.
I now directed Capt. Forrest, with the force under his command, to land and take a position in the city, commanded by our guns. This movement brought on a scattering fire of musketry from various parts of the city, which was returned by the flotalla.
Perceiving towards evening that the enemy did us but little injury, though openly exposed on the decks of the small vessels, and their balls passing through our slight [...] works, and apprehending, from the proverbial heedlessness of sailors, that should they and the marines be attacked in the narrow streets after dark, they would be cut off by sharp-shooters from the houses, I ordered the detachment to be re-embarked.
In this position the vessels remained all night, the crews lying at their quartes ready to return the fire of the [...] of the enemy, which it was supposed they would have had the courage to have brought down under cover of the night to the openings of the streets opposite to our vessels, but they left us undisturbed.
Learning that the merchante, and other citizens of the city, were desirous that a capitulation should be made, but were overruled by the governor, who, regardless of conquences, and secure himself against attack, was content that the city should be destroyed rather than surrendered, I determined from motives of humanity not to fire again, but to pass down to Frontera with my prizes.
In the morning, however, the fire was recommenced from shore, and was necessaity returned, but with renewed orders to regard the consular houses so far as they could be distinguished. In the midst of the fire, a flag of truce was displayed on shore: on perceiving which, I caused the firing again to cease, and Captian Forrest was sent to meet its bearer, who submitted a written communication addressed to me; a copy of which, with a copy of my reply, [...] B and C, will be enclosed.
As an assurance of my sincerity, I now hoisted a white flag and directed the prizes to drop down the stream, intending to follow with the flotilla; but in violation of the understanding implied in the before mentioned correspondence, the enemy, in discovering that one of the prizes had [...] ashore in front of the city, collected a large force within and behind the houses in the vicinity, and commenced a furious fire upon her. Lieut. Parker, of this one, in command of the prize, defended her in the most gallant mariner, and ultimately succeeded in getting her again afloat, having one of her men killed and two wounded.
It was in carrying an order to Lient. Parker that Lieut Morris was wounded. He had been of infinite service to me from the time we left Lizardo, and, conducting himself durning the bombardment with remarkable deliberation and coolness, he approached the prize in a line to cover his bond, and though apparently regardful of the safety of the officer and men of this boat, who were seated, he stood erect himself, and the ball struck him in the throat. No one can explor the fate of this very valuable young officer more than myself. His loss is irreputable to the service and his family.
It may well be supposed that on perceiving the attack upon the prize, I re-opened upon the sity, which again silenced their fire. I now proceeded with the [...] and prizes down the river. One of the prizes, a small schr of little value, having grounded in a dangerous pass, and knowing that it would be difficult to extricate her without causing unconvenient delay, I ordered her to be burned. We arrived safely at Frontera on the evening of the 26th, the Vixen having towed down the river five vessels and several barges.
From Frontera I dispatched my prizes to this place; and after destroying all the vessels and crafts found in the river of too little value to be manned, I proceeded on the 31st to rejoin you, leaving the Mclane and Forward at anchor [...] Frontera to continue the blockade of the river, and to afford protection and shelter to the [illegible].
M.C. Perry.
p.s.- I omitted to mention that [illegible] In regard to the McLane
I propose to make a special communication.
[AMB]
Friday, November 27, 1846 RW46v23i94p3c1 General Scott
We apprehend that there is some error in the statement that Gen. Scott
has been appointed to take command of the Army in Mexico. The Washington
Union, received last night, is silent on the subject, and a letter from
Baltimore, dated November 25, to the editors of the National Intelligencer,
says: "General Scott passed through Baltimore yesterday afternoon en
route to the North - New Jersey, I believe - where some members of his
family are sejourning. His business is altogether of a private nature.
He gave no intimation to those with whom he conversed for a short period
that he had been ordered to Mexico."
[AMB]
Friday, November 27, 1846 RW46v23i94p4c1 The Dispatches - The Future
In continuing the publication of the official details of the obstinately contested conflict at Monterey, we avail ourselves of the occasion to express our sincere gratification that it puts forever to rest the idle rumors, first propagated by some one or more of the innumerable letter-writers attached to the Army, of an unpleasant disagreement on the field of battle between Generals Taylor and Butler, growing out of the alleged misconduct of the latter officer. Not the slightest allusion is made to such an event, by either of them - an omission wholly irreconcilable with the presumptionof its occurence. For one, we did not for a moment believe so much of the story as imputed to Gen. Butler a want of firmness; for although it may be true that "every man has his moment of fear," it rarely happens that an old soldier, like Gen. Butler, is betrayed into an exhibition of timidity while the battle is raging around him, and his men are marching steadily forward to the attack.\par it is unfortunate, we think, that there are so many letter-writers in the Army - or rather, that there are so many presses eager to publish all that is written, not an inconsiderable portion of which must necessarily be made up of crude and ill-digested rumors, of which a camp is even more prolific than other places in which large masses of men are congregated. Nor is his the only or the most serious evil arising from this source. But partially informed, as most of the writers must necessarily be, of the events of a battle, in which the circle of observation of most of those engaged in it is necessarily circumscribed, it is imposssible that they can do justice even to the prominent actors in the conflict; and much more incompetent are they to judge of the propriety of the course pursued by the commander-in-chief, or to decide upon the comparative merits of his principal subordinates, and to award to each the honor due to his skill as a commander or to his bravery in the fight. Yet all his have most of the letter writers done. Although many of them perhaps for the first time have had an opportunity of seeing a squadron marshalled in the field, they exhibit not the least hesitation in criticising and condemning the movements of some of their superiors, for the purpose of exalting the reputations of others, towards whom their feelings are of a more friendly kind. When Gen. Taylor, for example, sanctioned the terms of capitulation agreed upon by the respective commissioners of the hostile armies, not a few of these letter-writers promptly denounced the arrangement as one derogatory to the honor of our arms, and uncalled for by the exigency of the occasion. Assuming to be better qualified to decide that grave question, or affecting to be more sensitive in reference to our national reputation, than Worth, Henderson and Davis, by whom the terms of capitulation were arranged, and Taylor, by whom they were approved, these epistolary haroes [sic] forth-with proceeded to denounce the act with a warmth of indignation which might have been very naturally elicited had these officers been guilty of deliberate treachery or undoubted cowardice. But, the lapse of a few weeks has satified the judgement of the country, we are sure, in despite of these critics, that the terms of capitulation granted to the Mexican General, though liberal, as they ought to have been, were wise also in reference both to Gen.Taylor's own diminished strength and precarious position, and to the formidable capacity of defence, as well in the superior number of the enemy's forces as in the works of art by which they were protected, and to capture which, even if that had been cartainly in our power, (as we admit that it was more than probable,) would have been attended with a loss of life or which the honor of compelling the enemy to retreat from his shelter at the point of the bayonet would have been a most inadequate remuneration. There is, however, we presume, no remedy for this writing and publishing mania; and the most we can venture to hope is that the public, taught by the past how improper it is to rely upon information derived from sources at best but partially informed, and which is generally infected with the antipathies and partialities of the mischievous spirit of cloqueism which is a uniform concomitant of the camp. - particularly one constituted of bodies of men hastily collected together, and influenced by sectional jealousy as well as personal rivalry - will not hereafter prematurely condemn any one of our gallant officers upon authority entitled generally to so little respect.
Our remarks, however, are not designed to embrace all who write from the camp - and among the few whom we except is the well-known correspondent of the New York Spirit of the Times, - the gallant Captain Henry of the 3d Infantry, five of whose senior officers fell in the action at Monterey, leaving him, the only one unhurt, in command at the close of the engagement. his letters we always read with interest, and accomplished by a regret that the claims upon our columns have permitted us so rarely to republish them. In one of his latest letters, we find some excellent suggestions in regard to the course which ought to be pursued by our government, in the further prosecution of the campaign, it in truth its purpose is to "conquer a peace," and not to extend our territorial limits. After a glowing description of Monterey and its vicinity, he says:
"If the war is to be prosecuted , and peace, not territory, is the aim of the Government, nothing can be more foolish than its prosecution in this quarter. We are only slightly wounding the extremities of the body - have not touched the heart - nor cannot by this route - Until there is a Government established who will have the power to treat, I do not see that we are any nearer the settlement of this difficulty than before the battles of the 8th and 9th. We may go on and expend millions and sacrifice the lives of thousands, without any good result. It stikes me, that an advance from this point can have no effect upon the settlement--our better plan is to strongly fortify this point and retain possession of the valley of the Rio Grande, until they come to terms. let them come and retake it if they canIf you please, let us assist in establishing a Republic of the people of this valley - foster and protect it, and place it as a barrier between us and the mother country. -If the war is to be carried on nolens volens, let the invading force start from some point near Vera Cruz, and march straight to the city of Mexico, and batter its walls dow about their ears, and my word for it, the people will find some way of establishing a Government that can settle the matter. The victories on this frontier, as honorable as they may be to our army, are mere flashes in the pan, as regards the question of peace. The humane and liberal policy pursued in the prosecution of the war has a tendency to keep it up. it is the first war of which I ever read being an actual benefit to the people.Wherever [sic] we go, we pay or what we get, at two or three times the prices of the country, and all their rights and property are sacredly protected. In God's name what more prosperous times can they desire? Their cry is, "Come along, gentlemen - very happy to see you- come from city to city: - you spend your money freely and put us to very little inconvenience, and, really, times are first rate" I must confess I am tired of this work, and long to see an honorable peace."
And again, in a letter of later date, referring to the same subject, he remarks:
"I sincerely hope that the Government will order no advance beyond Saltillo. That, I think will fall into our hands without a fight. I do not predict this. I have done with predictions - for not one of my fighting ones have been correct. I am such an advocate for peace throughout the world, that my wishes have probably warped my judgement. My grounds for thinking there will be no fight at Saltillo are these - gen. Ampudia, in Council, decided upon fortifying the place. The citizens would not permit it. They very justly told him that he had spent much time and money in fortifying Monterey, a city whose natural defences were much superior to their's, and had failed to hold it, and that they had no idea of having their property destroyed. A very just conclusion, Mr. Judge. Taking Saltillo, we have the key to this whole valley. We are then some three hundred miles from San Luis Potosi, the march to which is difficult, and part of the way over a desert. Having Saltillo, takingMonclova, and Tampico, we can quietly settle down in as lovely a ountry as the sun ever shone upon a certain day. Then import your families, give them the land for a song, and mark my words, before you know it, this valley will be teaming with an American population. We do not want the valley, nor would i, if it can be prevented to any more expense than simply the holding of it, which, compared to an onward movement, would be nothing. Let Mexico come and take it, if she canNothing, I think, would have so strong a tendency to an immediate settlement, as the appearance of coolly settling down and taking possession of this valuable part of her domains. - Our forces has to be greatly augmented at any rate; but the augmentation would be much greater to continue the invasion."
These are the views of a highly intelligent officer, who has participated
in all the perils of the campaign, and whose opportunities of observation
have been as ample as his capacity to profit by them is unquestionable. they
are entitled to great weight. At least we think so - perhaps because we,
like him, deprecate a mere war of conquest - With the exception of California
- and we except that State because of its importance in a commerical point
of view - we would not, if our will could decide the question, and if it
could be had for the asking, ANNEX to the Union a foot of soil beyond the
Rio Grande, nor a very large portion of it on this side of the river, inhabited
as it is by an alien race, whose habits and customs, and religious and political
faith are so different for our own, and who are as meapable of appreciating
the privileges and rights as they are of comprehending the duties which appertain
to American citizens - who, we take occasion to say, are not to be manufactured
of such materials as are to be found in the border States of Mexico by the
administration of oaths of allegiance whether voluntarily taken or extorted.
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Friday, November 27, 1846, RW46v23i94p4c2 Important from Mexico - From Tampico
A commerical house in the city has received letters announcing that the
whole of the Mexican garrison at Tampico had withdrawn, and marched to
join Santa Anna in the interior.
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Friday, November 27, 1846, RW46v23i94p4c2 Rumored Capture of Tobasco
It was rumored here yesterday Tabasco had been captured by the naval detachment
commanded by Com. Perry. We have heard no particulars, except that no defence
was made by the Mexicans, the citizens having fled on the approach of the
attacking party.
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Friday, November 27, 1846 RW46v23i94p4c1 Later from Santa Fe
The St. Louis Republican of the 18th inst. announces the arrival in that city of Maj. Fitzpatrick from Santa Fe, which he left on the 11th of October. He brings information that Gen. Kearney, when about 175 miles from Santa Fe, on his way to California, was met by an express from Col. Fremont, who informed him that Upper California was completely in possession of the American forces; and that Col. F. was acting as Provisional Governor. - Gen. K. therefore sent back to Santa Fe all the troops with which he had started, except 100 men, with whom he recommenced his march.
There was nothing new at Santa Fe, though much apprehension was felt of
a scarcity of forage for the horses and mules.
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Friday, November 27, 1846, RW46v23i94p4c3 Official Dispatches
HEADQUARTERS FIELD DIVISION VOLUNTEERS,
Monterey, September 30, 1846.
SIR: Pursuant to the instructions of the major-general commanding, on the 21st inst, at about 8 o'clock, a.m., I marched my division (with the exception of one company from each infantry regiment, left to guard the camp) and placed it in order of battle, under cover, immediately in rear of the mortar and howitzer battery, my left resting on the main road to Monterey. I had been in position but a short time when i received the general's further orders to move as speedily as he practicable, with the three regiments attempt to carry the enemey's first battery on our left. To expedite this movement, I marched 3 nearest regiments, commanded respectively by Cols. Davis, Campbell, and Mitchell by the left flank, leaving Col. [...] to sustain the batteries. Finding the rifle regiments in front, that of Col. Campbell was ordered to take its place. The two last mentioned regiments constituting Gen. Quitman's field brigade, he took the immediate command of them, and moved offwith spirit and promptness in the direction indicated by the enemy's line of fire. Having seen Gen. Quitman's brigade fairly in motion, I turned my attention to that of General Hamer; now consisting of the Ohio regimentonly. Pursuing the instructions of the major-general, I felt my way gradually, without any knowledge of the localities, into that part of the city bordering on the enemy's continuous line of batteries, assailed at every step by heavy fires in front and flank. After having traversed several squares, I met Major Mansfield, the engineer who had conducted the movement of Gen. Twiggs's division on the first battery. He informed me of the failure of that attack, and advised the withdrawal of my command, as there could no longer be any object in advancing further , warning me at the same time that if I advanced I must meet a fire that would sweep all before it. Knowing the major-general commanding to be but a short distance in the rear, I galloped back and communicated this information, in consequence of which he gave the order to [...], and the movement was commenced accordingly. In a short time, however, it was known that Gen. Quitman's brigade had not only stormed the battery in question, but had also carried a stone house of considerable strenght connected with the first and occupied by the enemy's infantry. The direction of Gen. [...] brigade was at once changed, and the city re-entered by another route, which, after about a half hour's march under a destructive fire, brought it within, say one hundred yards of the enemy's second fort called El Diablo. A very slight reconnoissance sufficed to convince me that this was a position of no ordinary strenght. Still, feeling its importance, after consulting with part of my staff as to its practicubility, I had resolved to attempt carrying it by storm, and was in the act of directing the advance, when I received a wound which compelled me to halt. Col. Mitchell was at the same timewounded at the head of his regiment, as was his adjutant. The men were falling fast under the converging fires of at least three distinct batteries, that continually swept the intervening space throught which it was necessaryto pass.-The loss of blood, too, from my wound rendered it necessary that I should quit the field; and I had discovered at a second glance that the position was covered by a heavy fire of mushetry from other works directly in its rear that I had not seen in the first hasty examination. Under all these discouragements I was most relutantly compelled, on surrendering the command, to advise a withdrawal of the troops to a less exposed position. There is a possibility that the work might have been carried, but not without excessive loss; and if carried, I feel assured it would have been untenable.
Accordingly, the division, under Gen Hamer, on whom devolved the command, moved to a new position near the captured fort, and within sustaining distance of our field batteries on the left. The troops remained in and near this position, and under firee of the enemy's batteries until late in the day. For the details of the after proceeding of the day, I refer to Gen. Hamer's report.
It is with no little pride and gratification that I bear testimony of the gallantry and general good conduct of my command. Were proof wanting, a mournful one is to be found in the subjoined return of the casualties of the day. That part of my division properly in the field did not exceed 1100, of which number full one-fifth was killed or wounded. The fact that troops for the first time under fire should have suffered such loss, without striking, in a continuous and inaccessible foe, finds but few parallels, and is of itself an eulogium to which I need not add. That there were some more prominent for skill and gallantry than others, even in a contest where all were brave, there can be no doubt; and I leave to these better qualified from their situations than myself the pleasing though delicate task of reporting upon their respective merits.
Of my brigadiers, however, it is proper that I should myself speak. Gen. Hamer was placed in a situation where nothing brilliant could be achieved, but which at every moment imperatively demanded prudence and calm, unbending courage. It is but justice to him to say that I found him equal to the emergency.
Gen. Quitman had before him a field in which militery genius and skill were called into requisition and honorscould be fairly won, and I but echo the general voice in saying that he nobly availed himself of the occasion.
My special thanks are due to Maj. L. Thomas, assistant adjutant general; Gen. A. Sidney Johnston, of Texas, acting inspector general, and Lieut. G. W. Lay, aid-de-camp, who not only displayed great gallantry and coolness, but by their professional skill, activity, and energy, rendered valuable service throught the action. After my withdrawal, they remained with the troops in the field.
Surgeon R. P. Hunt, my volunteer aid-de-camp, also evinced great coolness, and conveyed promptly the orders confined to him.
On my way back to camp I found the Kentucky regiment, under command of Col. Ormsby, drawn up in fine order to repel a threatened charge from a large body of Mexican cavalry then in view. Though necessarily kept from the field of action proper, they occupied a most important position, and had two men wounded in defending it.
I make no mention of the movements of Capt Webster's howitzer battery, which was withdrawn from my division and placed under charge of the chief of artillery.
Enclosed are the reports of Brig Generals Hamer and Quitman of the operations of their respective brigades; also, a statement in detail of the loss sustained by the division.
I am, sir, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
W. O. BUTLER,
Maj Gen Comd'g Field Div. Vol.
Maj W W S [...],
Asst Adjt General,
Headquarters Army of Occupation,
Monterey, Mexico.
HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION OF VOLUNTEERS,
Camp near Monterey, Sept. 28th, 1846.
SIR: I have transmitted to Major General Butler a report of the operations of the first brigade of this division on the 21st last; but it becomes my duty , as commandant of the division, to send you an account of the movements of both brigades durning the remaining days of our attack upon Monterey.
For a full statement at the points occupied and the services rendered by the 2d brigade, I respectfully refer you to the report of Brig. Gen. Quitman, who accompanied the brigade, and whose communication to me is herewith sent. I was not with them to witness their gallantry; but from the general's report, they are entitled to great credit for the courage, energy and zeal displayed on the 23d, in pushing their attacks so far into the city, and sustaining themselves under tha galling fires of the enemy, who had such decided advantages over them in their barricades and other defences.
On the morning of the 23d, the first brigade was ordered out in front of the city, and took a position near the infantry of Gen. Twigg's command, where we remained until late in the afternoon. Whilst on the plain we could distinctly hear the discharges of small arms, occasionally, between Gen. Quitman's and Gen. Hernderson's command and the forces of the enemy in the city. When they were ordered to retire from the city and return to camp, the first brigade was directed to march to the town and occupy the fort taken on the 21st, the one above it, "El Diablo," which had been abandoned by the enemy on the previous evening, and the tannery between them. We obeyed the order, approaching them under a fire of balls and shells, which fortunately did us no injury.
Capt. Webster's battery formed part of my command, and, after stationing the brigade, I directed him to throw a couple of shells from his 24-lb. howitzers into the plaza, where it was understood the principle force of the enemy was collected. He did so; and as far as we could discover, with great precision and effect. Subsequent informations comfirmed our opinions in regard to the injury and alarm produced by these shells. Durning the night, Gen. Worth threw several in the same direction from batteries on the western side of the city, proving to the Mexicans that they were assailable in this form from both flanks.
Through the whole night the enemy threw up rockets from the plaza and from the citadel; no doubt expecting a night attack, and adopting this method to discover the approach of our troops.
Early on the morning of the 24th, we had made every preparation for renewing the attack upon the city, when we were suddenly arrested by a bagle with a flag of truce, approaching the forts. It was accompanied by Co. Marine, one of Gen. Ampudia's aids, bearing a letter to the general in chief. He was conducted to me by Lieut. Col. Rogers, from the upper fort, and I furnished him a horse and escort to Major General Taylor's quarters in camp.-The firing on both sides was suspended until a conference could be held. This led to the capitulation by which the city was surrendered.
I have in my former report expressed my opinion in regard to the coolness and gallantry displayed by the officers and men under my command; and have only to add, that their conduct from the firing of the first to the last gun; was of the most meritorious character, [...] deserving the approbation of their superior officers, and the gratitude of their countrymen.
Herewith I send a statement of killed and wounded.
Very respectfully, your obedient serv't,
TH. L. HAMER,
Brig Gen Commanding 1st division volunteers.
Maj W W S [...],
Assistant Adjutant General.
CAMP BEFORE MONTEREY,
Sept 28, 1846.
GENERAL: In addition to my report to Maj Gen Butler of the action of the 21st instant, I have now the honor to report the transactions of my brigade on the 22d instant, followed up by the attack upon the city of Monterey on the 23d Setember, inst.
Being ordered on the morning of the 22d to relieve Col. Garland's command, which had durning the proceeding nigh occupied the redoubt and fortifications taken on the 21st, my command marched from their encampment about 9 o'clock in the morning. Col. Campbell, of the Tennessee regiment, being indisposed from the fatigue and exposure of the preceding day, the command of his regiment devolved on Lieut. Col. Anderson's. Both regiments were much reduced by the casualties of the preceding day, and the necessary details for the care of the wounded. The march necessarily exposed the brigade for a short distance to a [...] of artillery from the works still in possession of the enemy on this side of the city, and from the crossfire of the citadel. We were not allowed to reach our post without some loss. Private Dubois, of Captain Crump's company of Mississippi riflemen, was killed and tweo men of the same company wounded before entering the works. The redoubt and adjacent works being occupied by my brigade and Lieut. Ridgely's battery, a portion of the troops were engaged under the direction of Lieut. J. M. Scarrett, of engineers, in strengthening our position on the [...] next to town.
At intervals durning the whole day until 9 o'clock at night, the enemy kept up from their fortifications and from the citadel discharges of shell, round shot and grape. It was in the forenoon of this day that, by the aid of our glasses, we were presented with a full view of the storming of the Bishop's Palace bt troops under General Worth on the heights beyond the city. The shout by which our brave volunteers greeated the display of the American flag on the palace, was returned by the enemy from their works near us by a tremendous fire of round shot and grape upon us without effect. Durning the day plans of assualt on the adjacent Mexican works were considered of, but in the evening my attention was drawn to a line of about [...] Mexican infantry at some distance in rear of their works. The presence of this force, amounting to nearly three times our effective numbers, and which appeared to be posted for the protection of the works, induced me to give up all idea of forcing the works without reinforcements.-Durning the night several reconnoissances were made with details of Captain Whitield's company in the direction of the redoubt "El Diablo." Frequent signals between the different posts of the enemy durning the night kept us on the alert; and at the first dawn of day on the 23d, it was discovered that the enemy had abandoned, or were abandoning, the strong works nearest to us. Colonel Davis, with a portion of his command, supported by Lieutenant Colonel Anderson, with two companies of the Tennessee regiment, were ordered to take possession of the works. This was promptly done. The enemy had withdrawn their artillery durning the night, and nothing of value fell into our hands but some prisoners and ammunition. From this work, which commanded a view of the cathedral and a portion of the great plaza of the city, we perceived another half-moon or triangular redoubt in advance of us, and on our right, which appeared to be immediately connected with heavy stone buildings and walls adjoining the block of the city.-Having reported my observations to the commanding general, who had approached the field of our operations. I received permission to advance upon the defences of the city in this direction, and if deemed practable, to occupy them. It was sufficiently apparent that all the approaches to the city on this side were strongly fortified. Wishing to proceed with caution, under the qualified permission of the commanding general, I sent out a party of riflemen, under Lieutenant Graves, to reconnitre, supporting them at some distance by a company of Tennessee infantry, under Capt. McMurray. Some active movements of the enemy in the vicinity induced me to halt this party, and to order out Col. Davis, with 2 companies of his command and 2 companies of Tennessee troops, to advance on these works. As the troops advanced, armed men were sent flying at their approach. Upon reaching the redoubt which had attracted our attention, we perceived that it was open, and exposed to the fire of the enemy from the zone buidings and walls in the rear. It was therefore necessary to select another position less exposed.- Posting the two companies of infantry in a position to defend the lodgment we had effected, I directed Col. Davis to post his command as he might deem most advantageous for defence or active operations, intending here to await further orders or reinforcements. In reconnortering the place several shots were fired at Col. Davis by the enemy, and several [...] of riflemen who had advanced to the slope of a breastwork (No. 1) which had been thrown across the street for the defence of the city. A volley from the enemy succeeded. Our party having been reinforced by additions from the riflemen and infantry, a brisk firing was soon opened on both sides, the enemy from the house tops and parapets attempting to drive us from the lodgment we had effected. A considerable body of the enemy, securely posted on the top of a large building on our left; which partially overlooked the breastwork No. 1, continued to pound.
Brig. Gen. U.S.A. Cm. 2nd Brig. Vol.
Brig Gen. [...] L. Hamer
Comdig 1st Div. Vol.
Names of the commissioned officers, killed and wounded durning the operations before Monterey, Mexico from September 21st to September 23d, 1846, inclusive.
Names Rank Regiment Date Remarks KILLED J. S. Woods, 1st. lt. 2d infantry, Sept. 21 L. N. Morris captain, 3d infantry, do. Goe. P. Field, do. do. do. P. N. Barbour, c'n & bt mj. do. do. D. S. Irwin, bt lt & adjt. do. do. R. Hazlitt, 2d Lieut do. do. C. Hoskins, 1st lt. & adjt. 4th infantry, do. H. McKavett, captain 8th infantry, do. Wm. H. Watson, lieut. col. Blt. & wash. do. Volunteers, M. Hett, 1st lieut. 1st Ohio reg. do. W. B. Allen, captain 1st Ten. reg. do. S. M. Putman, 2d lieut. do. do. WOUNDED W.G. Williams, captain top [...] Sept 24 mortally J. H. F. Mansfield, bt major, [...] do. severely J. L. Abercrombie, bt. major 1st infantry, do. slightly \ri-1800 J. H. Lamette, captain, do. do. severly J. C. Terrett,
1st lieut. do. do. mortally R, Dilworth, 2d lieut do. do. mortally W. W. Lear, major 3d infantry do. dangerously H. Bambridge, captain do. do. slightly R. H. Graham, 1st lieut. 4th infantry, do. dangerously N. B. Bossell, 1st lieut. 5th infantry, do. slightly R. C. Gatlin, captain 7th infantry, Sept. 23 severely J. H. Potter, 2 lieut. do. Sept. 22 do. Goe. Wainwright, 2d lieut. 8th infantry do. do. W. O. Butler, maj. gen. vol. service, Sept. 21 do. A. M. Mitchell, colonel, 1st Ohio reg. do. do. A. W. Armstrong, adjutant, do. do. do. Jas. [...], captain do. do. do. Lewis Matter, 1st lieut. do. do. do. A. McCarty, 2d lieut. do. do. do. N. H. Niles, do. do. do. do. R. B. Alexander, major, 1st Ten. reg. do. severely J. L. [...], 1st lieut. do. do. do. G. H. Nixon, do. do. do. slightly J. C. Allen, 2d lieut. do. do. severely A. H. McClung, lieut. col. Miss. reg. do. do. R. N. Downing, captain do. do. slightly H. F. Cook, 1st lieut. do. do. do. R. H. Arthur, 2d lieut. do. do. do. L. S. Howard, do. do. Sept. 23 severely R. A. Gillespie, captain 1st Texas, Sept 22 mortally W. E. Reese, 1st lieut. do. do.
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Friday, November 27, 1846 RW46v23i94p4c5 Late and Important from Mexico
(From the N. Orleans Times, Nov. 17.)
The brig. Hayne, Capt. Williams, arrived here yesterday from Havana, bringing us our usual files of papers from that port, to the 7th inst. On the previous day, the 6th, the British steamer Tay, arrived at Havana from Tampico and Vera Cruz, with $683,000 in specie. The Tay left the last named port on the 1st inst., and brought full files of papers from the city of Mexico to the 27th ult. and from Vera Cruz to the 31st. We have thus been put in possession of intelligence to the latest dates at which news were dispatched from those quarters. It is of an unusually important and interesting nature, and we shall, therefore, extract very largely from them, in order to place our readers in a position to judge correctly of the progress of affairs in Mexico, and the changes that still threaten that distracted country, from the ultra ambition of its leaders and the wretched character of its population: Although the date of the latest paper from the city of Mexico does not reachhigher than the 27th ult., we have yet had an opportunity of seeing letters received in this city from that capital, of the 29th, which record certain items of interest. These we shall put serialim.
SANTA ANNA. - Official information had been received at the city of Mexico from Santa Anna, that he was daily concentrating a larger force at San Luis de Potosi; were than announced as being about 20,000 men. In private letters to his friends in the capital, Santa Anna stated that, when all his measures were complete, he would forthwith march, at the head of his army, to meet Gen. Taylor and his troops, whom he had no doubt of crushing, annihilating. After the realization of this anticipated success, he would proceed to the city of Mexico, and unscrupulously put down the Federal party, of whom he was in some dread, once and for ever [sic]. It was his intention then to proclaim himself Dictator, and govern the country by his own despotic will, as the sole means of destroying the factions which had been preying on the Republic since the dawn of her independence, and thus establishing something like permanent tranquility amongest his countrymen.
TAMPICO. - We have received data from Tampico to the 24th ult. Letters announce that on the following day, the 25th, the whole of the troops in garrison there were to evacuate the place and take up the line of march for San Luis de Potosi, whither they were ordered, for the purpose of forming a junction with the main body of the Mexican forces under Santa Anna. The citizens of Tampico, in view of the defenceless state of the town, and the dread of a hostile visit from our land and sea forces, were leaving in great numbers. Entire families had removed into the interior, and the greatest consternation seemed to prevail there. Tampico will, therefore, most probably fall into our hands, without our striking a blow.
DIFFICULTY BETWEEN SANTA ANNA AND GEN. SALAS. -On the 26th ult., intelligence reached the city of Mexico, that the government of the Department of San Luis de Potosi had passed a decree on the 22d, acknowledging Santa Anna Dictator, or to be recognized Chief of the Republic, declaring the office of President ad interim vacant, or that no individual should be invested with that dignity, except under the orders or by the nomination of Santa Anna himself. - The people at San Luis de Potosi had become inveterate in their dislike to Salas, the President ad interim, who deemed himself the object of the particular enmity of Santa Anna and the authors of the Decree, fled from the capital, taking with him as an escort a detachment of troops from the garrison, and took refuge for a time in Tacubaya, Santa Anna's residence when at the seat of government. Here he published several proclamations, addressed to the whole nation, potesting [sic] that he had ever been cordial in his cooperations with Santa Anna, and sincerely approved of the latter's elevation to the supreme authority. Another version of this affair is given in the Havana paper the Diario dela Marina. A correspondent writes that a schism had broken out in the Mexican Cabinet, regarding the policy of banishing certain individuals for their political opinions, and the necessity of carrying into effect the laws recently formed regarding public worship and the property of the clergy. Gonez Farias, the Finance Minister, and Rejon, the Minister of Justice, both violent federalists, urged these two measures with great pertinacity. General Salas, sustained by Pacheco, the Minister of Justice, resisted, unwilling to have recourse to such severe and unpopular acts. Intrigues were then sent on foot to inspire Santa Anna with fears and suspicions of General Salas.
One or two attempts, it is said, were made to assassinate the latter, when he fled to Tacubaya. Alarmed at these dissensions in the Capital, Santa Anna addressed a communication to the Executive Government, recalling Salas to a sense of his duty, and disapproving strongly of his leaving the city. Salas then returned on the 29th, and having made his peace with Santa Anna, formally dismissed Rejon from office, appointing in his stead Senor Lufragua, a young man who is already distinguished by his talents and the moderation of his political character. Senor Cortina has also been displaced, in the Governorship of the Federal District of Mexico, by Don Jose L. Villamil. Senor Pacheco was superseded in his office of Minister of Justice by Don E. L. Guerrera.
While these miserable disputes, intrigues, and private animosities were raging in the bosom of the administration; while the waves of party federalists and moderatists - were agitating the ill-constructed bark of Government, almost to dissolution, the peace of the metropolis was endangered by discussions of government systems of policy, in two clubs recently established there, named the Puros and the Moderados. The former were for carrying things by the strong hand, forcing measures of fisc and reform on the people, notwithstanding the greatest antipathies experienced against them by the landholders and the clergy. The latter on the contrary, were for concentrating all their energies on the war question, levying supplies, sending forward reinforcements, etc., etc., acting, in short according to the exigences of the moment, and leaving all subjects of a general nature to the decision of Congress. From within the doors of the clubs, the excitement caused hereby, proceeded to agitate the masses. At this juncture, the Government issued a decree for the formation of a national guard, which the people interpreted into a pre-determination of their rulers to proclaim martial law. A few battalions were formed in the city, when a cry was raised that despotic rule, or a counter revolution was contemplated. one of these corps, composed chiefly of persons engaged in trade, numbering about 600 men, chose for their chief the Governor of the District of Mexico, Don Jose Gomez de la Cortina. it belonged to the Moderado party, and proceeded to disband another battalion, which was so much feared; the attempt, however, was so displeasing to general Lemus, the commanding General Lemus was replaced by General Jerrero. Cortina was suceeded as Governor of the district by Don J. L. Villamil, as we before stated.
SAN LUIS DE POTOSI. - Santa Anna has resolved on drawing the whole military strength of the country to one point. Not only are the regular soldiers, who are usually scattered over an immense extent of territory, ordered to march to that point - San Luis de Potosi - but all the volunteers and militia are enjoined [sic] to rendezvous there, with the view of thence marching, with an overwhelming force, in any direction where the invading army is most assailable. He has decided on abandoning Tampico without making any resistance; since he has not a disposable force, sufficiently numerous, to garrison it all points, and by evacuating it, he shall strengthen his own army and weaken Gen. Taylor's who will be obliged to detach a considerable body of troops to take possessions of it and hold it.
SECOND IN COMMAND. - Gen. Valencia has been appointed by Santa Anna his second in coomand, with his head-quarters at Guanajuato, where a corps d'arme will be formed under his own personal supervision. Gen. Cortazar had organized a brigade of volunteers, numbering 3000, from the haciendas of Guanajusto and San Luis, and was marching from the city of San Luis ith a part of his force. These men were hardy peasants, lightly armed; a great many had two horses each with them, and were represented as full of enthusiasm.
SOLICITING THE YOKE. - The Governor of the free and sovereign state of San Luis Potosi, Don M. J. Othon, in a rather long decree, dated 22d ult., announces that his department acknowledges only Gen. Santa Anna as Chief of the Republic, prefacing it by an abusive tirade against the "infamous North Americans." The Republicano, in noticing this strange document, states that the government of Queretaro has followed in the track of San Luis de Potosi, and that there is no doubt that Guanajuato will do the same. The editor implores Santa Anna not to be led astray by men who seek, whilst covering themselves with the mantle of his fame, the ruin of the country.
ROBBERY AND ASSASINATION. - According to the Republicano of the 27th, the capital is in a most dreadful state of in security, both of life and property. Robberies are committed in the most open way; assassinations are becoming horribly frequent; vindictive feeling, arising from the heated spirit of party, being the cause of these sad proofs of demoralization.
VOLUNTEERS. - Immense numbers of men are said to be rallying around the national standard. The accounts received at the capital from all the Departments are said to be most encouraging to Santa Anna. Troops were being embodied rapidly. Several companies of volunteers, said to be composed of of the principal citizens of the city of Mexico, had been orgainized to garrison it. Besides, upwards of one thousand artisans had volunteered for the same purpose.
GARRISON OF VERA CRUZ. - The soldiers here were engaged in completing the defenced of the city.A ditch to surround the whole city had been commenced before the steamer left, and was rapidly advancing. Reinforcements were arriving daily. On the 27th a brigade, to reinforce Vera Cruz, arrived at Jalapa Puebla.
A rich merchant at the captial, named Mier[..]y Teran, had advanced $20,000 to pay the troops at San Juan de Ulloa, and $30,000 more to be forwarded to vera Cruz to meet demands against the Government there.
ALVARADO - The intelligence of the unsuccessful attack made byour Squadron in the Gulf on Alvarado, immediately after its arrival at the seat of Government, was duty made known to the people, in the usual inflated-style. The inhabitants of the capital where almost intoxicated with joy. Don Thomas Marin, the officer who commanded the Mexicans on the untoward occasion states that he will [...] if we return, and that all his command are [...] an opportunity of again meeting us.
At Vera Cruz an attack was expected on the frontiers of San Juan de Ulloa. The garrison of the [...] about 4500 men, national guards and regulars, and about 2,000 more expected from the neighboring towns and villages.
We apprend the the following letter from Vera Cruz dated the 31st ultimo:
VERA CRUZ, Oct. 31, 1846.
A conductor arrived at Mexico on the 20th instant, from Guana Juato with about $1,200,000, so that money was again abundant there. Another has left San Luis de Potosi on the 16th inst. for Tampico, with upwards of a million, and was to arrive at the end of the month. The British sloop Electra has sailed to Tampico, probably on purpose to receive on board the specie for shipment. Two private conductors arrived here from Mexico, with silver bars and about 200,000 hard dollars.
At the middle of this month private letters from Mexico stated that Mr. Bankhead had offered the mediation of England, and that the Ministers had been in session for two days, to deliberate on the subject, but nothing farther has transpired since.
Political intrigues have lately kept the city of Mexico much in fertment. A partial change of Ministry has taken place, Rejon (Minister of Foreign Affairs) having made room for Lafragua, and Pacheco (of Justice, etc) for Guerrara. In conquence of these intrigues, the respective Minister has issued a circular to the end of procuring the re-union of Congress, if possible, before the 6th December next. Gen. Salas, it is reported by to-day's mail, has repaired to Tacubaya. The state of affairs is again rather complicated.
The movements of the U.S. Gulf Squadron are confined to an attack attempted on the 15th instant, on Alvarado, by the steamers (including the Mississippi) and several gun-boats, which proved unsucessful, they being obliged to retreat. Another expedition increased by some more gun-boats, left Anton Lizardo on the 17th inst., and the ships having yet not returned to their anchorage, it is surmised they may have gone to Laguna to procure fresh provisions, which they are much in want of. The reinforcement of the so long expected large ships has, as yet, not arrived.
Large bodies of national guards have been armed throughout the country, and more are being organized still. These preparations form the most important business of the day; there is much enthusiasm. We shall have a reinforcement here of such militia, from the other cities in this State, and from Puebla. Guaymy, it is reported from Mazatian, has been taken by the Americans, but the report wants confirmation.
Yours, &c.
[AMB]
December
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