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| January-June 1847 | July-December 1847 | January-June 1848 | July-December 1848 |
July
July
2, 1847, RE47v44n18c4p1 Mexican Affairs
Report about the progress of the war and of the character of Santa Anna.
July
2, 1847, RE47v44n18c6p1 Letter from Gen. Taylor
General Taylor's alleged letter addressing possible notions of a presidential
run after the military accomplished its goal.
July
2, 1847, RE47v44n18c4p1 Fire in the Rear
Article decrying the National Inquirer for assuming that
Gen. Taylor was using some language borrowed from the British.
July
2, 1847, RE47v44n18c3p2 Latest from California
Reports on the blockade by the Navy off of the California coast.
July 2, 1847, RE47v44n18c5p2 From
the Army of Gen. Taylor (From the N.O.Picayune)
General information about the happenings in the camp of General Taylor.
July 2, 1847, RE47v44n18c6p2 One
day later from Vera Cruz
Information regarding the progress of the war from General Scott's theatre
and the area surrounding.
July 2, 1847, RE47v44n18c2-4p4 Gen. Taylor (The March to the Rio Grande)
Democrats accuse the Whigs of trying to extend annexation to all of Mexico
and how Taylor had become a pawn.
July 2, 1847, RE47v44n18c4p4 Correction
A correction concerning the status of a company that had been reported
as taking some casualties.
July
2, 1847, RE47v44n18c5-6p4 Affairs in Mexico
General news regarding the new election of Herrera as president and
any advances of U.S. forces.
July 2, 1847, RE47v44n18c6p4 From
General Scott's Army
News and reports concerning the happenings within Scott's military apparatus.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c3-4p1
The Whig Party Disorganized
Democrats praise Taylor and denounce the Whigs for opposing Taylor and
his military service.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c6p1 More
Evidence
Article describing newspaper conditions in Mexico and effect of anti-war
attitudes on the Mexican press.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c6p1 General
Article
Information about a discharged volunteer and subsequent trouble he involved
himself in.
July
5, 1847, RE47v44n19c1p2 The Effects of that Letter
Information that perhaps Taylor did not write the letter that was mentioned
from the Signal.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c3p2 A public
dinner
Col. Doniphan hosted a dinner for the 4th for the men returning
from the war.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c3p2 A few
days ago
Democrats accuse Whigs of prematurely choosing Taylor as their candidate.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c3p2 The Government
Steamers
Information pertaining to Navy intelligence about resupplying U.S. forces.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c3p2 The
general impression
Report that Gen. Scott reached the Mexican capital.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c5p2 General
Taylor's Letter (From the Washington Union)
Speculation that Taylor will run for the presidency.
REv44i19p3c3 July 5, 1847 Defence
of the City of Mexico
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c1p4 Treasures
of Mexico
Report on valuable artworks and architecture in Mexico city.
July
5, 1847, RE47v44n19c2p4 Important from Mexico (From the Picayune)
Information concerning troop movements and battle information.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c3p4 Capt. Lincoln
Report on a captain killed in combat.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c3p4 The
Night After the Battle of Buena Vista
Article relating events that occurred during the battle of Buena Vista.
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c3p4
Sam Houston's Flying Artillery
Report of artillery movements in Texas Revolution. .
July 5, 1847, RE47v44n19c3p4 Military
Movements
Troop movement report.
REv44i19p4c3 July 5, 1847 Colonel
Doniphan and Colonel Xenophon
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c2p1 General
Taylor's Letter
Information about Gen. Taylor and his forces in Northern Mexico.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c3p1
Gen. Taylor Superceded
Article pertaining to General Scott's removal of most of Taylor's forces.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c2p1
Gen. Taylor's Rebuke of the Anti-War Whigs
Reference to Taylor's refute of his actions.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c2p2 Affairs
in Mexico
Report on the state of the government in Mexico.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c6p2 Important
from Mexico (From N.O.Picayune)
Military information out of Mexico.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c3p3 British
Mediation in the Mexican War
Article about British mediation efforts.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c1p3
Later from the Army of Gen. Taylor
Information obtained later about the happenings in the Taylor camp.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c2p3 Marine
Journal
Information pertaining the arrivals a nd departures out of the Richmond
port.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c6p3 Notice
to Volunteers
Article relating to volunteers about recruitment.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c1p4 Important
from Mexico (From the N.O. Commercial Times)
Information concerning the affairs of U.S. forces in Mexico.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c1p4 Later
from Mexico (From the N.O.Delta)
Information concerning events in the Mexican campaign.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c2p4 Capt. Williams and Gen. Pillow
Report on the disagreement that had taken place between these two men.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c4p4 Payment of
the Volunteers
Report on getting the promised pay to volunteers.
July 9, 1847, RE47v44n20c4p4 Capt. Edwards' Company
Report on the happenings of a local unit that was involved in a battle
near the National Bridge.
July 13, 1847, RE47v44n21c2p1 Another
Letter
Another supposed letter from Gen. Taylor showing up in print.
July 13, 1847, RE47v44n21c3p1 Gigantic
Scheme
Idea to negotiate for the hand over of all military supplies and positions.
July 13, 1847, RE47v44n21c1p2 The
Letters, Once More
More denouncements of Whigs after their conclusion that Taylor will run.
July 13, 1847, RE47v44n21c3p2
Soldiers for Gen. Taylor
More reinforcements were sent to Taylor.
July 13, 1847, RE47v44n21c6p2 Important
if True
Supposed poisoning of food by Mexican irregular forces.
July 13, 1847, RE47v44n21c2p3 Marine
Journal
Information pertaining the arrivals and departures out of the Richmond
port.
July 13, 1847, RE47v44n21c3p4 From
Tampico
News from the city pertaining to the Navy blockade as well as public
health.
July 13, 1847, RE47v44n21 Later from
Mexico
News pertaining to the politics of the crumbling Santa Anna administration
as well as government policies.
July 13, 1847, RE47v44n21c5p4 The
Signal Letter
Another article about Taylor's letter to the Signal.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c2p1
Col. Doniphan's Speech
Speech by Colonel Doniphan on his exploits in Mexico.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c4p1 The
Anabasis of Xenophon
Article comparing the march of Kearney across the SW to the Greek march
from Xenophon.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c3p1
Peculiar Sources of Enjoyment
News of entertainment in Vera Cruz, Mexico.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c1p2 Important
from Mexico
Information regarding the latest news from Mexico.
July
16, 1847, RE47v44n22c3p2 Puebla, Mexico
Article regarding army news from the theatre near Puebla.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c4p2 From
the Brazos
News about happenings with the Army in Matamoras.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c4p2 Departure
of Troops
News of troops entering into combat from New Orleans
July
16, 1847, RE47v44n22c3p2 From the City of Mexico
Information from within the city.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c6p3 From
the Army
Article pertaining to information from the Army.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c6p2 Vera Cruz
News out of Vera Cruz.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c2p3 From California
Information out of California.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c1p4
Later from the Army of Gen. Taylor
News out of Taylor's camp.
July 16, 1847, RE47v44n22c3p4 A new
requisition for Troops
Information about new supplies for troops.
July 20, 1847, RE47v44n23c4p1
General Article
Information about troops.
July
20, 1847, RE47v44n23c2p2 Naval
Information about a new order to build a new steamer.
July 20, 1847, RE47v44n23c6p2 Later
from Mexico
News out of Mexico relating to the Army.
July 20, 1847, RE47v44n23c6p2 Later
from Vera Cruz
News from Vera Cruz.
July 20, 1847, RE47v44n23c7p2 Later
from Brazos
News out of Matamoras.
July 20, 1847, RE47v44n23c2p3 Marine
Journal
Information regarding arrivals and departures out of the port at Richmond.
July 20, 1847, RE47v44n23c1p4 The
Taking of Tabasco
News of a successful military campaign and the capture of the city of
Tabasco.
July
20, 1847, RE47v44n23c7p4 Proclamation
Letter expressing the new administration in California under Gen. Kearny.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c6p1 Official-Important
From the Union
Information regarding Mr. Trist and his efforts for negotiations.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c6p1 Letter
to Mexican Foreign Relations Minister
Letter about the terms for negotiation.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c4p1 The New
Orleans National
Information on the status quo in California.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c7p1
Troops in Gen. Scott's Army
News about the new forces coming under Scott's control.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c1p2
The Important Intelligence from Mexico
Information out of Mexico.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c2p2 Troops
for Mexico
News about the departure of troops destined for battle.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c5p3 Most Important
Information regarding the rejection of the peace proposal by the Mexican
government.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c6p2 Late &
Important from Mexico
Information about news out of Mexico concerning troop movement and the
latest on the peace process.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c1p3 Marine
Journal
Information about the arrivals and departures out of the port of Richmond.
July 23, 1847, RE47v44n24c1p4
Important from Mexico
Latest news out of Mexico.
July
27, 1847, RE47v44n25c6p1 Naval
Information pertaining to news from the Navy.
July 27, 1847, RE47v44n25c3p2 From
the New Orleans Times
News from the front lines.
July 27, 1847, RE47v44n25c1p3 Marine
Journal
Information about the arrivals and departures out of the port of Richmond.
July 27, 1847, RE47v44n25c1p4 By
the Southern Mail
Information out of Vera Cruz.
July 27, 1847, RE47v44n25c1p4 Escape
of Eight American Prisoners
News of the escape from Mexican forces of eight Americans.
July 27, 1847, RE47v44n25c1p4 From
Tabasco
News out of Tabasco.
July 30, 1847, RE47v44n26c7p1 Later
from Matamoras
News out of Matamoras.
July 30, 1847, RE47v44n26c5p1 From Chihuahua
Information about events in that Mexican state.
July 30, 1847, RE47v44n26c5p2 General
Lane to General Wool
Letter between officers praising their service.
July 30, 1847, RE47v44n26c4p2 General
Wool and the Volunteers
News about the resignation of Gen. Wool.
July 30, 1847, RE47v44n26c1p2 Recruiting
Station
Information to new recruits.
July 30, 1847, RE47v44n26c4p4 The Late
Captain Stevens T. Mason
A eulogy on the life of a military man.
July 30, 1847, RE47v44n26c1p2
From Matamoras
News out of Matamoras.
July 30, 1847, RE47v44n26c5p4 The
Wilmot Proviso and Colonel Benton
Article on the dreaded Proviso.
July
30, 1847, RE47v44n26c6p4 Naval
News out of the Navy.
RE47v44n27 August 3, 1847, Interesting
Scene
Details on the Fourth of July Celebration in Monterey.
RE47v44n27
August 3, 1847, Fourth of July Monterey
Speeches of Generals Taylor and Cushings.
RE47v44n27
August 3, 1847, The Battle of Huejutla
Embedded correspondent's detailed accounts on an Important Intelligence
battle.
RE47v44n27 August 3, 1847, News from
the South
Another published military operation in Mexico.
RE47v44n27 August 3, 1847, Discussion
in Brunswick
Letter to the editor on a discussion on the Mexican War.
RE47v44n27
August 3, 1847, Volunteers for Mexico
An add for Volunteers for the Mexican War.
RE47v44n27
August 3, 1847, Miscellaneous
Gen. Taylor's pleasure trip.
RE47v44n27
August 3, 1847, Strange Story
Polk to use $3, 000, 000.00 to bribe Mexicans.
RE47v44n27
August 3, 1847, Another Humbug
The President is supporting Father Rey and Father McElroy, two catholic
priests for chaplains in the Army.
RE47v44n27 August 3, 1847, Tardy Justice
Opinions from Whig Newspapers in New York.
RE47v44n29 August 10, 1847, Important
Rumor From Mexico
General Scott's entrance into Mexico City.
RE47v44n29
August 10, 1847, News from Gen. Scott
Mexico skirmish on advance to Mexico City.
RE47v44n29 August 10, 1847, Late and Important
Intelligence
Failure of Peace Negotiations.
RE47v44n29
August 10, 1847, Letter from Mexico
Important rumor of Peace Commissioners in Mexico
RE47v44n29 August 10, 1847, Another
Shower-Bath for the Mexican Whigs
Editorial.
RE47v44n30
August 13, 1847, General Scott
An account on General Scott in Cerro Gordo
RE47v44n30 August 13, 1847, Miscellaneous
Latest from Saltillo and Monterey
RE47v44n30
August 13, 1847, From Texas
The U.S. Steamer Gov. Yell was lost.
RE47v44n30
August 13, 1847, From the Army
An extract from a soldier.
RE47v44n31
August 16, 1847, Gen. Scott still at Puebla
Account of Gen. Scott at Puebla
RE47v44n31
August 16, 1847, Arrival of the Fashion
Prospects of Peace
RE47v44n31 August 16, 1847, Editorial
What will the Whigs do?
RE47v44n31 August 16, 1847, The News
from Mexico
The state of affairs in the Capital of Mexico.
RE47v44n31 August 16, 1847, Southern
Mail
Letter from Gen.Taylor
RE47v44n31 August 16, 1847, Latest from
Brazos
Arrival of the Steamship Telegraph.
RE47v44n33
August 24, 1847, Important Mexican Documents
Senor Pacheco named Mexican Minister of Foreign Affairs.
RE47v44n33 August 24, 1847, From the
Army of Gen. Taylor
Captain Morgan arrived yesterday from Brazos.
RE47v44n33
August 24, 1847, Oregon Territory
Election results in Great Britain and their impact on the Territory.
RE47v44n33
August 24, 1847, From the Union
Rumors about Scott taking the capital of Mexico.
RE47v44n33
August 24, 1847, From Mexico
General Taylor is prepared to march.
RE47v44n33
August 24, 1847, Wilmot Proviso
The Democrats of the north defeated the Proviso
RE47v44n34 August 30, 1847, The Course
of the next Congress
The withdraw of troops from Mexico comes to question.
RE47v44n34 August 30, 1847, Seven Days
Later from Puebla
Arrival of the Picayune's Express from Puebla.
RE47v44n34
August 30, 1847, Mr. Brownson and the War
Editorial.
September
September
RE47v44n35p1c7, September 3, 1847, ANOTHER LETTER FROM GENERAL TAYLOR
From the Nashville Union
RE47v44n35p1c7, September 3, 1847, THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO
From the London Times of August 11th, 1847
RE47v44n35p1c7, September 3, 1847, CENTRAL AMERICA
President of Honduras calling for aid for Mexico from the Central American
States, From the New Orleans Delta
RE47v44n35p4c5, September 3, 1847, LATER
FROM THE RIO GRANDE
Intelligence from the Matamoras Flag of the 11th, 14th and 18th. From the New Orleans Picayune, August 24th
RE47v44n35p4c6, September 3, 1847, THE ESCAPE OF PAREDES
General Paredes entered and left New Orleans, From the New Orleans
Picayune
RE47v44n35p4c6, September 3, 1847, CENTRAL AMERICA
On the proclamation by the President of Honduras to aid Mexico, New Orleans
Picayune
RE47v44n37p1c6, September 7, 1847, MEXICO
Defense of the United States rational for war with Mexico
RE47v44n37p2c6, September 7, 1847, IMPORTANT FROM GENERAL SCOTT'S ARMY
Series of Intelligence reports regarding General Scott's army
RE47v44n37p4c3, September 7, 1847, THE MEXICAN WAR
Information to why the United States went to war with Mexico
RE47v44n37p4c3, September 7, 1847, MR. BROWNSON AND THE WAR
On the Richmond Whig's view of the way
RE47v44n37p4c3, September 7, 1847, LANDING OF PAREDES
Information of General Paredes entering New Orleans with a false name
RE47v44n37p4c5, September 7, 1847, LETTER FROM EX-PRESIDENT TYLE R
Letter from Texas by former President Tyler on the Texas situation
RE47v44n38p1c5, September 10, 1847, THE WAR
On Texas' right to be treated as an independent power
RE47v44n38p4c1, September 10, 1847, BY
THE SOUTHERN MAIL
Four articles published by New Orleans' newspapers
RE47v44n38p4c2, September 10, 1847, GENERAL TAYLOR
On General Taylor's presidential hopes
RE47v44n39p1c3, September 14, 1847, Letter
Conspicuous letter received at Whig office stating General Taylor President
of Mexico
RE47v44n39p2c3, September 14, 1847, FROM THE
VIRGINIA REGIMENT
Two letters from Captain Robert G. Smith
RE47v44n39p2c4, September 14, 1847, LATER FROM THE ARMY OF GENERAL TAYLOR
Information concerning General Taylor's army
RE47v44n39p2c5, September 14, 1847, FROM SANTA FE TWENTY-FIVE DAYS LATER
Later from Chihuahua-Murder of Mr. James Aull-Robbery-Colonel Willock's
Battalion-Progress of the United States troops, etc., etc.
RE47v44n39p4c1, September 14, 1847:
AMERICAN ARMS VICTORIOUS
RE47v44n39p2c5, September 14, 1847, REPORT
OF CAPT. WELLS
Report from the 12th Infantry
RE47v44n40p1c2, September 17, 1847, ANOTHER
CROWNING VICTORY
About the battles of Contreras and Churubusco
RE47v44n40p1c3, September 17, 1847, A LEAF FROM THE PAST
From the New Orleans Delta, prediction made by General Winfield
Scott
RE47v44n40p1c7, September 17, 1847, Buena Vista
A correspondent of the New Orleans Picayune writes as follows
from Buena Vista
RE47v44n40p2c1, September 17, 1847, LETTERS FROM GENERAL SCOTT'S ARMY
Editorial correspondence from the New Orleans Picayune
RE47v44n40p2c4, September 17, 1847, IMPORTANT PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
The armistice-Official Correspondence from the New Orleans Picayune, September 9
RE47v44n40p2c5, September 17, 1847, FURTHER PARTICULARS
Continuation of Kendall's narrative of the events
RE47v44n40p2c5, September 17, 1847, AFFAIRS IN MEXICO
About the proposed armistice
RE47v44n40p2c6, September 17, 1847, Untitled.
Spanish ambassador arrived at Vera Cruz from Mexico City after being
recalled for involvemet with monarchist intrigues in Mexico
RE47v44n40p2c6, September 17, 1847, Untitled
Brief information about the Virginia Regiment in Mexico
RE47v44n40p2c6, September 17, 1847, Untitled.
"Gen. Scott's wound at Churubusco was but slight. We are happy to hear
from the Delta, that the gallant old General was so little
troubled by his wound, that he would not eve acknowledge it until the
battle was decided. "
RE47v44n40p2c6, September 17, 1847, Untitled.
Quote from a letter in the New Orleans Picayune
RE47v44n40p2c6, September 17, 1847, PEACE
"PEACE- The N O.Delta is informed that its contemporaries
of the Patria, have late news from the city of Mexico, to the effect
that articles of peace had been signed by Mr. Trist and the Mexican Commissioners. "
RE47v44n40p4c1, September 17, 1847, DEFEAT OF SANTA ANNA AND VALENCIA
News of the armistice and of U.S. victories in Mexico
RE47v44n40p4c2, September 17, 1847, BRILLIANT VICTORIES! IMPORTANT FROM SCOTT'S ARMY
Information from the battles of Churubusco and Contreras
RE47v44n41p2c3, September 21, 1847, Untitled.
"A Letter from a Virginia Company B, 13th infantry, dated
at the camp near Mier, Upper Rio Grande, August 23rd, says: "We will leave this
delightful place for Vera Cruz in a few days. The men
are in fine spirits and health, and, I am happy say, we have lost only two
since we left Old Virginia. Our first Lieut. G.W. Clutter, or Wheeling, is appointed Adjutant of the 13th Regiment. "
RE47v44n41p2c3, September 21, 1847, CONTRERAS
AND CHURUBUSCO!
A long article on the battles of Contreras and Churubusco
RE47v44n41p4c5, September 21, 1847, THE MANIFESTO OF SANTA ANNA
What Santa Anna said to the Mexican people
RE47v44n42p1c5, September 24, 1847, THE CAPTURED DRAGOONS
Information that ten dragoons may have been captured by the Mexicans
RE47v44n42p1c7, September 24, 1847, FROM TEXAS
Information about Texas politics
RE47v44n42p2c3, September 24, 1847, NO NEWS FROM MEXICO
No news from American papers, news of vast importance from Mexican paper
RE47v44n42p2c3, September 24, 1847, OPINION
OF THE ENGLISH NEWS
Opinions of the English news as well as letters from military to correspondents.
RE47v44n42p2c5, September 24, 1847, Untitled.
Excerpts from a letter, in the National Intelligencer, from
a member or the 13th company, Virginia Regiment, dated August
22.
RE47v44n42p2c3, September 24, 1847, Untitled.
Letters have been received from the camp of General Taylor
RE47v44n42p4c3, September 24, 1847, FROM THE ARMY OF GENERAL TAYLOR
New Orleans Picayune has extracts from the Matamoras flag
RE47v44n42p4c4, September 24, 1847, THE "INIQUITIOUS" WAR
Discussion of the War with Mexico and its conclusion
RE47v44n42p4c5, September 24, 1847, Untitled.
Orders of No. 8, Buena Vista
RE47v44n42p1c6, September 28, 1847, LETTER FROM GENERAL PIERCE
A private letter written from an officer to a relative
RE47v44n42p2c1, September 28, 1847, "NO MEXICAN TERRITORY"
Discussion of the issue of whether or not the U.S. will acquire territory
from Mexico
RE47v44n42p2c2, September 28, 1847, NO NEWS YET
No new intelligence from the Mexican capital
RE47v44n42p2c3, September 28, 1847, MORE OF THE HOAX
On a letter supposedly written by General Pillow, it was in fact written
by another member of the military
RE47v44n42p4c6, September 28, 1847, GEN. PIERCE
Information that The Union is copying the remarks by Gen. Pierce
RE47v44n42p4c7, September 28, 1847, THE ARMISTICE
Information on armistice
October
November
RE47v44n53p1c4 Monday, November 1, 1847, The New York Disorganizers
RE47v44n53p1c5 Monday, November 1, 1847, Captain John B. Magruder
RE47v44n53p2c1 Monday, November 1, 1847, Five Days Later News from Vera Cruz
RE47v44n53p2c3 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, Whig Harmony
RE47v44n53p2c4 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, The Disorganizers in New York
RE47v44n53p2c5 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, Mexican Affairs
RE47v44n53p2c6 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, Arrival from Texas
RE47v44n53p2c6 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, Letter from Buena Vista
RE47v44n53p3c1 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, By Authority
RE47v44n53p4c1 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, The Capture of Mexico
RE47v44n53p4c2 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, Letter from Major Turnbull
RE47v44n53p4c3 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, Letter from Gen. Shields
RE47v44n53p4c4 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, "We see a great deal in the Whig Press . . . "
RE47v44n53p4c4 Tuesday, November 2, 1847, "British Press and Mexican War"
RE47v44n54p1c3 Thursday, November 4, 1847, The Election and the War
RE47v44n54p2c2 Friday, November 5, 1847, "The Petersburg Intelligence says . . . "
RE47v44n54p2c2 Friday, November 5, 1847, Our New Ally
RE47v44n54p2c3 Friday, November 5, 1847, "Gen. Patterson . . . "
RE47v44n54p4c2 Wednesday, November 5, 1847, "The Petersburg Intelligence says . . . "
RE47v44n54p4c1 Friday, November 5, 1847, "The True Policy . . . "
RE47v44n54p4c1 Friday, November 5, 1847, American Battles in Mexico
RE47v44n54p4c1 Friday, November 5, 1847, Col. Wilson writes from Vera Cruz
RE47v44n54p4c1 Friday, November 5, 1847, Col. Fremont's Case
RE47v44n54p4c4 Friday, November 5, 1847, "The following which we have not before seen . . . "
RE47v44n55p1c3 Monday, November 8, 1847, Trial of Lieut. Col. Fremont
RE47v44n55p2c1 Tuesday, November 9, 1847, "The most singular article we have perused . . . "
RE47v44n55p2c2 Tuesday, November 9, 1847, Disgraceful
RE47v44n55p2c2 Tuesday, November 9, 1847, "Erratum . . . "
RE47v44n55p2c3 Tuesday, November 9, 1847, "The U.S. transport ship Empire . . . "
RE47v44n55p2c3 Tuesday, November 9, 1847, Trial of Colonel Fremont
RE47v44n55p2c5 Tuesday, November 9, 1847, From the Rio Grande
RE47v44n55p2c6 Tuesday, November 9, 1847, Gen. Taylor
RE47v44n55p4c1 Tuesday, November 9, 1847, Latest From Mexico
RE47v44n55p4c5 Saturday, November 6, 1847, "An arrival at New Orleans reports . . . "
RE47v44n55p4c5 Saturday, November 6, 1847, Trial of Lieut. Col. Fremont
RE47v44n56p1c5 Thursday, November 11, 1847, "The United States Steamer General Butler . . . "
RE47v44n56p1c5 Thursday, November 11, 1847, "Passage of Commodore Stockton on to Washington . . . "
RE47v44n56p1c6 Thursday, November 11, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
RE47v44n56p2c3 Friday, November 12, 1847, "For the Army . . . "
RE47v44n56p2c4 Friday, November 12, 1847, Letter from General Cushing
RE47v44n56p2c4 Friday, November 12, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
RE47v44n56p2c6 Friday, November 12, 1847, More Troops
RE47v44n56p4c1 Friday, November 12, 1847, Correspondence of the Union
RE47v44n56p4c7 Wednesday, November 10, 1847, "General Scott . . . "
RE47v44n57p1c3 Monday, November 15, 1847, Executive Usurpations
RE47v44n57p1c4 Monday, November 15, 1847, The Lamented Walker
RE47v44n57p1c4 Monday, November 15, 1847, Affairs in Mexico
RE47v44n57p1c4 Monday, November 15, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
RE47v44n57p1c6 Monday, November 15, 1847, Mexican Items
RE47v44n57p2c1 Monday, November 15, 1847, Battles of Contreras and Churubusco
RE47v44n57p2c4 Monday, November 15, 1847, Later from the Seat of War
RE47v44n57p2c5 Tuesday, November 16, 1847, What is to be Done?
RE47v44n57p2c6 Tuesday, November 16, 1847, The Dispatches
RE47v44n57p2c6 Tuesday, November 16, 1847, "Reinforcements are Pressing . . . "
RE47v44n57p4c1 Tuesday, November 16, 1847, Puebla Entered by General Lane
RE47v44n57p4c2 Tuesday, November 16, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
RE47v44n57p4c4 Saturday, November 13, 1847, 'A sign in North Carolina'
RE47v44n57p4c4 Saturday, November 13, 1847, 'Defensive Line - No Territory'
RE47v44n57p4c5 Saturday, November 13, 1847, Another Taylor Letter
RE47v44n57p4c5 Saturday, November 13, 1847, "To show the activity and efficiency . . . "
RE47v44n57p4c5 Saturday, November 13, 1847, "A letter in the Missouri Republican . . . "
RE47v44n57p4c6 Saturday, November 13, 1847, El Molino Del Rey - W. M. T. Burwell
RE47v44n58p1c2 Friday, November 19, 1847, Battles of Molino Del Rey
RE47v44n58p1c4 Friday, November 19, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
RE47v44n58p1c7 Thursday, November 18, 1847, The Old and the New President
RE47v44n58p1c7 Thursday, November 18, 1847, "Tuesday night's Union publishes . . . "
RE47v44n58p1c7 Thursday, November 18, 1847, Feuds Among the Banditti
RE47v44n58p1c7 Thursday, November 18, 1847, From Mexico
RE47v44n58p1c7 Thursday, November 18, 1847, "The Union understands . . . "
RE47v44n58p2c1 Thursday, November 18, 1847, Battles of Mexico - Capture of the City
RE47v44n58p2c4 Friday, November 19, 1847, Mr. Clay's Speech at Lexington
RE47v44n58p2c5 Friday, November 19, 1847, "The correspondent of the New Orleans Times . . . "
RE47v44n58p2c6 Friday, November 19, 1847, The Dispatches
RE47v44n58p2c7 Friday, November 19, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
RE47v44n58p3c1 Friday, November 19, 1847, Later from Vera Cruz
RE47v44n58p4c1 Friday, November 19, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
RE47v44n58p4c2 Friday, November 19, 1847, Mexican Political Affairs
RE47v44n58p4c3 Friday, November 19, 1847, Mr. Kendall's Letters from Army
RE47v44n58p4c3 Friday, November 19, 1847, Santa Anna
RE47v44n58p4c3 Friday, November 19, 1847, The Battle of Huamantla
RE47v44n58p4c4 Friday, November 19, 1847, Mr. Clay's Pronunciamento
RE47v44n58p4c4 Friday, November 19, 1847, Com. Stockton and Gen. Kearny
RE47v44n58p4c5 Wednesday, November 17, 1847, "The Times, speaking of the armistice . . . "
RE47v44n58p4c5 Wednesday, November 17, 1847, Bold Fight of Whig Oratory
RE47v44n58p4c6 Wednesday, November 17, 1847, Thanksgiving Sermon
RE47v44n58p4c7 Wednesday, November 17, 1847, Further Dispatches
RE47v44n59p1c3 Monday, November 22, 1847, "The very extraordinary positions taken . . . "
RE47v44n59p1c3 Monday, November 22, 1847, Mr. Calhoun and Mr. Clay
RE47v44n59p1c3 Monday, November 22, 1847, "We stated Friday that Mr. Clay's . . . "
RE47v44n59p1c5 Monday, November 22, 1847, Affairs in Mexico
RE47v44n59p1c6 Monday, November 22, 1847, Battle of Huamantla
RE47v44n59p2c1 Monday, November 22, 1847, More Dispatches
RE47v44n59p2c5 Tuesday, November 23, 1847, 'War expenses . . . '
RE47v44n59p2c5 Tuesday, November 23, 1847, "Presidential candidates . . . "
RE47v44n59p2c6 Tuesday, November 23, 1847, "The Ship Senator . . . "
RE47v44n59p2c6 Tuesday, November 23, 1847, Peace Speculations
RE47v44n59p2c6 Tuesday, November 23, 1847, "We have been favored with . . . "
RE47v44n59p2c7 Tuesday, November 23, 1847, "Trial of Lieut. Col. Fremont . . . "
RE47v44n59p4c1 Tuesday, November 23, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
RE47v44n59p4c5 Saturday, November 20, 1847, Mexicans Already Voting
RE47v44n59p4c6 Saturday, November 20, 1847, Graphic Sketch
RE47v44n59p4c7 Saturday, November 20, 1847, Accounts from Mexico
RE47v44n60p1c6 Thursday, November 26, 1847, Later from Vera Cruz
RE47v44n60p1c6 Thursday, November 26, 1847, Military Contributions
RE47v44n60p1c7 Thursday, November 26, 1847, Puebla
RE47v44n60p2c1 Thursday, November 26, 1847, Speech of Mr. Clay
RE47v44n60p2c6 Friday, November 26, 1847, Mr. Clay's Speech at Lexington
RE47v44n60p2c7 Friday, November 26, 1847, Response of the Whigs to Mr. Clay
RE47v44n60p2c7 Friday, November 26, 1847, "it is consistent with Mr. Clay's . . . "
RE47v44n60p4c1 Friday, November 26, 1847, British and American Warfare
RE47v44n60p4c2 Wednesday, November 24, 1847, "in noticing our expression of surprise . . . "
RE47v44n60p4c2 Wednesday, November 24, 1847, "The 2nd Regiment of Tennessee Volunteers . . .
RE47v44n60p4c3 Wednesday, November 24, 1847, Texas
RE47v44n60p4c3 Wednesday, November 24, 1847, "A Washington correspondent of the Baltimore . . . "
RE47v44n60p4c4 Wednesday, November 24, 1847, "A democratic mass meeting . . . "
RE47v44n61p1c5 Monday, November 29, 1847, Mr. Clay's Speech
RE47v44n61p2c5 Tuesday, November 30, 1847, Rebellion in a High Quarter
RE47v44n61p2c7 Tuesday, November 30, 1847, Later from Mexico
RE47v44n61p2c7 Tuesday, November 30, 1847, Mexican Presidential Election
RE47v44n61p3c1 Tuesday, November 30, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
RE47v44n61p4c1 Tuesday, November 30, 1847, Latest from Matamoras
RE47v44n61p4c1 Tuesday, November 30, 1847, Lieut. Edward Johnson
RE47v44n61p4c2 Saturday, November 27, 1847, Mr. Clay's Manifesto
RE47v44n61p4c5 Saturday, November 27, 1847, The Fremont Court Martial
December
RE47v44n62p1c2, December 3, 1847: Presidential Candidates
Are the Whigs going to enter Taylor against Clay for the nomination
at the Whig convention? Will Taylor be able to win?
RE47v44n62p1c2, December 3, 1847
Comments about Taylor running as a non-party candidate
RE47v44n62p1c4, December 3, 1847: Tribute to the American Character
Mexico never been as safe and secure as it is now with American occupation
RE47v44n62p1c5, December 3, 1847: The Fremont Court Martial
Gives details on who has been called to testify and what they have
said-very detailed
RE47v44n62p2c1, December 3, 1847: Ten Days Late from the City of Mexico
Arrival of Col. Harney's train at Vera Cruz; returning home of Gens. Quitman, Shields, Cols. Harvey, Garland; organization of the Mexican Congress;
reported removal of the government from Queretaro to Morelia
RE47v44n62p2c5, December 3, 1847: Hard Hit from a Friend
Comments about remarks made that delegates from different counties
will met in Virginia to nominated Taylor
RE47v44n62p2c4, December 3, 1847: Colonel Wynkoop
Wynkoop is being blasted by Whigs because he dare speak the truth;
defense of Wynkoop's recent letters which have been printed in several papers
RE47v44n62p2c5, December 3, 1847
Report from Major Lally; Lieutenant Winder and Mr. Twiggs aid to Taylor
fell nobly while fighting; speaks highly of townsman 1st Lieut. John Wickham Leigh; at Cerro Gordo Lieut. L's company did good service
RE47v44n62p2c7, December 3, 1847: The Fremont Court Martial
Details on the examination of Lt. Emory; comments about the proceedings
of the court
RE47v44n62p4c4, December 3, 1847: The Way to Make Peace
Kendall in one of his letters lays out a proposal on how to make peace
with Mexico-quotes parts of the proposal
RE47v44n62p4c3, December 3, 1847: Another "Shower-Bath"
The Whigs have prolonged the war because Mexico might believe it has
an ally within the state; quote from Wynkoop's letter
RE47v44n62p4c5, December 3, 1847
Notice of Capt. Erskine's death from the Monterey Gazette-how he died
and how he was buried
RE47v44n62p4c5, December 3, 1847: Florida on the War
Comments by the Governor of Florida about how the war exists because
of Mexico
RE47v44n63p1c5, December 7, 1847
Quote about how the Whigs will be divided between Taylor, Scott and
Clay and that these division will not work well together
RE47v44n63p2c1, December 7, 1847: Governor's Message
Recognition by Taylor and Payne of the sword that will be presented
to those officers for their service; war begun by Mexico; congratulations
to the army for their success; cannot agree with the sympathies that exist
of Mexico within the US
RE47v44n63p3c2, December 7, 1847: Governor's Message
Praise to the governor for his remarks about the Mexican war
RE47v44n63p3c1, December 7, 1847: From Havana
Zetina and the government have not reconciled their differences-Yucatan
RE47v44n63p3c1, December 7, 1847
Comments about troops movement; Indians in the area; number of Mexican
troops suspected
RE47v44n63p4c4, December 7, 1847
Comments about the non-party Taylor party; problems within the Whig
party over who to support
RE47v44n63p4c4, December 7, 1847
Comments about Clay's position on the Mexican war
RE47v44n63p4c6, December 7, 1847
Comment about Clay's position on the Mexican war
RE47v44n64p1c1, December 10, 1847: President's Message
Comments about the war with Mexico-what to do about it; how it has
been handled; peace process
RE47v44n64p2c2, December 10, 1847
Col. Garland who has fought in Mexico will be in Baltimore
RE47v44n64p2c4, December 10, 1847: Difficulty Reconciled
Problems between Kearny and Stockton have been explained and settled
RE47v44n64p2c6, December 10, 1847: Arrival of General Taylor
Taylor arrived below New Orleans; Taylor accepts the invitation to
be a guest of the city
RE47v44n64p2c6, December 10, 1847: Troops for Mexico
The new barque John G. Colley has been chartered to take the troops
now at Fort Monroe to Vera Cruz
RE47v44n64p4c6, December 10, 1847: The Way to Make Peace
Comments about how to make peace in the Mexican war; praises on how
our troops have handled the war
RE47v44n65p1c1, December 14, 1847: Report of the Secretary of War
Long report (goes into great detail) about about California, Mexico;
generals, volunteers; victories of the army; reports about battles that
have been fought; comments about occupying all of Mexico; comments about
the Indians
RE47v44n65p1c7, December 14, 1847: Gen. Taylor's Reception
Details about Gen. Taylor's reception in New Orleans-gives descriptions
of the events
RE47v44n65p2c5, December 14, 1847: Fire in the Rear
Quote given at a Clay Whig meeting; suppose to be a hit at Taylor
RE47v44n65p2c5, December 14, 1847
A line of posts have been established form the Red River to the Rio
Grande
RE47v44n65p2c5, December 14, 1847
Report from the Matamoras Flag that a Mexican stated that the US should
expect more fighting; comments about troop numbers of the enemy
RE47v44n65p2c4, December 14, 1847: The Pageant at New Orleans
Description of the pageant for Taylor; gives an address giving to Taylor
praising him for his service in the war
REvXLICi65p4c3, December 14, 1847: News from the South
Comments about Taylor's movements and what he is doing-arrival in New
Orleans, who is with him, where he is staying
RE47v44n65p4c4, December 14, 1847: The Report of the Secretary of War
Comments about the Secretary of War's report; summarizes it - the report
gives a history of the war; comments about the battles in California - they
are also summarized; gives praise to the Secretary of War for his report
RE47v44n65p4c6, December 14, 1847
Gen. Quitman was met with a brilliant reception from the citizens of
Natchez; two Mexican guns were given to Quitman by Com. Perry as trophies
RE47v44n65p4c7, December 14, 1847: The Fremont Court Martial
Summary of Com. Stockton's evidence given on Wednesday in the trial-summarized
by the Baltimore Sun
RE47v44n67p1c2, December 21, 1847
Comments given to remarks made by the Richmond Republican; comments
about British opinion of the war-gives quotes from newspapers where Britain
denounces the war with Mexico
RE47v44n67p1c3, December 21, 1847
J. M. Bott the most anti-war man has been put in charge of the Committee
of Military Affairs in the House of Representatives
RE47v44n67p1c4, December 21, 1847: The President's Message
Response to Whig comments made about the President's Message; talks
of how Mexico has recognized Texas has having a right to the land between
the Sabine and the Nueces and that Mexico caused the war; basically telling
the Whigs that they are wrong with their comments about the war
RE47v44n67p2c2, December 21, 1847: Late and Important from Vera Cruz
Santa Anna has issued another pronunciamento; called on the country
to organize men; Louisiana battalion of mounted men have had some run-ins
with guerrillas; report from Captain Kerr about a run-in with some guerrillas;
description of the 1st Brigarder of Gen. Butler's Division-they
are moving to Vera Cruz
RE47v44n67p2c3, December 21, 1847
Insurrection of Indians has broken out near Huajutia; Colonel Gates
the Governor of Tampico took instant measure and despatched two companies
to restore order
RE47v44n67p2c3, December 21, 1847: Honor to the Brave
Comments about Gen. Shields' travels-where has been and his receptions
there; reprint of a speech given by Senator Eaves about Gen. Shields - gives
Shields compliments about his actions in battle at Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, Chapultepec
RE47v44n67p2c4, December 21, 1847
Proceedings of the Democrats of Caroline County at a War meeting held
on the 13th; resolved that the war was caused by Mexico; resolved
that it is the duty of the government to prosecute the war; resolved to support
the president
RE47v44n67p2c5, December 21, 1847: MEXICO
Arrival of the British Courier at Vera Cruz; recall of MR. Trist; Anaya
elected President; commissioners appointed to treat; referred by Gen. Scott
to Washington in consequences of the departure of Mr. Trist; severe disappointment
is Trist leaving; Anaya's cabinet in favor of peace; Gen. Worth and Pillow, and Col. Duncan are arrested for disrespect o the commander-in-chief; report
of Urreas capture by the camanches; fears regarding the safety of the Steamer
Maria Burt; comments about the whereabouts of Santa Anna
RE47v44n67p4c1, December 21, 1847: Veto Message
Message sent by the President to the House after the veto of the River
and Harbor Bill; comments about how the bill could not be passed because
of the extensive amount of money it would need and that money was needed to
finance the war
RE47v44n68p1c2, December 24, 1847: The Issue Joined
Mr. Botts takes the side that the US is wrong in the war and Mexico
is right and that the army should withdraw; he gave a 14 point resolutions
- analysis of the resolutions by the Baltimore Sun; lists all 14 of the points
and then tells why they are wrong and could not bring peace
RE47v44n68p1c3, December 24, 1847: Who is it that "Surrenders?"
Comments about Taylor; believes that Taylor stated that he could not
be a candidate for any party
RE47v44n68p1c4, December 24, 1847
Lieut. Edward Johnson just from the City of Mexico is in good health
and spirits
RE47v44n68p1c5, December 24, 1847
Col. Childs in his account of the siege of Puebla speaks highly of
Lieut. Laialey of Cabell County VA
RE47v44n68p1c5, December 24, 1847: Appointments and Promotions
List of Virginians in the army and their promotions
RE47v44n68p1c6, December 24, 1847: Thirtieth Congress--First Session
Debate about the war in the Senate--gives a summary of who said what
RE47v44n68p1c6, December 24, 1847: House of Representatives
Lists those who offered resolutions dealing with New Mexico, Santa
Anna, and Taylor - tells what the resolutions include
RE47v44n68p1c6, December 24, 1847: Senate
Lists resolutions brought up dealing with the war
RE47v44n68p1c7, December 24, 1847: Later from the Brazos
Steamer Ann Chase arrived in New Orleans; accounts from Saltillo had
been received-Camanche Indians had made a descent in large force upon the
Mexican settlement; Major Lane had to fight the Indians
RE47v44n68p1c7, December 24, 1847: Eighteen Days Later from Santa Fe and
Chihuahua
14 companies and two battalions have left Santa Fe for the South; 500
troops remain in Santa Fe; Apache Indians drove off 200 cattle, killed three
men and destroyed several wagons, Paymaster Spalding reports 300 Mexicans
were fortifying Chihuahua and casting cannons
RE47v44n68p2c1, December 24, 1847
Fourteen points of Mr. Botts dealing with the war with Mexico
RE47v44n68p2c2, December 24, 1847
Democratic meeting in Philadelphia passed resolutiosn dealing with
the war; Mexico never had a boundary with Texas;
RE47v44n68p2c1, December 24, 1847: Col. Garland
Arrived home yesterday; served in Mexico
RE47v44n68p2c1, December 24, 1847
Gen. Quitman reached Montgomery and was addressed by Mr. Yancey he
is expected in Charleston on Tuesday or Wednesday
RE47v44n68p2c1, December 24, 1847
Quote from the New Orleans Picayune about the President's speech--liked
the part where the president said war should goon until peace is made
RE47v44n68p2c2, December 24, 1847: Reception of General Shields
Description of the reception of Gen. Shields in Charleston
RE47v44n68p2c3, December 24, 1847
Response to the Whigs' claim of the origin of the war-gives a quote
from a Whig paper and then explains why it is wrong
RE47v44n68p2c4, December 24, 1847
Letter in the Havana Diario; Gen. Anaya Provisional President; Governors
of the States in favor of continuing the war; lists the ministers in the
new government
RE47v44n68p2c6, December 24, 1847: The Difficulties Among our Generals
Mexican Government has appointed a peace commission; train is on its
way to the city of Mexico; British Minister left yesterday; Scott has arrested
Pillow and Worth because of letters written
RE47v44n68p2c6, December 24, 1847: Late from Yucatan
A battle has been fought between Col. Zetina's revolutionary forces
and Rozado's - details about the battle
RE47v44n68p4c2, December 24, 1847: Capt. Alexander S. Hooe
Died on the 8th in Baton Rouge from a sever burn; fought
in Palo Alto
RE47v44n68p4c3, December 24, 1847: Late and Important from Mexico
Santa Anna is head of 18, 000 men; General Anaya elected President;
Senor Zullata brough forth a resolution to make the city of Mexico a state;
governors of the states in session at Queretaro; report of guerrilla attack
on a train of wagons; Santa Anna has taken command of the army in Oajaca;
Senor Otero has brought forth his proposition in the Mexican Congress for
depriving the Executive of the power to alienate any part of the territory
of the Republic by a peace treaty
RE47v44n68p4c3, December 24, 1847: Yet Later
Train under command of General Patterson left Jalapa on the 25th;
six American soldiers have arrived from Cordova where they had been prisoners;
Padre Jarauta is about to return to operate in the neighborhood of Vera
Cruz; Gen. Filizola in Queretaro with 2, 000 men; Congress displeased with
the election of the new president; reprint of the inaugural address of president
Anaya
RE47v44n68p4c6, December 24, 1847
Steamer General Butler arrived at New Orleans; she brings
many officers and soldiers from the war
RE47v44n68p4c4, December 24, 1847
Under the title Bills Passed there are a number of resolutions to honor
Generals when they pass through the city
RE47v44n69p1c3, December 28, 1847
Comments about Taylor's acceptance of his nomination by the Whigs;
fight between the Whigs and the Republican; Republican believe that Taylor
will lose; will Clay surrender to Taylor?
RE47v44n69p1c3, December 28, 1847: Reply to Mr. Clay
Conclusive reply to Mr. Clay's position in favor of Mexico and a powerful
indication of the justice of the Mexican war-is a speech given by Mr. Robt;
how could Mr. Clay say that it is now Mexico who is defending her own land?
RE47v44n69p1c3, December 28, 1847
Generals Shields and Quitman will probably reach this city tomorrow
RE47v44n69p1c7, December 28, 1847:
War Office has received by the officers who have recently arrived from
Mexico various trophies of war-two small beauitful brass wall pieces sent
by Scott; also a black flag of the guerrilleros
RE47v44n69p2c4, December 28, 1847
The Whigs are weak because they try to prove that Mexico is right in
the war; letters from Mr. Donelson which clearly show that the boundary
of Texas is at the Rio Grande-quotes from the letters why the Rio Grande
is the boundary-gies 4 reasons, including Santa Anna's concessions in 1836;
also quoted is Paredes proclamation, which declares war in the US; Mexico
intended to drive our forces from Corpus Christi
RE47v44n69p2c5, December 28, 1847
Quitman and Shields passed through our city yesterday-description of
their passing
RE47v44n69p2c5, December 28, 1847
Report that in the Ohio Legislature a petition was presented to the
Senate Declare the Union dissolved by the act of annexation of Texas;
discussions was roused by the petition; the petition was received and it
has been referred to the Committee on Federal Relations
RE47v44n69p2c5, December 28, 1847: Interesting News from Mexico
Arrest of Worth, Pillow and Duncan; Twiggs was to have come down with
the train from Mexico but because of the arrested he was detained; occupation
of Mazatlan and Guaymas by our naval forces; protest by the English Government
against forced loans from English residents in Mexico; revolution has taken
place at Chiapas; governors of the states are in favor of peace; Gen. Bustamente
has been nominated general-in-chief; Santa Anna has placed himself at the
head of an armed force for preventing negotiations for peace with the US;
government of US to throw onto Mexico the burden of financing the war; rumors
that the partisans of Santa Anna had withdrawn from Congress; Puros charging
the government with making a secret armistice with Scott
RE47v44n69p2c6, December 28, 1847: The Difficulty in the Army
Orders by Scott about why Worth, Pillow and Duncan were arrested; lists
general regulations for the army; comments about why Duncan was arrested-his
letter writing in response to Scott's letters
RE47v44n70p1c2, December 31, 1847: Report of the Secretary of the Navy
Report on the Navy's role in the war with Mexico-description of the
squadrons in both the Gulf and the Pacific; comments about the Commodores
and which battles they helped in
RE47v44n70p1c5, December 31, 1847: Later From Mexico
General Patterson has reached the captial; Mexican Government has called
on Generals Canalizo, Alcitra and Lombardini and commissions to raise a new
army; Lieut. Whipple taken prisoner; rumors to send three Mexican commissioners
to arrange peace in Havana; Capt. James Smith died; series of orders issued
by Col. Hughes on his being appointed Civil and Military Governor of Jalapa;
RE47v44n70p1c6, December 31, 1847: Maryland
Governor Pratt gave a speech-summarized; protests the Wilmot Proviso
on how to deal with land gained from the war; gave press to the war effort
and Generals Scott and Taylor
RE47v44n70p2c4, December 31, 1847: Mexican War
Whigs have selected the war to attack the administration; more comments
about why the Whigs are wrong in their beliefs
RE47v44n70p2c4, December 31, 1847: Self Refutation
Meeting in the capitol of Georgia by the Whigs agreed to support Taylor
for President; only a few men do not represent the whole party
RE47v44n70p2c5, December 31, 1847: News from Mexico
Seneral Scott issued order to bring new assignment of brigades to Generals
Smith and Cadwalader and Colonel Riley; train left Mexico City under the
command of Twiggs; General Patterson arrived in Mexico-lists who came with
him; Texas Rangers produce great excitement within the Mexican population;
Gen. Butler left for Puebla with 7, 000; Gen. Scott has issued and order dealing
with the guerrillas; government of Mexico wanting peace; Trist did not go
home; Mexican government determined to send propositions to Washington; Santa
Anna has sent battle reports to the government; response of the Mexican congress
to the Inaugural address of President Anaya
RE47v44n70p2c6, December 31, 1847
Lieut. Col. Randolph has arrived in New Orleans; description of a fight
with occurred between a small party under the command of Lieut. Col. Randolph
and a party of Rancheros
RE47v44n70p4c1, December 31, 1847: The Scene Yesterday
Description of the arrival of Col. Garland and Lieut. Johnson of Chesterfield
and Lieut. Worscetor by the House of Delegates; prints the speech given by
Mr. Speaker Strother to the guests-comments on their skillful fighting in
the war; list of the toasts given at the reception
RE47v44n70p4c6, December 31, 1847: Honor to the Brave
Elegant entertainment given in Charleston to General Shields; toast
given-to volunteers and Gen. Shields; description of events in the city while
Gen. Shields was present; lists of toast given at various events-given to
Shields, the army, other Generals and officers etc.
RE47v44n70p2c5, December 31, 1847: Delicate Compliment
Ladies of Charleston gave Gen. Shields a sling for his wounded arm
RE47v44n70p2c6, December 31, 1847: US Senate
Mr. Washington Hunt gave notice that tomorrow he would ask leave to
introduce a joint resolution of thanks to Major General Winfield Scot and
the officers under his command for their gallant services in the war with
Mexico
July
REv44i18p1c4 July 2, 1847 Mexican Affairs
The New Orleans Times of the 23d Junes says, that "letters were received in town yesterday from the city of Mexico, under date of the 2d instant, mentioning that Santa Anna had withdrawn his late letter of resignation, under the apprehension that it would be accepted. This only goes to show the extent to which sincerity forms a portion of the character of this redoubted hero, who is continually boasting of his amor de la patria, and of his readiness to lay down his life and immolate himself as a victim for his country’s welfare. The capital is represented as being in a state of complete confusion and anarchy; and as the letters do not mention that any steps have been taken to fortify the city against the approach of our troops, we presume that Gen. Scott will find the Halls of the Montezumas an easy conquest. "
The same paper contains a letter from Vera Cruz, dated the 11th inst., not so late by five days as we have received. It gives a few incidents of the late attack upon the train, and refers to the mismanagement of the escort, &c., which may form the subject for the investigation of a court martial. The letter concludes as follow. We ask attention to the interesting portion of it in relation to the opening of a new road through Orizaba and Cordova: It is said, that the road is now to be fortified, and occupied in all its more difficult passes, by the Mexican troops. Don Thomas Marin, an intrepid office of the old Mexican stamp, well known for his gallant defence of Alvarado, is reported to have eight hundred men under him, with whom he intends to occupy Cerro Gordo again, assisted, as he expects to be, by guerrillas, who can be gathered around him at a few hours notice, in cases of emergency. But even if these reports prove true, that road cannot be closed by Mexican troops. Gen. Scott can detach a division at any hour, which would again sweep such obstacles away for the moment. I am inclined to believe that the General intends to open the road to Puebla, leading through Orizaba and Cordova, as it seems to offer some advantages over that via Jalapa. By taking possession of these two cities, he would strike at the root of the Guerilla evil by controlling, to a great extent, the mountain hordes from which this class of soldiers is principally taken. It is believed that the best results would follow the opening and occupation of this road, and the General has received assurances that the feeling of the farmers and wealthy citizens is strongly favorable to the Americans, having been rendered so by the depredations of the native bands of Guerillas.
The country along this road is extremely rich, and its products most varied
and cheap. The climate is healthy and delightful, after leaving San Juan
and Palmillas; and the roads are good at all seasons of the year. It is also
a shorter route to Puebla than that through Jalapa. A great quantity of Tobacco
is produced in the neighborhood of Cordova and Orizaba, the manufacture
of which, fato cigars, is a Government monopoly, the leaf being purchased
of the growers at a fixed price. This season, the quantity taken by the Government
officers at Cordova, amounted to eight thousand bales but, as Government
property, it is liable to seizure by the Americans, while private property
is held sacred. The Tobacco has been returned to the producers to hold until
its manufacture can be safely commenced. These eight thousand bales are worth
nearly half a million of dollars, and would find a ready sale. They are
bona fide Government property, and as such would be a legal prize to our
arms. In Orizaba, too, is an immense quantity of paper very valuable, and
like the Tobacco, the property of the Government. Thus you will observe
that General Scott might pick up a million of dollars, or so, incidentally, by changing slightly his line of communications, while such a change would
secure permanent advantages over that at present open.
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REv44i18p1c6 July 2, 1847 Letter from Gen. Taylor
Headquarters Army of Occupation.
Camp near Monterey, May 18, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, with the enclosure of your editorial, extracted from the "Signal of the 13th April. At this time, my public duties command so fully my attention, that it is impossible to answer your letter in the terms demanded by its courtesy, and the importance of the sentiments to which it alludes; neither, indeed, have I the time, should I feel myself at liberty, to enter into the few and most general subjects of public policy suggested by the article in question. My own personal views, were better withheld till the end of the war, when my usefulness as a military chief, serving in the field against the common enemy, shall no longer be compromised by their expression or discussion in any manner. From many sources I have been addressed on the subject of the Presidency, and I do violence neither to myself nor to my position as an officer of the army, by acknowledging to you, as I have done to all who have alluded to the use of my name in this exalted connexion, that my services are ever at the will and call of the country, and that I am not prepared to say that I shall refuse if the country calls me to the Presidential office, but that I can and shall yield to no call that does not come from the spontaneous action and free will of the nation at large, and void of the slightest agency of my own. For the high honor and responsibilities of such an office, I take this occasion to say, that I have not the slightest aspiration; a much more tranquil and satisfactory life, after the termination of my present duties, awaits me. I trust, in the society of my family and particular friends and in the occupation most congenial to my wishes. In no case can I permit myself to be the candidate of any party, or yield myself to party schemes. With these remarks, I trust you will pardon me for thus briefly replying to you, which I do with a high opinion and approval of the sentiments and views embraced in your editorial. With many wishes for your prosperity in life, and great usefulness in the sphere in which your intents and exertions are embarked, I beg to acknowledge myself most truly and respectfully your obedient servant.
Z. Taylor.
Major General U.S. Army
Jas. W. Taylor, Esq.,
Cincinnati, Ohio
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REv44i18p1c4 July 2, 1847 Fire in the Rear
The National Intelligencer "would almost swear" that the author of Gen. Taylor’s proclamation (prepared at Washington) borrowed its very language in relation to the war from the proclamation in which the British government attempted to palliate its enormous outrage on the nationality of Denmark, in the atrocious bombardment of Copenhagen by the English fleet in 1807.
On the other hand, the N.Y.Tribune "convicts of plagiarism" the author of Gen. Scott’s proclamation, who is universally admitted to be none other than Gen. Scott himself. It says that the facsimile of the document "will be found in the address of a certain Propagandist of a preceding generation to the inhabitants of a nation he came to subdue and fraternize. " We give a copious extract to show with what gross injustice a leading Whig paper sneers at and insults a distinguished officer engaged in the honorable and arduous service of his country, in a distant land.
If Generals Scott and Taylor, who deserve the thanks of every patriot, for their distinguished achievements, have been unjustly assailed, the
evidence is to be found exclusively in Whig papers and meetings: (From
the New York Tribune. ) Napoleon Bonaparte, compelled by "a manifest
destiny" to waste Egypt with fire and sword, in order to extend "the area
of freedom, " thus addresses the victims of his benevolence. "Cadis, Shieks, Imans, Chorbadys, you will be told that I come to destroy your religion I
do not believe it. Let your answer be that I come to re-establish your rights
and punish your usurpers, and that I have more respect than the Mamelukes
for your God, his Prophet and the Koran. " And the Proclamation to the Mexicans
says, after warning them not to believe the false reports circulated in respect
to the design of the Americans to appropriate church property: "We have
not profaned your temples, nor abused your women, nor seized your property, as they would have you believe. " It is the opposite party, the proclamation
goes on the state—i.e. the party who, on Mexican soil, are endeavoring to
defend their country against invaders, whether the invaders state their intention
to be conquest or propagandism—it is this party that seeks to plunder churches
of their own faith and to produce general anarchy and confusion. This idea, too, is duplicate, and is found in the authority already quoted. Hear the
authority: "But, is there a fine county? Is it appropriated by the Mamelukes?
(the military power of the country against which Napoleon would excite
the people. ) Is there a beautiful slave, a fine horse, a fine house?
All this belongs to the Mamelukes. " They are the real enemies of the Mahometan
faith—he tells the Egyptians, he, its steadfast friend: "Cadis, Sheiks, Imans, Chorbagys, tellth-people we are true Mussulmans. Is it not we that demolished
the Pope, the great enemy of the Mussulmans? Are we not the friends of the
Grand Seignor?" The Proclamation has the same idea, and, mutatis mulandis, almost the very words: "We adore the same God, and a large portion of our
army, as well as the population the U. States are Catholic. " "Thrice happy
these who shall be found on our side!" says the Corsican: "They will prosper
in fortune and rank. But wo, eternal wo to those who take arms in favor
of the Mamelukes, and fight against us!" "Repeatedly have I shown you, "
says the American, "that the Government and people of the United States desire
peace, desire your sincere friendship, but if far from conciliating, you
succeed in irritating you will impose upon us the hard necessity of retaliation, and then you cannot blame us for the consequences which will fall upon yourselves. "
We might fill a whole column with extracts from the two papers, all of the
same general tendency, and many in almost the same words. It strikes us the
coincidence is too remarkable to be casual: history, it is true, affords
examples of extraordinary correspondence in ideas and expressions between
the productions of different ages and countries; but none, that we recollect, where not only the ground work by the super-structure are so startlingly alike. The suspicion then is naturally awakened in the mind, that one production
must be an imitation of the other; and, according to the legal maxim that
priority in time is conclusive of right, the merit of originality must be
awarded to the Corsican. Nor is American imitation confined to mere appropriation
of words, expressions, or ideas it proceeds in conduct with equal fidelity. Napoleon, while in Egypt, dressed like a Mussulman, swore like a Mussulman, turned his face to the East and prayed like a Mussulman—and our General, with
equal liberality in religious sentiment, acts the Romanist throughout, even to the holding a lighted taped in his hand for public admiration. Verily, there is nothing new under the sun; and history is but a cycle of
even of the same character and appearance.
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REv44i18p2c3 July 2, 1847 Latest from California
The editor of the Philadelphia U.S.Gazette has been favored with the perusal of a letter dated "Mazatlan, May 3d, " which was brought by some English gentlemen, who traveled overland to the Gulf of Mexico, from the Pacific coast. The U.S. ship Independence, Com. Shubrick, had been blockading Mazatlan for two or three months, and during that period, had taken several prizes. She was expected to maintain the blockade a month or two longer, and then sail for the Sandwich Islands, from whence she would return to Monterey in September. The U.S. ships Cyane and Portsmouth, were cruizing up and down the Coast. The former had taken several prizes and on the 2d of May, the latter had captured a prize valued at $200, 000. But this does not satisfy the longing anxiety of the officers of the squadron, to do something for the honor of the navy. There have been frequent thoughts of an attack of Acapulco, which is represented as being nearly as strong as Vera Cruz, but it is not known what are the intentions of the Commodore.
The California regiment had arrived cut, and in very bad condition. The
men are represented as "not what they ought to be. " The Coast of California
is quiet, and the inhabitants of Monterey have been saluted by the rounds
of Yankee axes and hammers ringing through the woods, and astonished to see
house springing up in their streets almost as if by magic. They have had
the pleasant sight, too, of Yankee girls in Yankee bonnets tripping along, amide the shawl-covered senoritas. Immigrants have come and are coming
over the mountains in great numbers. Some of the parties have suffered
to a horrible extent. One caravan was overtaken by winter in the mountains, and were reduced to such an awful state, that they were obliged to eat the
bodies of those of the party who died of cold and hunger. It is a singular
fact, that most of the women survived the horrors of the situation they were
in, while the men died rapidly. A company went out from Monterey to bring
them in, and after their arrival in comfortable quarters, it was found difficult
to make them eat proper food. Suffering had subverted their reason and their
nature, and they seemed desirous of continuing their ghoul-like propensities.
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REv44i18p2c5 July 2, 1847 From the Army of Gen. Taylor
(From the N.O.Picayune, June 24. )
The Fashion touched at Brazos Santiago on the 20th inst., on her voyage from Vera Cruz, and brought over thence the following gentlemen: Col. J.P. Taylor, of the Subsistence Department; Capt. Chase, Adjutant Caldwell, 2d Kentucky Regiment; and Lieuts. Wooster, Montgomery, Allen and Mizner, of the army. The Fashion also brought over about forty discharged soldiers.
From the Flag of the 19th inst., we learn that Capt. Eaton relieves Col. Taylor in the charge of the Subsistence Department, and will make his headquarters at Brazos Island. Major Colquphoun acts as subsistence agent at Matamoras. The Flag makes grateful mention of Col. Taylor’s services while stationed there. Major Ben McCulloch has arrived at the Brazos with 150 horses for the service. Fifty of them, says the Flag, will be reserved for his own spy company, and the rest probably used in mounting Col. Butler’s dragoons. The Flag suggests that Col. B. should range the country between Matamoras and Victoria.
Capt. W.R. Andrews, of the 10th infantry, has been ordered North on account of sickness, resulting from injuries received in the wreck of the Mobile on Orange Keys. Two robberies are mentioned in the Flag as occurring within the limits of the city. The same paper also mentions the death of John Comegys, a man well known here as a printer and reporter. He was accidentally shot on board the steamer Whitsville, just below Reynosa, on the 16th inst., under the following circumstances: "Mr. Comgys, while resting upon a cot on the boat, amused himself by playing with a Mexican boy about ten years of age. The boy, in a sportive mood, picked up an old horseman’s pistol that had been throwing about the boat, and which no one even dreamed was loaded, pointed it at Mr. C. and pulled the trigger. A ball issued from the muzzle and penetrated one of his temples, killing him instantly. He was buried at Reynosa. Mr. Comegys of Pennsylvania, a printer by profession, and had worked in this office. He was for some a clerk in the Quartermaster’s Department, and at the time of his decease officiated in that capacity on the Whiteville. His fate will be lamented by all who knew him, and furnishes another impressive lesson to show with what exceeding care fire arms should be handled. "
(Special Correspondence of the Picayune. ) Monterey, Mexico, June 6, 1847.
The Illinois volunteers and Capt. Pike’s squadron of Arkansas cavalry have been here several days, but leave tomorrow for Camargo and home. Since I left Saltillo new has reached us of quite a successful scout of Lieut. Tobin, with a party of McCulloch’s Rangers, which I presume Col. Belknap will have no objection to his mentioning. When a long distance from Buena Vista (near what place I have been unable to learn) he discovered a party of ten or a dozen armed person, and gave chase. It proved to be a Mexican express rider from Gen. Sanchez at Palos to the Governor of San Luis, with an escort, mostly deserters from our army. The bearer of dispatches and his horse and papers were captured, but the men escaped. The contents of the dispatches conveyed the information that there were very few American troops in the neighborhood of Saltillo, at that city, or along the line; people awaiting under injuries and wrongs, and anxious to fight to the last for their country, but prevented from want of means from resenting their injuries, and recommending that troops be dispatched with all possible speed to retake Saltillo, an easy task! This information I derive from, I am induced to believe, an authentic source, and the above is the purport of the dispatch. They would hardly come with any very large force, except perhaps cavalry, and they are of no account. They can scarcely have any artillery no to spare, and I am a little afraid that Gen. Sanchez, if he it was who sent the dispatch, would not realize his expectation of its being such "an easy task. " There is "a pretty smart chance" of artillery in that neighborhood. The horse which the Mexican dispatch bearer rode, singular to say, was one stolen from Lieut. Sturgis some months since. Gen. Wool, I am told, dispatched some of the rangers and a company of dragoons after residue of the party as soon as Capt. Tobin reported. If they are taken and are deserters they will have a hard time of it.
I have alluded in my previous letters to the murders committed at Saltillo by Mexicans upon Americans. They killed one too many. On the 31st ult. a member of the Arkansas cavalry, while leading his horse in a grove near the Alameda, used as a race track, was accosted by two Mexican, who extended their hands to him in a friendly manner; but, instead of the grasp of friendship, the assassin’s knife was plunged into his heart, and he was cast into a ditch, while his horse was made way with. Some of the companions of the deceased, who came to join him on the track soon after, discovered traces of blood, and on pursuing them found the wounded man breathing his last, with just life enough to tell the cause of his situation. Not far from the place two Mexicans were shortly afterwards discovered, whose conduct was suspicious, and they were captured. It was afterwards deemed inadvisable to permit them to be regularly tried; a party of men demanded them; and they were taken out and shot. In the sleeve of one was found a bloody knife, corresponding with the size of the wound. This was not enough! I regret to state that many Mexican were killed that day—some say 17, and some more. Comment is unnecessary.
Col. Curtis, formerly of the Ohio Regiment, has volunteered for the war
and been appointed Governor of Saltillo. We have had no more news of Urrea, and heard nothing of any guerrilla parties as yet. The 2d battalion of
Virginia volunteers garrison this place, but will move on as soon as they
can be relieved. There is still a good deal of sickness here, but of a
mild character, and but few deaths. For the last few days we have had
several showers during the day, and I imagine it is brewing up for the rainy
season. You will probably have an opportunity of seeing the portraits of
General Taylor by Mr. Atwood in New Orleans. Mr. R.G. Brown, a portrait
painter from Virginia, has also come out to take portraits of the general
and the members of his staff. It seems there is still a bare possibility
of our going to San Luis at a more advanced period than was contemplated
by Gen. Taylor at first, but all depends upon whether troops can be had.
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REv44i18p2c6 the July 2, 1847 One day later from Vera Cruz
The steamship Fashion, Captain Ivy, arrived yesterday from Vera
Cruz, via Brazos Santiago (says the N. Orleans Picayune, June 25) She left the former port on the 17th inst., the day
after the James L. Day. She brought over from Vera Cruz
Dr. C. T. Dardy, of the Palmetto Regiment. We have no letters from Gen. Scott’s
army by this arrival, or from the city of Vera Cruz. We cannot learn
that there had been any later arrival in that city from the army above;
we presume there was none. The most contradictory rumors are said to
prevail in Vera Cruz in regard to Gen. Scott’s movements. We prefer to give
none of them, having no faith in them. We have no confirmation of the
truth of a report that the Mexicans had made overtures to Gen. Scott
for peace, though Capt. Ivy heard the same report brought by Capt. Wood. We are now more than ever convinced that the rumor was without foundation.
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REv44i18p4c2-4 July 2, 1847 Gen Taylor (The March to the Rio Grande)
The Whig press, not caring so much for the peaceful conclusion of the war as for the party capital which they hope to create by misrepresenting its origin and management, have piled up charges upon charges against the Administration, of the most extravagant and wanton character. They have successively accused the President with the design of sacrificing Gen. Taylor and his army to Santa Anna’s overpowering force at Buena Vista—with intending, in his "lust of dominion, " to subjugate and annex the whole of Mexico, to rob and plunder the Mexican churches, and, at all events, to force a government upon that unfortunate people. These charges are of too absurd and extravagant a character to impose upon the credulity of any portion of our own citizens, but they have been greedily caught up by the Mexican leaders and reproduced as unequivocal evidence that an "entire party" in this country sympathizes with the infatuated obstinacy of Mexico, and, upon a change of administration, will allow Mexico to dictate such terms of peace as she may desire. Gen. Scott has been forced to remove these false impressions produced on the public mind of Mexico by the course of our own Whig politicians, which have hitherto encouraged the public enemy to hold out madly against peaceful negotiations.
We are happy to believe that his explanations and appeals have not been without good results and that the probable accession of Herrera to the Presidency, supported as he seems to be by the powerful clergy, may soon lead to the establishment of peace. But our purpose to present is not to go into the examination of charges, which have been so fully refuted. There is, however, another charge, still pertinaciously pressed by the Whigs, which has given "aid and comfort to Mexican infatuation. " It is that the men of army to the Rio Grande was the cause and just cause of the war, and that Mexico was fully justified in making war upon us.
The Democratic party has maintained the wisdom and necessity of that movement in defence of the territory of Texas, a sovereign State of our Union, and has been always willing to assume the responsibility of an act, which the pledged honor of the nation imperatively required at the hands of the Executive. But at the same time, they contend that if the march to the Rio Grande be so monstrous an act, Gen. Taylor himself is equally responsible, because he specially recommended it, long before the step was taken. He is the professed candidate for the Presidency of many of the Whigs—and his opinions as to what the Whigs charge as the moving cause of this "atrocious" war, can be fairly quoted in defence of the movement. The Union gives a detailed and conclusive answer to the seven columns of the National Intelligencer on this point. We have no room for the long extracts from the official documents, but must content ourselves with a brief summary of facts developed by official papers. We contend, the, that on the 4th October, 1845, three months before the order was given to march to the Rio Grand, General Taylor wrote a letter advising that march. It is a matter of history that, soon after the passage by our Congress of the joint resolution for the annexation of Texas, Almonte, the Mexican Minister, demanded his passports, regarding it as a violation of the rights of Mexico, though he was positively informed that he could not justly so regard the voluntary action of the independent power of Texas, owing no allegiance to Mexico, and that it was the sincere desire of our Government to maintain peace and good will with Mexico. Our Minister at Mexico was also refused all official intercourse with that Government, and returned to the United States. By the acts of Mexico herself, the diplomatic intercourse between the two countries was thus suspended. It was, moreover, notorious that Mexico was making great military preparation to invade Texas, as the following extract of a letter from our Charge to Texas, Mr. Donelson, among other evidences, goes to prove: "From recent information just received from General Sherman, of the Texas militia, it appears that Mexico has already about seven thousand troops on the Rio Grand, and that Captain Hays, who has only about fifty rangers under his command was about to attack a party of about one hundred Mexicans, whom he had discovered near him on the Nueces. This exhibition of force, for the purpose of driving the Texas from the Rio Grand, shows that Captain Elliot is not speaking at random when he declares (as he has done to many of the citizens of this country) that a rejection of the proposals now offered by him for the independence of Texas, will be followed immediately by an invasion from Mexico. " Under these circumstances, Gen. Taylor was ordered to defend Texas up to the Rio Grande against Mexican invasion, and to repel promptly all Mexican hostilities on the Eastern bank of that river—but to be "careful to avoid any acts of aggression, unless an actual state of war should exist. " On the 18th June, 1845, Mr. Marcy wrote to Gen. T: "The point of your ultimate destination is the Western frontier of Texas, where you will select and occupy, on or near the Rio Grande del Norte, such a site as will be our Western border. You will limit yourself to the defence of the territory of Texas, unless Mexico should declare war against the United State, " On the 30th July, Mr. Marcy again wrote as follows: "He (the President) has not the requisite information in regard to the country, to enable him to give any positive directions as the position you ought to take, or the movement which it may be expedient to make. These must be governed by circumstances. While avoiding, as you have been instructed to do, all aggressive measure towards Mexico, as long as the relations of peace exist between that Republic and the United States, you are expected to occupy, protect, and defend the territory of Texas to the extent that it has been occupied to the people of Texas. The Rio Grande is claimed as the boundary between the two countries, and to this boundary you are to extend your protection. " The letters of the 23d and 30th August are to the same purport, viz: to defend Texas from invasion, and reject the invaders, and drive the Mexican troops beyond the Rio Grande—leaving the choice of position very much to Gen. T. ’s own discretion.
The following letter from Gen. Taylor will show the manner in which he construed and carried out his orders:
Headquarters Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas,
October 4, 1845.
"Sir; I beg leave to suggest some considerations in relation to the present position of our force, and the dispositions which may become necessary for the more effectual prosecution of the objects for which it has been concentrated. It will be recollected that the instruction of June 15, issued by me. Bancroft, then acting Secretary of War, directed such a site as will consist with the health of the troops and will be best adapted to repel invasion, &c. Brazos Santiago is the nearest entrance to the mouth of the Rio Grande; and Point Isabel, within that entrance and twenty one miles from Matamoras, would have fulfilled more completely than any other position of the conditions imposed by the Secretary. But we had no artillery, no engineer force or appliances, and but a moderate amount of infantry; and the occupation of Point Isabel, under these circumstances, and with at least the possibility of resistance from the Mexicans, might have compromised the safety of the command. I therefore determined to take up the next accessible position in the rear, which is the mouth of the Nueces river. All the information which I could obtain before leaving New Orleans, seemed to point to Corpus Christi as the most suitable point for concentration; and although before the President’s instructions of July 30 reached me, I would have preferred a position on the left bank of the river, yet a careful examination of the country had already convince me that none could be found combining so many advantages as this.
Every day’s experience has confirmed these impressions. Corpus Christi is healthy, easily supplied and well situated to hold in observation the course of the Rio Grand from Matamoras to Laredo—being about 150 miles from several points on the river. I have reason to believe, moreover, that a salutary moral effect has been exercised upon the Mexicans. Their traders are continually carrying home the news of our position and increasing numbers, and are confessedly struck by the spectacle of a large camp of well appointed and disciplined troops, accompanied by perfect security to their persons and property, instead of the impressments and pillage to which they are subject in their own country. For these reasons, our position thus far has, I think, been the best possible, but, now that the entire force will soon be concentrated, it may well be a question whether the views of government will be best carried out by our remaining at this point. It is with great deference that I make an y suggestions on topics which may become matter of delicate negotiation; but if our Government, in settling the question of boundary, makes the line of the Rio Grand an ultimatum, I cannot doubt that the settlement will be greatly facilitated and hastened by our taking possession at once of one or two suitable points on or quite near that river. Our strength and state of preparations would be displayed in a manner not be mistaken.
However salutary may be the effect produced upon the border people by our presence here, we are too far from the frontier to impress the Government of Mexico with our readiness to vindicate, by force of arms, if necessary, our title to the country as far as the Rio Grand. The ‘army of occupation’ will, in a few days, be concentrated at this point, in condition for vigorous and efficient service. Mexico having as yet made no positive declaration of war, or committed any overt act of hostilities, I do not feel at liberty under my instructions, particularly those of July 8, to make a forward movement to the Rio Grande without authority from the War Department. "
"I have deemed it my duty to make the above suggestions. Should they be favorable considered, and instructions based upon them, I will thank you to send the latter in duplicate Lieut. Col. Hunt—one copy to be dispatched direct, without delay; the other to be sent via Galveston, should a steamer be running that port from New Orleans. I am, &c.
Z. Taylor
"Brevet Brig. Gen. U.S.A., com’ding.
"Adjt. Gen. Of the Army, Washington D.C. "
As the Union says, "We invoke the careful attention of our readers to the terms of this letter of Gen. Taylor. In the first lines of it, he proposes to make some suggestions concerning that disposition of his force which he deems proper and necessary to effect the ‘object’ for which his army had been concentrated. What those objects were, he knew perfectly. He had been told in the whole series of letters from the War Department, from May to August, as we have above quoted them, that he was ordered to Texas to protect that State from Mexican invasion up to its limit of the Rio Grande, and to repel from that quarter all Mexican hostilities. He knew, too—and the subsequent part of his letter shows that he knew—that our Government, claiming the Rio Grande as the boundary, was most desirous to settle that boundary by negotiation.
These were the two ‘objects’ to be effected, and, with a view to their accomplishment, Gen. Taylor, rendering his reasons as he goes along, informs his government, in this letter, that, in his judgment, his army should take post upon the Rio Grande, in order ‘to display our strength and state of preparation in a manner not to be mistake, and so to produce a salutary effect upon the Government of Mexico. ’ A more complete and authoritative endorsement of the whole policy of our Government in sending an army of observation to the Western frontier of Texas, cannot be stated in any form of language. "
But, says the Whig, admit that General Taylor did advise the march to the Rio Grande on the 4th October, he recanted that opinion in his letter of the 7th of November, and, therefore, he ought not be regarded as justifying the movement. They forget, however, to state the new circumstances which had induced him to modify his opinion. After his letter of the 4th October, he received a letter of the 16 October from Mr. Marcy, which says: "The information which we have here, render it probable that no serious attempts will at present be made by Mexico to invade Texas, although she continues to threaten incursions. Precious instructions will have put you in possession of the views of the Government of the United States, not only as to the extent of its territorial claims, but of its determination to assert them. In carrying out these instructions, you will be left superior knowledge of localities, and the earlier notice you may receive of the probable views of Mexico and the movements of her troops. "
He is also notified by Commodore Conner, on the 24th October, that the Mexican Government had accepted the proposal to arrange the difficulties by negotiation. Acting under this new information, of a change in the state of relations between the two countries, General T. wrote his letter of the 7th November, as follows:
"Headquarters Army of Occupation.
Corpus Christi, Texas,
Nov. 7. 1845.
"Sir: I respectfully enclose a copy of a letter from Com. Conner, commanding the home squadron, which I received by the ‘Saratoga, ’ sloop-of-war, on the 5th inst. The intelligence communicated by the Commodore will, doubtless, reach the seat of government long before the receipt of this letter.
"The communication from the Secretary of War, dated October 16, was received and acknowledged on the 1st and 2d inst. I purposely deferred a detailed reply to the various points embraced in that communication until I could receive an answer to mine of October 4, which covered (at least in part) the same ground.
The intelligence from Mexico, however, tends to modify, in some degree, the views expressed in that communication: The position now occupied by the troops, may, perhaps, be the best while negotiations are pending, or at any rate until a disposition shall be manifested by Mexico to protract them unreasonably. Under the supposition that such may be the view of the department, I shall make no movement from this point, except, for the purpose of examining the country, until further instructions are received.
Signed, Z. Taylor.
"Brevet Brig. Gen. U.S.A, Comd.
"The Adjt Gen of Army, Washington, D.C. "
Can any one read this letter candidly and no infer that so far from contradicting, it goes fully to substantiate the suggestions in his letter of 4th October? The reason expressly assigned for this modification of his advice is that "negotiation is pending" and that he thought it best to remain at Corpus Christi, "until a disposition shall be manifested by Mexico to protract them unreasonably. " This turned out to be true—after Mexico had consented to receive a minister from us to adjust all difficulties between the two countries, and after, at her instance, our fleet had been withdrawn from Vera Cruz, Mr. Slidell was sent to Mexico to settle all the matters in controversy. The frivolous grounds upon which he was rejected are familiar to the country.
The President presents a strong view in his message of May 11: "Thus the government of Mexico, though solemnly pledged by official acts in October last to receive and accredit an American envoy, violated their plighted faith, and refused the offer of a peaceful adjustment of our difficulties. Not only was the offer rejected, but the indignity of its rejection was enhanced by the manifest breach of faith in refusing to admit the envoy, who came because they had bound themselves to receive him. Nor can it be said that the offer was fruitless from the want of opportunity of discussing it—our envoy was present on their own soil. Nor can it be ascribed to a want of sufficient powers—our envoy had full powers to adjust every question of difference. Nor was there room for complaint that our propositions for settlement were unreasonable—permission was not even given our envoy to make any proposition of any kind. "
On the 17th December, 1845, Mr. Slidell wrote to our Government that the council had finally decided to recommend that he should not be received. And the President being thus satisfied that Mexico would refuse to receive our envoy, on the 13th January ordered General Taylor to march to the Rio Grande—a movement which General Taylor had himself suggested, as calculate to impress Mexico, and hasten and facilitate the settlement of the boundary question.
A candid and careful examination of all the facts of the case proves conclusively, as the Union says:
"First. That there is no real contradiction in General Taylor’s two letters, and that they were both written on the same principle, and in the same policy, with reference to the course our Government in its attempt to adjust our relations with Mexico.
"And, secondly. That General Taylor’s two letters, taken together, fully demonstrate his entire approval of the course taken by our Government in ordering the advance of the troops to the Rio Grande, when that advance was ordered by the War Department on the 13th of January, 1846. "
The Union presents the prominent points of the case in the following summary, which will at once strike the mind of the reader with conviction, that the march to the Rio Grande, wise in itself and demanded by the imperative obligations to Texas, had the full sanction of Gen. Taylor. It is, therefore, detracting from his character, and violating the spirit of his own official letters, to contend, as the Whigs, go, that the present is a wanton, unjust, unnecessary and aggressive war on our part.
The Union says:
"In conclusion, then how stands the case in respect to Gen. Taylor’s suggestion and approval of the march of the army to the Rio Grande? On the 4th of October, 1845, General Taylor knowing that the administration were determined to protect Texas up to the Rio Grande—knowing, too, that the was to avoid all acts which could justify hostilities—knowing, also, that diplomatic relations between the two countries had been broken off—and knowing, lastly, that Mexico was threatening and preparing an invasion of Texas. Gen. Taylor, under these circumstances, advised a forward movement of his troops to the Rio Grande. This advice the administration, by reason of information then in its possession, did not deem expedient to be then at once acted on.
"On the 7th of November following, General Taylor learned that Mexico had consented to a negotiation, and, at the same time, received information which led him to believe that she had suspended or abandoned her purpose of invasion. He thereupon informed the Government that he should not advance to the Rio Grande, as he had proposed to do, until he should receive further instructions. In this conclusion, formed in view of the pending negotiation, the Administration concurred with Gen. Taylor.
"But on the 17th of December Mr. Slidell informed the government that, in all probability, his mission of peace must fail by the refusal of the Mexican government to receive him or to entertain his propositions. This information reached Washington before the 13th of January. When received, it removed all the ground upon which General Taylor had founded the change of his opinions as to the expediency of the forward movement of his troops. The failure of Mr. Slidell’s mission, and the Mexican revolution out of which it grew, brought about a state of things which demanded the forward movement of our troops far more imperatively than when it was first recommended by General Taylor. He had advised it, both with a view on protecting Texas, and of producing a salutary effect upon the Mexican government. After the rejection Mr. Slidell, it became manifest that neither of these great objects could be accomplished without such a movement. The movement was therefore made in pursuance of orders issued by the War Department on the 13th of January. These orders were plainly conceived in the same spirit, and upon the same policy, in which General Taylor gave his original recommendation. " [MSM]
REv44i18p4c4 July 2, 1847 Correction
The N.O.Delta corrects an error in its extra which stated that three men were killed and three wounded in Capt. Duperu’s company in the fight near the National Bridge. That gallant corps did not lose a man. Capt. D. makes most honorable mention of two very young men, Victor Kerr, of New Orleans, and Berrard, of Attakapas, who enthusiastically "rushed upon the nearest band of guerrillas in advance of their companies, and for some time fought upon their ‘own hook’ with the most reckless and determined bravery. " [MSM]
REv44i18p4c5-6 July 2, 1847 Affairs in Mexico
We regret that the Southern mail of yesterday did not confirm the news contained in the Delta Extra, of the advance of General Scott to Rio Frio, the election of Herrera President, and the tender of terms of peace.
The New Orleans Picayune refers to the flattering prospect of peace contained in the intelligence by Captain Wood, of the James L. Day, and adds: "But our letters from Vera Cruz do not confirm this news, and the represent, on the contrary, as mentioned above, that nothing had been received from General Scott subsequent to the departure of the Galveston.
And, furthermore, we have letters from Puebla to the 3d June, when General Scott was there, and scarcely time had elapsed for him to march to Rio Frio and enter into negotiations, and for the news to come back to Vera Cruz. We are, therefore, at present incredulous about the intelligence.
"The day before the Day left, two Mexicans, supposed to be spies, were arrested in Vera Cruz. "A large sum of money has been found in some secluded vault in the Castle of San Juan de Ulua. It is uncertain whether it belonged to the Mexican Government or to some individual.
"The Eagle publishes a letter giving an account of a fire which occurred at Laguna on the 28th of May. Half a dozen houses were destroyed. The officers and men of the United States brig Vesuvius, with Lieutenant Magruder at their head, rendered efficient service in extinguishing the fire. "
By the whole affair of the attack on the train, the Picayune supposes we have lost about thirty men, killed and wounded. The Vera Cruz Eagle thinks the Mexicans have gained no property by their enterprise, and have sustained a much heavier loss than we. The New Orleans papers refer to the numerous complaints made of the want of vigor and efficiency in the system of regulations enforced at Vera Cruz. One great error, it is thought, is the permitting the natives of Mexico to hold and discharge important offices in captured cities, thereby enabling them to act as spies, and communicate dangerous information to the Mexicans scattered through the country. A more rigid system is warmly recommended, to prevent the loss of life and property daily occurring.
From the New Orleans Commercial Times we extract the following summary of news by the James L. Day: Nothing new had reached the city from the interior. Gen. Cadwallader had, no doubt, met little opposition after passing the National Bridge, as it was stated the Jarauta, the Priest, who headed the guerrillas, in their attack on Col. McIntosh’s train, had returned to Vera Cruz, in disguise, there to await another favorable opportunity for a successful hostile demonstration against us. The government agents were in hot pursuit of him; the Cathedral had been surrounded by American soldiers to intercept his egress, as it was reported he had taken refuge there. His horse and its trappings had been found.
The Late Attack. —The feeling Vera Cruz is very strong in reprobation of the manner in which the train was conducted; had it been properly commanded, it is asserted, it would have effected its passage to Jalap in safety, without requiring a reinforcement from Vera Cruz. A communication has reached us, that in the first attack a company of our dragoons broke, as did some other detachments of the escort, owing, as it is alleged, for want of officers. To Captain Duperu and his men, who fought most bravely, are we considerably indebted for the safety of the treasure.
Capture of Spies, &c. —Capt. Wood, of the James L. Day, informs us that a report reached Vera Cruz, on the 16th, in the morning, of an attack having been made by an overwhelming force of guerrillas and rancheros, a hundred of them, on twenty Americans, some distance from the city. The latter, it was said, were cut to pieces. The authorities were searching the city for the Priest Jarauta and two others, officers of Guerrilla bands. Just as the James L. Day weighed anchor, 2 P.M., news was brought on board that two Mexicans had been arrested by the police, supposed to be spies.
The following extracts are from the Eagle of the 16th inst. The first gives an account of Gen. Callawallader’s operations at and near Puente Nacional:
Another Victory. —We had the perusal of a letter, yesterday, dated at Puente Nacional, the 13th inst., by which we perceive that our arms have again triumphed over all the obstacles which could be brought to bear against the advance of our train. On the evening of the 11th inst., Gen. Cadwallader had pushed on the train as far as the Bridge, and finding it as well as the surrounding heights, pretty strongly fortified, preparations were made for the storming of both simultaneously, which resulted in the complete route of the cowards who had attempted opposition, although there is scarcely a doubt but that they outnumbered our forces nearly two to one, besides having immense advantage of position. Our loss is set down at about thirty in killed and wounded, besides a large number of horses. The attempt to stampede was a perfect failure on the part of the enemy, and he cannot boast of gaining a dollar by the enterprise, unless it be in the capture of some frightened mules and mustangs, which broke their harness and escaped into the chaparral, these of course, were made prizes of. The number of men lost by the enemy must have been very great, as they were seen carrying the dead bodies away to every direction, as our unerring marksmen would knock them over into the arms of death. The train which followed the re-inforcements sent to the first rain, joined Gen. Cadwallader without having met with any resistance on its march. Both are, by this time, no doubt safely encamped near Jalapa. The leader of this band of desperadoes is, (we are assured, ) a Catholic pries, who a few weeks since, left this city and the duties of his holy office, first stating to his friends that he intended to try if he could not make more money by his new profession, than by the exercises of the priesthood—a worthy scoundrel.
Gen. Pillow--Maj. Gen Gideon Pillow arrived in this city on Monday last, and proceeds immediately to proper organization of his command, a large portion of which has already arrived. By the wary we perceive Gen. P. has answered some charges made against him by some of the officers of the 2d Tennessee regiment, in a manner which, we believe, should satisfy any but a prejudiced, unreflecting, and malignant mind. His energy of character and dignified demeanor, as a military leader, are the cause of such envy and consequent abuse on the part of hose who were not "born to command. " We have no doubt, however, but that he will be as fortunate in outliving the venomous scratches of their puny shafts, as he was in recovering from the effects of the enemy’s grape.
Reinforcements. —Since our last, the 12th inst., the following companies have reached this place, on their way to join Gen. Scott: Co. ’s B, C and F, under the command Lieut. Col. Hoard. Co’s. A, E and I, under the command of Maj. Mills. Those companies all belong to the 16th regiment of infantry. Also, Co. F, of the 3d and B and K, of the 6th infantry, under command of Maj. Gwinn.
The following interesting letter, addressed to our neighbors of the Bee, by a member of Captain Duperu’s company, had been kindly communicated to us by the proprietors of that journal.
Paso de Orejas,
Mexico, June 11, 1847.
Gentlemen: The train of wagons and pack mules, under the direction of Colonel McIntosh, left Vera Cruz on the 4th June, escorted by Captains Duperu, Ford and McReynolds’ companies of dragoons—the two latter mounted—and three hundred infantry commanded by Major Lee, arrived in this village on the 7th June, after a march of three days. The train, consisting of 150 wagons, laden with specie and ammunition, and 500 pack mules with provisions, &c., proceeded without molestation until about noon on Sunday last, 6th June, when our advance guard of Captain Ford’s Indiana dragoons was suddenly attacked by a large body of Mexicans, killing two men, and wounding five or six.
In this skirmish the enemy succeeded in capturing several horses and a large quantity of baggage, among which, I have to regret the loss of all my clothing and papers. Half an hour afterwards the rear of the train was attacked, and before the rear guard, who were unfortunately too far behind, could come up to its defence, the Mexicans captured a large number of pack mules, and robbed several wagons of a portion of their contents. With their booty they retired into the dense chaparral, where it was impossible to pursue them. One of the rascals actually dragged from a wagon the wife of an hospital steward and throwing her across his horse, was making his escape, when he was fortunately shot by one of the infantry, and the terrified lady delivered in safety into the arms of her husband. After the train, which reached several miles, had come into order, the whole body moved forward, the two companies of mounted dragoons forming the rear guard.
At sunset, when passing along a low portion of the road, with an open chaparral, and commanded at the further end by a hill, on the size of which is a small line fort, our whole advanced guard, consisting of 25 mounted dragoons, about 250 infantry, and our company (Duperu’s) of dismounted dragoons, was assailed by a heavy discharge of musketry, from the fort, the hill in its rear; and the chaparral beyond, and the cleared field. Our boys received their fire steadily and unflinchingly, and returned it briskly for a few minutes. We then charged on the chaparral at the rear of the open space, silenced the fire of the enemy and drove them entirely off. At the same time the mounted dragoons charged on the hill, routed the Mexicans out of the fort and drove them over the hills. The whole action lasted about half an hour and our troops, who were principally raw recruits behaved in the most gallant manner.
The Louisiana boys acquitted themselves admirably and were the first to reach the chaparral. The friends of Capt. Duperu and his company, New Orleans, will be gratified to learn that we have sustained their highest anticipations. The loss in our company on this occasion was three wounded, viz: Samuel Lankin, in the thigh, severely; Wallace, in the thigh and hand, severely; William Hassel, in the thigh, slightly. They are all doing well. We suffered greatly for want of water, but about nine o’clock, came to a small muddy brook, where we bivousacked for the night, sleeping in the middle of the road. The next morning early we were put in motion, and about ten o’clock our van guard was again attacked by the enemy, who, upon being charged by the dragoons, were repulsed, and forced to retreat into the chapparal.
An hour afterwards we entered the town of Paso de Obejas, (Passage of the Sheep, ) where we were quartered, to await the arrival of reinforcements of artillery from Vera Cruz, with which to pass the National Bridge, six miles from the place, and the heights of Cerro Gordo, where, it is supposed, the enemy will show opposition. About nine o’clock yesterday morning a small train or four or five wagons came to direct from Puebla. They contained the baggage, and were escorted by some two hundred discharged sick soldiers and a few teamsters, whose term of service had expired. They were attacked from the heights, while in the act of crossing the National Bridge. Not being able to return their fire, the Mexicans being concealed, they simultaneously raised a shout and run towards them, whereupon the yellow-skinned cowards vamoosed. One wagon master was killed.
I had forgotten to mention in the proper place, that our whole loss in the two day’s fighting was 40 killed, wounded and missing. The news brought from Puebla is somewhat contradictory to the last advices. Santa Anna has not yet resigned the Presidential chair, and is now in the city of Mexico. Vice President Bravo is at the head of the Mexican army, which is said to be on the increase. A force of 10, 00 men are under his command. The Pass, nine miles this die of the city, is being strongly fortified, as is also the city itself. Present appearances indicate a strong resistance, and we will, no doubt, have some hard fighting to do ere we "revel in the Halls of the Montezumas. "
The forces at Jalapa have received marching orders, and will join us on our route to "headquarters. " Gen. Scott and his whole army, with the exception of the Jalapa force, are occupying Puebla. He will remain there, until sufficiently reinforced to march on the capital, which will not be, it is anticipated, until fall. Late yesterday afternoon reinforcements arrived here from Vera Cruz, under the command of Brig. Gen. Cadwallader. The number near 500 strong; two twelve pound howitzers; the Kentucky company of mounted dragoons, under Captain Gaitflers, and four or five companies of infantry. We will probably leave here tomorrow; and should the Rancheros give us a fight we will demolish them.
Yours, The Dragoon.
[MSM]
REv44i18p4c6 July 2, 1847 From Gen Scott’s Army
We have been favored with perusal of a letter received by a gentleman in this city from his relative attached to Gen. Scott’s army, from which we make the following extracts:
"Puebla, Mexico, May 31, 1847.
"I left Perote with Gen. Twiggs’ division on the 26th, and we had as large a train as ever Uncle Sam started. Gen. Twiggs had between 3 and 4000 troops, and we had between 4 and 500 wagons, forges, battery wagons, &c., loaded with stores for the army. We made quite a respectable show, reaching over 3 miles when closed up; and I can assure you that it made the Mexicans stare to see us make our entrée into the city.
The castle of Perote is a splendid fortification; but this place (Puebla) is certainly the finest city that I have as yet seen in Mexico. The country is beautiful all around, and all kinds of vegetable are abundant, and of the best quality, and fruit in great profusion and very cheap, such as apples, pears, peaches, melons, &c. There are two snow-mountains to the West of us in full view, and a fine fort on a hill about a quarter of a mile North of the city, whence you can have a full view of the whole country around, which is splendid indeed.
"The city of Puebla numbers over 80, 000 inhabitants, and is a well-built city in every respect, and handsomely laid off. All the buildings and streets are kept clean and neat, and, as near as I can judge from what I have seen since I have been here, (only two days, ) I should think that here are nearly 100 churches, and they certainly surpass anything in splendor that I ever beheld. The Cathedral, I am told, can scarcely be excelled in the world. The churches were all open yesterday, (Sunday, ) and I looked into some of them: my eyes were dazzled with so much gilt work, gold images and rich jewels.
"Our whole force at this place is between 7 and 8000. Gen. Scott and staff are here, as well as Gens. Worth, Twiggs and Quitman. We are busily engaged in getting every thing ready for a start for the city of Mexico. If we go on to Mexico, we will have about 50 wagons loaded with ammunition, beside our battery, consisting of two 24 pound guns, two 8 inch howitzers, one 10 inch mortar, and one Cocham mortar, also three battery wagons and three forges—constituting altogether quite a respectable train.
"Gen. Worth had a little fight at a small town 9 miles from here, when he was coming up, and killed about 80 of the Mexicans; and before our division arrived, the authorities told Gen. Worth that Santa Anna was coming to retake this city his men wanted money, and he should turn them loose on the city and let them help themselves. The Mexicans in all the towns near the city of Mexico are divided into two parties—the pace and war parties; and they even in this city, are frequently stabbing each other. "All communication between this place and the city of Mexico is cut off, and what will be done is hard to tell; but I hardly think that they will make more than one stand more against us on our march to that city. I expect that we will remain here a month or so yet; but we may leave sooner, as we are now within about 80 miles of the famed city of Mexico.
"June 1st—Since I commenced this letter, I have had an opportunity of going around in the city on business, and I must say that it far surpasses anything I ever say in grandeur. The fountains, public walks, gardens and churches are most magnificent. I wish you could be here to see the fair senoras swinging on a large wheel with seats fixed in the feloes. "
Despatches from the Army. Despatches (says the Union) were received on Saturday night by the War Office from General Scott’s camp. Several of the soldiers were sick n the hospitals of Vera Cruz, Jalap, Perote, and Puebla; but, with the reinforcements that were en route from Vera Cruz, he would probably have troops sufficient by the 22d to match to the capital, perhaps without any serious opposition. He had ordered all our troops to evacuate Jalap, in order to strengthen his active army.
The last accounts by the steamer James L. Day are from Vera Cruz to the evening of the 16th inst., which state that General Scott had advanced to Rio Frio, and not forthwith march to the capital, but, according to the intimation in his own dispatches, wait till about the 22d, both to give himself the opportunity of receiving reinforcements, and to allow the Mexicans more time to negotiate with the better grace.
Among the papers that were received on Saturday from General Scott is the following interesting letter from Gen. Worth, which we lay before our readers:
Headquarters,
Puebla,
May 15, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to report, for information of the general-in-chief, that the forces under my command, including the brigade of Major General Quitman, took military possession of this city at 10 o’clock to day. Halting yesterday at Amosoque, to await the junction of General Quitman, (for which purpose I had shortened the marches of the leading brigades the two previous days. ) I found my position suddenly menaced, at 8 o’clock, a.m., by a large body of cavalry. This force approached somewhat stealthily by a road on our right unknown to us. A rapid examination, as it unmasked itself, exhibited, as was supposed, some 2, 000 but, from accurate information obtained here, 3000 cavalry of the line, unsupported either by infantry or artillery, and moving a mile on our right and toward the rear, let to the conclusion that it was a ruse to attract attention in that quarter, while the real attack was to be looked for on the high road in front, or a movement on Gen. Quitman, who might have been supposed the usual day’s march in the rear.
It was presently reported that a heavy column was actually approaching on the main road. Thus it became necessary while directing a portion of the force against the visible enemy; to guard one large train, reserve ammunition, &c., packed in the square, against the invisible. The 2d artillery, with a section of Duncan’s battery, under the brigade commander, Col. Garland, the 6th infantry under Major Bonneville with Steptoe’s battery, was promptly moved, and so directed as to take the enemy in flank. The head of his column having now reached a point opposite the centre of the town, and distant about half a mile, the batteries soon opened a rapid and effective fire. After some twenty five rounds, the entire column broke, without attempting a charge or firing a shot, and hastily fled up the sides of the convenient hills. Only one company of infantry (of the 6th) was enable, from distance, to deliver its fire. The broken column was seen to reunite and resume its march in the direction of Gen. Quitman’s approach.
The 2d artillery and 8th infantry, with two sections of the light batteries, was put in its track, when, the enemy again swerved to the left, and disappeared in the hills. Two mile distant, Gen. Quitman was met by the last named detachment. He had already discovered the enemy of whose proximity the firing had admonished him, and promptly taken his order of battle. The discomfited enemy reached Puebla late at night, and evacuated the place at four in the morning. We took some prisoners, and found a few dead. The enemy acknowledge a loss of eight-nine killed and wounded. General Santa Anna conducted the enterprise.
Enclosed, marked A, a copy of a communication addressed, on the 12th, to the civil authorities of Puebla. Again, marked C, on the 14th, with reply to the latter, marked D; also copy circular, dated 9th, addressed to commanders of corps, to regulate their conduct in certain contingencies on the march. It is understood the force which retired from this city the day before yesterday, and today, is to take post at Puente del Tesmaluca, distant 12 leagues on the road to the capital, where it is proposed to fortify. Our reception was respectfully and coldly courteous, but without the slightest cordiality. Incessant occupation has not allowed me a moment to look into the resources in way of supply; but Mr. --says, breadstuff will be had in abundance, less of beef, and perhaps a liberal quantity of small rations.
Very respectfully,
your obd’t serv’t.
W.J. Worth.
Brevet Maj. Gen. Commanding.
General Scott,
A.A.A.G. Headqueaters of the Army,
Jalapa.
The papers referred to by General Worth were not communicated with
his dispatch. We have very little doubt that General Scott is by this
time in the Capital, unless some definitive propositions for peace have
been made by the Mexican Government.
[MSM]
REv44i19p1c3-4 July 5, 1847 The Whig Party Disorganized
Two days ago we published a remarkable letter from Gen. Taylor to the editor of the Cincinnati Signal—a paper which we have never seen, but which we presume to be like the N.Y.Mirror, for Gen. Taylor as a "no party" candidate. We were curious to observe the effect which this letter would produce in the Whig camp here—and our curiosity was yesterday morning gratified. The Whig publishes the letter, but touches it very gingerly. It is evident that that paper would have preferred that the document had not seen the light.
Here is all that the Whig says: "We imagine it was not designed by the writer for the public eye, but the editor of the Signal professes to think that the circumstances under which he received it warrant its publication. He says he left it to be his duty, when the first demonstrations were made in favor of Gen. Taylor for the Presidency, to dwell upon the subject at considerable length.
"We were desirous (he continues) that some of the suggestions contained in our article should meet the eye of Gen. Taylor, and therefore enclosed it to his address, with a few words of reference to our position as a journalist. In rely to that communication we have received the admirable and significant letter, which we take pleasure in laying before our readers. ’
"We publish this letter, without, for the present, and comment. "
The Republican, which was the first paper in the State to fly the name of General Taylor for President, subject not to the decision of the Whig party, or any convention or organization, but "to the decision of the American people, " re-publishes the letter under the head of "General Taylor and the Presidency—a letter defining his position, " with no other comments but "the explanatory introduction" of the Cincinnati Signal, above quoted by the Whig.
But the Times boldly takes the bull by the horns, and distinctly marks out which itself and the Whig party mean to follow. We give the whole article as it appears to the Times. As coming from so respectable an organ of the Whig party, it has an important bearing, and will be read with interest:
"Gen. Taylor’s Position. —The letter of General Taylor to the editor of the Cincinnati Signal, which we published yesterday, seems to be intended by the writer as a more formal declaration, than any that has yet appeared, of his views in regard to the Presidency. He states, without equivocation, that in no case can he prevent himself to be the candidate of our party. If Gen. Taylor adheres to this resolution, we are constrained to express an opinion, that the Whig party cannot be expected to surrender their organization and their principles for the purpose of elevating him to the Presidency. They have rendered him the homage of enthusiastic admiration, not merely for his distinguished services as a soldier, but for his noble moderation, his conspicuous good sense, and his calm dignity in receiving the slights of an alienated administration. They have rallied, as one man, in Congress and in the country to defend his reputation from ungenerous assaults. Almost unanimously, they have looked forward with pleasing anticipations of the period when they could reward him with the highest station the civil Government. But if Gen. Taylor deliberately chooses to decline that honorable testimonial of their gratitude, because they would offer it as Whigs, we cannot perceive that they have any recourse but to accompany him to the retirement he covets, at the close of the war, with their profoundest regrets and unabated affection. There are others who descry nothing to revolt at in receiving the concerted support of the great Whig party of the Union.
"We regard the late letter of Gen. Taylor with the more regret, because we cannot dismiss the impression that the unfortunate position he has assumed in it is inducted by the inconsiderate haste of some of his admirers, in too early bringing forward his name in connection with the Presidency. We did not join in that movement, because we apprehended that it might impel General Taylor to the very course he has now adopted. In this paper of April 17th, we took occasion to express the belief that the nomination of Gen. Taylor at public meetings and by the press was "premature, " and in support of this opinion, remarked—‘We fear the effect of these hasty movements upon the mind of the gallant General himself, now actually in the service of the Government, of which they would make him the most formidable opponent. "
We lament that the unhappy influence thus referred to has probably been effectual in steeling the obdurate inclination of General Taylor against all organized approaches from the Whig party, with which his own affinities are well understood to lie. But since his resolution has been take, it only remains to us, as a party, to look with more prudence to a candidate who will not rudely reject our embraces, and who is willing to commit himself to our policy. "
We pass over its sly but cutting rebuke of the "inconsiderate haste of some of his (General Taylor’s) admirers, "in placing him in the "unfortunate position he has assumed"—and we come to the gist of the article, the positive declaration, that "if General Taylor adhere to this resolution, " in no case to permit himself to be the candidate of any party, (and who ever knew Old "Rough and Ready" to retreat from his position?) the Whigs have no "recourse but to accompany him to the retirement he covets, at the close of the war, with their profoundest regrets and unabated affection. "
The concluding passage is so plain and unequivocal, that it cannot be misunderstood. "But, since his resolution has been take, it only remains for us, as a party, to look with more prudence to a candidate who will not rudely reject our embraces, and who is willing to commit himself to our policy. " No comments are necessary to interpret such language. A leading organ of the Whigs of Virginia thus plainly repudiates Gen. Taylor as a candidate for presidency!
Look at the Republican, on the other hand. It has nailed the Taylor flag to the mast and avows its determination to support him "without a shy or wherefore, " regardless of Whig "organization" or Conventions. But, above all, it published to the world in exulting tones, not many days since, that out of some twenty eight Whig papers in Virginia seventeen were in favor of Taylor, unconditionally, The Times in vain screams out, that to support General Taylor under the circumstances would be a "surrender" of Whig "organization and principles. " It is too late—the fatal pledge has been taken by these seventeen Whig papers to "sink or swim" with Gen. Taylor; and if they are at all imbued with the spirit of their great leader, who "never surrenders, " they must continue to fight for him "to the death. "
In the mean time, the Richmond Whig looks sullenly on and does not say a word. It cautiously looks ahead to the struggle which it is sagacious enough to see will be sure to come off between the different factions of the Whig party, and takes time to put on its thinking cap. Have we not above furnished elements enough to prove the proposition we set out with, that in Virginia, at least, the Whig party is in an utter state of disorganization-a chaos of conflicting views and "principles?’
How is it in the neighboring State of North Carolina? A meeting "of all parties" is called for today, to assemble in Raleigh; and the Register, the Whig organ, warmly endorses it. But even there, this proposition does not meet with the universal acquiescence of the Whigs, for a communication in the Register holds the following language. Let it be remembered that the writer had not seen the letter of Gen. Taylor: "in conclusion, I must be allowed to say, that as a Whig, I am opposed to this Convention "without distinction of party, " called to meet on the 31 of July next, to nominate Gen. Taylor for the Presidency. If the Democrats as a party, or any portion of them, have seen the error of their way, the folly and imbecility of their leaders in conducting national affairs, and if they have repented of their ingratitude and injustice to Gen. Taylor, we certainly can have no objection to their co-operating with us in elevating him to the Presidential Chair; but let us make no compromises, have no partnerships in the fatter—for Taylor is a Whig, must be nominated as a Whig, and will be triumphantly elected as a Whig. "
How stand the affairs of the Whig party in Georgia, will be seen from the following brilliant article in the last Athens (Ga. ) Banner, which will speak for itself: "The Georgia This are a stiff-necked race—so thoroughly convinced that the only hope of reaching that political Heaven to which they aspire, is by clinging to the skirts of "Old Zack, " that they are resolved not to trust him to their allies in Convention. We have noted from the beginning of the trance into which they fell upon the subject, that it opened to their vision fields too Elysian—bliss too exquisite—from the fiery gulph in which they lay ‘confounded though immortal, ’ to be hazarded. The uprising of the masses in the last Presidential campaign, with a power that astounded whiggery in her strongest castle, a fancied superiority over, and a complacent scorn for the progressive democracy—the overthrow of their system of monopoly and plunder, by which agriculture, commerce, and navigation were rendered ‘hewers of wood and drawers of water’ to the pampered and lordly manufacturer—the shrinking of that once gigantic money power, slept a Bank of the United States, into the dreamy and shadowy image of an ‘obsolete idea’—the separation of the treasure of the Union from the banks, working like a charm, to check the wild growth of that paper currency, by which Whiggery expected to be clothed in purple and fine linen, at the expense of the plundered ploughmen and beggared yeomanry—the prosperity, which in every department of human industry through the length and breadth of the land, lights upon the brow of labor with a smile, and invigorates its arm for a sturdier blow—the brilliant series of victories in a war which they have denounce as one of ‘aggression and plunder’ and which an "imbecile’ President was incompetent to wage—had plunged them so deep in to despair, that when the name of ‘Old Zack’ came to them, they drank it in like a criminal under the gallows does the first words of pardon, and thrown into that state of trance which usually follows a consciousness of redemption from death unto life, the incantation of Old Zack’s name burns upon their lips as a spell word of salvation, regardless of the voice of their allies who tell them it is be an illusion. But not say they, "We Georgia Whigs know on which side our bread is buttered, and though we love you dearly by the memories of the past, yet we abjure you by the fear of the future—let us alone with Old Zack, and go about your business in a National Convention—a foutra for it—who care!’
"That we may not be thought to misrepresent the modern dynasty of Georgia This, which has thus arisen from the lost estate of Whiggery in general, and defied ‘law and order, ’ we copy the following from the Southern Recorder: "Will the Democratic leaders help us to do it? If they will, they will be entitled to the thanks of the country, for their patriotic magnanimity in overlooking mere partisan views, in elevating to the chief magistracy a true patriot, ‘who has filled the measure of his country’s glory. "
But if they consent to do so, let it be no support of the old hero, subject o the Baltimore Convention’s adjudication. Such a nomination would be just tantamount to the shuffling off old Rough and Ready, and the re-nomination of another Mr. Polk, or some body as prominent and as suitable. Take it up in good faith as the Whigs take it up, and nominate the old hero for the chief magistracy. Baltimore Convention or no Baltimore Convention—let us all go together fairly and honestly and above board, for the hero of the Rio Grand. ’
"This is clear, from the declaration of the Recorder, as well as from the fact that the Whig papers in Georgia have raised the Taylor flag without the usual words of submission to party drill, "subject to the decision of a National Convention, " that the party in this State intend fighting the Taylor battle on their "own hook, " thereby giving a little presumptive evidence, to say the least, that they do not expect Taylor to be nominated or elected by acclamation. Oh, not gentlemen, the forces of acclamation always fight in a body—and never take each man his tree, fight on his own hook, and stank in the face of authority. In Alabama, we have shown how at least one Whig candidate has avowed himself opposed to a Bank and high Tariff and goes it "blind" for Gen. Taylor—and how another who cast the solitary Whig vote for the Tariff of 1846, has been renominated by his party without opposition. The Whigs of New England have vowed their uncompromising opposition to Gen. Taylor—and many of the Western Whig papers have covered his name with vituperation and insult. From those quarters he cannot, we are sure, receive the smallest support.
In New York, we understand from a gentleman who has just passed through the State, public feeling is beginning to develop itself on the part of the Whigs in favor of the hero of Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo. The signs in every direction indicate a complete confusion in the Whig ranks; and this last letter of Gen. Taylor, (the spirit of which, in some particulars, meets with our cordial approbation, we are free to admit, ) has fallen like a bombshell into the Whig camp, to produce a tremendous explosion. The duty of the Democrats is plain enough. Let them stand by their principles and bide their time. The country is most prosperous under Democratic measures. We cannot believe that, under any circumstances, the people will be willing to give up what they know to be wise and beneficial, merely for the sake of a "change" which may lead, as heretofore, to injustice and oppression to the masses of the nation. We have thus present to our readers a series of facts, but of an interesting character. Few comments were necessary to explain their bearing upon the political fortunes of at least one party. They will, doubtless, give rise to many "rich" developments in the Whig press, of which we promise to keep our readers advised.
We close these remarks, by saying that we heard some the Whigs yesterday coincide entirely with the views of the Times, and declare that they would vote for no man who would not commit himself to Whig principles. Thus we go!
P.S. Since writing the above, we have received the Union, which contains the letter of General Taylor, Esq. Editor of the Cincinnati Signal. We shall on Monday republish it, with the comments of the Union. In the mean time we copy the remarks of the Union, written after its article was penned. It unfolds a new scene in this singular drama:
(From the Union. ) The above is the view which we take of the letter attributed to Gen. Taylor, on the supposition that it be a genuine production; but there is a paper published in this city, under the name "of the National Whig, " which flies Gen. Taylor’s name at its masthead for the next President of the United States: this paper, in its number of this morning, republishes the letter and article from the "Signal, " and pronounces it to be "A forged letter from Gen. Taylor—Locofoco trickery exposed;" and says: ‘Some years since, there came a little man by the name of James W. Taylor to Cincinnati from West New York. He opened a law office, but not meeting with any success, took to writing for the press. The Cincinnati Herald and the Cincinnati Enquirer were recipients of his labors in this way for a short time, when he set up, on his own account, the Signal about a year ago. The Signal is a sort of independent democratic paper, not recognized at all by the Democratic party, and not distinguished for any remarkable ability in its editorial conduct. "
The "National Whig" then copies the article from the "Signal" and the letter, and makes the following remarks: "By this time, we have no doubt, the reader has come to the conclusion we have arrived at namely, that the above letter, with the printed signature of Gen. Taylor to it, is a forgery.
"For ourselves, we doe not hesitate to pronounce it a forgery—a base, contemptible forgery. Not that James W. Taylor is the forger. We do not say that, though he is a vain man. He is the victim of a wicked deception, if he is not the deceiver himself. He is a person of no influence in Cincinnati, and utterly unknown to Gen. Taylor.
"There is nothing like Gen. Taylor in this silly letter. The whole world will pronounce it a counterfeit at once, because the whole world knows the style of the hero of Buena Vista.
"Compare it with the following genuine letter of the old thunderer from the New Orleans Bulletin. That letter was written to Col William Taylor of Point Coupee, Louisiana. It breathes the genuine sentiments of an out and out Whig writing to a brother Whig. Is there anything in it like the twaddle of the "Signal" forgery? Nothing. "
Here follows the letter to Col W. Taylor, which we have already published; and the "National Whig" concludes as follows: "in the mean time, we demand, as a matter of justice to the old hero, that every paper that shall publish this vile forgery from the Signal to copy this article. Gen. Taylor himself will nail it to the counter so soon as it can reach him. The scoundrels who have been instrumental in this infamous act of forgery will be ferreted out. A gallows as high as Haman’s is already prepared for them. "
Whether the letter attributed to General Taylor be genuine, or a forgery, will soon be decided by subsequent developments from Cincinnati, or from General Taylor. We learn from two citizens of Cincinnati, now in Washington, that the "National Whig" does injustice to the talents of Mr. Taylor. Postscript. Is it a forgery? Or is it authentic? The mail of tonight, just received, brings us several papers from Cincinnati of Monday last. Not one of them breathes single doubt of the authenticity of the General’s letter. Most unfortunately for the "National Whig, " and all others who think with it, yesterday’s Southern mail brings us decisive proof that this so called "base, contemptible forgery, " must be a genuine production.
The New Orleans Delta has the following article, fully confirmatory of the genuineness of the letter addressed to the Editor of the Cincinnati Signal. "A gentleman in this city received, a few days ago a letter from General Taylor, in which, referring to the attempts of certain papers, to make him a party candidate for the Presidency, the General says that he is very reluctant to be a candidate at all, but if he is, it will only be as the candidate of all parties—as the spontaneous choice of the people of parties—that he would not have the office unless it was untrammeled by party politics or obligations. The letter is written to a prominent Democrat of this city. What have our worthy contemporaries of the Bulletin to say to this? What will the "National Whig" now say of the "Locofoco forgery?" Will it now recant its insulting charge of "twaddle" in regard to the letter in the Signal? Truly, the confusion in the Whig ranks rapidly increase, and we do not envy the "political hucksters" who, for the sake of personal advantage and the trappings of power, have dragged into the political area the name of the gallant old hero, whom all must admire for his bravery and skill on the field, and his unflinching support of the just and righteous cause of his country against an "insolent foe. " [MSM]
REv44i19p1c6 July 5, 1847 More Evidence
A gentleman, long a resident of the city of Mexico, in which country his opportunities for observation have been most numerous, assures the Editor of the Pennsylvanian that "the influence most potent in the encouragement of the Mexicans during the present war, was the course of the Federal newspapers and Federal leaders in this country. Their anti-war opinion were repeatedly and exultingly copied into the Mexican papers. This fact did not astonish us, mortifying as it was to hear it in so authentic a shape. " [MSM]
REv44i19p1c6 July 5, 1847 General Article
The New Orleans Delta gives an amusing sketch of the examination before the Recorder of a discharge volunteer, upon a complaint of being found of being found drunk in the street. He obtains leave to "talk to this Court Martial, " and enters into a long rigmarole of his services as a private in Marshall’s cavalry, and of the strange habits of his horse, which would "throw out his hind feet as if he wanted to kick the whole Mexican nation into futurity. "
The Recorder had a tedious job to keep the soldier’s voluble tongue to the point—but he finally took the right track, and exposed the merits of his case, as follows. It was a running, or rather a fighting, epitome of the great scenes of the campaign: "Why, you see, Colonel, ‘bout a week ago, old Col. Larned, the paymaster, give me my dimes, and I asked one of my mess, Bill Jones, if he wouldn’t take a drink. We took a couple of horns and got a talking about politicks. Bill said the Whigs was goin to run Gen. Taylor for President, and I said the old man wouldn’ run no how. He then said that Gen. Scott was the man who had planned out all our battles, and I told him if old Zach had been let alone he’d had his old crooked nose smellin the perfumes of the halls of the Montezumers months ago. Bill got mad at this, for he’s an all-fired strong Scott man, and we took another horn. Comin’ out of the doggery, Bill told me I was a fool, and I tod him he was a liar. He gave me a Palo Alto lick in the head, and I returned the compliment by a regular Monterey sockdoleger in his bread-basket. He then come the Cerro Gordo tetch on my nose, which I repaid with a Buena Vista ping in his mouth. This last lick settled him, after which I went to take a horn, and I guess I follered’ em up until I was wuss than the beast with seven horns spoken of in the Revelations. "
The Recorder read Will a lecture, and told him that it would
be well for him to draw out by means of an emetic the horns that he had
taken, and never again meddle with military politicians.
[MSM]
REv44i19p2c1 July 5, 1847 The Effects of that Letter
In spite of the heavy Paixhan gun from the Times, the Republican stands firmly by the standard of Gen. Taylor. Its article is as follows, and though no names are called, it attempts to specially parry the blows of the Times, and intimates that that and other Whig papers have recognized and encouraged the popular preferences for Gen. Taylor.
"The National Whigstoutly denies that Gen. Taylor ever wrote the letter recently published by the Cincinnati Signal. It boldly pronounces that letter as forgery. It places it side by side with the letter of Gen. Taylor to Col. Taylor of Louisiana and calls upon the reader to observe the difference.
"Whether this letter be genuine or not, the desire of Gen. Taylor not to seek the Government as the head of a party, nor receive it’s honors and administer its trusts as a partisan politician, were as well understood before the appearance of this document as since it’s publication. Supposing him to be the writer, he does not appear, as some think, to renounce Whig principles. Its is only "party schemes" with which he refuses to defile his hands, and we honor him the more for his manly independence. The letter does not express or imply any renunciation of "the political preferences which we suppose him to entertain. It merely defers, till the close of war, a declaration of his views, when his usefulness as a military chief shall no longer be compromised by their discussion. What the principles of Gen. Taylor are, we have no more doubt than we have of his existence. Long before our own humble sheet, in response to the universal popular sentiment, nailed his flag to the mast, we were satisfied he was a Whig, on evidence which we regard as good as that he fought the battle of Buena Vista. When he disclaims those principles, we shall lower his standard; though never, were he baptized in the deepest waves of Democracy, never would we cease to honor and reverence his glorious name, nor admire a character who more nearly resembles the Father of his Country, than any patriot-hero who has ever graced the annals of the age.
"But we can multiply proofs, we can pile mountain of testimony on mountain, to demonstrate that Taylor is a Whig. And thus believing, we shall not forsake him, because, like Washington again, he prefers private life to the Executive station, and does not wish to leave his loved retirement, except at the call of his country. We know that his nomination has been repeatedly stigmatized as premature. If it be premature, the fault must be laid to the people, who have dared to indicate that their preference for Taylor, without the intervention of any political clique. If it be premature, it is because the people have acted before a Convention. What effect these premature movements have had upon his mind, we do not know, except that they have sometime since drawn from him a declaration that he will not refuse to accept the proffered honor, thus deciding a question which was at one period supposed to admit of great doubt. We have hoisted his flag, subject to the decree of the American public; and, in so doing, have appealed to the same tribunal which this letter acknowledges as supreme and final. It cannot be denied that even those who have not formally proclaimed his name, have recognized and encouraged the popular preferences for Gen. Taylor. It cannot be doubted that he is the favorite, for the highest station in the Government, of a vast majority of the American people; and thus believing, we see nothing premature in a "visible sign" of the "inward feeling" nothing premature in declining to wait till a Convention has given permission to the country to elect the Presidency the man of its choice.
"The nation waits with anxiety for the advent of a President, whose patriotism soars above party schemes, and who with moral courage only equaled by that physical valor which has covered with resplendent glory the American name, boldly resolves that he must be taken as a President of the people, or permitted to retire to his farm, and preserve there the independence which he deems to valuable, to barter for the highest office on earth. "
The Republican is satisfied beyond doubt that Gen. Taylor is a Whig, and does not in this letter, "renounce Whig principles. " We shall let the following items in yesterday’s Times speak for themselves on this point:
"important—The ‘Whig Central Committee of the State of Ohio’, in a late address to the Whigs of that State, use the following language:
"A word on the subject of the Presidential candidates: Far be it from us to debar any man, even if we had the power, from aspiring to the highest office within the gift of the people. Neither would we make military successes, however brilliant, a test a qualification. And while we condemn and reject no man, so neither do we propose any man in connexion with the Presidency. We are pledged to no one—we are committed to no one. We do not think the present a proper time to select a candidate. Let us re-assert our principles, and declare the policy on which we intend to act. "
"The Knoxville Standard, (Democratic, ) states that at the recent Taylor meeting in that place, Whigs and Democrats participated, and that one on the speakers—Gen. Anderson—a leading Democrat, ‘knows enough of Gen. Taylor to satisfy him that he is not of the protective tariff Whigs. "
The Times also clinches its article of Friday. Referring to the letter of Gen. T. to a Democrat quoted by the N. O.Delta, which says that he "can only be a candidate as the candidate of all parties—as the spontaneous choice of the people of all parties—and that he would not have the office unless it was untrammelled by party politics or obligations"—the Times remark: "This is very decided. But in a free country, where the people are understood to be the source of authority, where parties do exist, and where political principles are discussed and entertained by the people, we, hardly suppose it possible that they will be satisfied to go to the polls and vote for a man whose political principles have not been openly declared, and who, in his administration of affairs, is pledges to no particular policy—however great may be the national regard for him personally. "
The Whig N.O.Bulletin, quoting the same letter, goes it blind, and says: "We are perfectly willing to support him on these terms—willing that he should be voted for by both Whigs and Democrats—willing to take him just as he is, ‘and no questions asked. ’" Who can compare the conflicting positions and make even a fair guess of what will be the ultimate course of the Whig party?
To show how the letter is regarded in the West we quote the following from the Columbus (Ohio) Statesman: "Sore rebuke to the Whig party. —The true state of the case at last. —General Taylor has at last been drawn out fairly on the subject of the Presidency, in a letter to our friend Taylor, of the Cincinnati Signal, and which we copy below.
It is a most terrible damper to that portion of the Whig party who have been holding him up as a leader of their party schemes. ‘In no case, ’ says General Taylor to the Whigs, who have been bellowing for him with so much ardor—In no case can I permit myself to be the candidate of any party or yield myself to party schemes. ’ Our Whig State Central Committee were wise in repudiating him—in effect, if nut in words—as he declares he will have none of their party drill, and obey none of their party schemes! After this, we presume, we shall hear no more of Zachary’s being ‘a good Whig’ ‘a Whig sound in all the principles of the party, ’ a ‘Clay Whig’ a ‘Whig of the right stamp, ’ &c, &c.
We shall now look with anxiety for the next move on the political chess-board of federalism and anti-warism, since he who fought so well his country’s battles refuses to be a candidate of the party that leagued with our enemies while he was fighting them. This singular anomaly, conceived by the Whigs, is thus repudiated by the only man that could have consummated so great an absurdity. But to General Taylor’s letter which will speak for itself. Here it is, read it, every Whig in the land. " [MSM]
REv44i19p2c3 July 5, 1847 A public dinner
A public dinner was tendered at New Orleans to Col. Doniphan, who was compelled to decline it. The Western and South-western papers are filled with the proceedings of the people, to give a warm and cordial reception to the brave volunteers just "returned from the wars. " [MSM]
REv44i19p2c3 July 5, 1847 A few days ago
A few days ago the Whig referred to the Taylor "current in which public sentiment in the South is running, " and gives as evidence that apprehension was felt by "some of the leaders lest the Democratic State Convention of Georgia might nominate General Taylor for President—but that Convention has met and adjourned, having resolved to support the nominee of a National Convention.
The course of the Richmond Times, a leading organ of the Virginia
Whigs, and the action of the Whigs of Columbia county, Georgia, who we learn
from the Whig, "in public meeting assembled, have expressed a decided preference
for Mr. Clay as the Whig candidate for the next Presidency, " show that the "current" is not now quite so strong.
[MSM]
REv44i19p2c3 July 5, 1847 The Government Steamers
The Government steamers, Secretary Mason and Secretary Buchanan, with the schooner Col. Yell, went to sea on Saturday from Philadelphia. The destination of these vessels is for Vera Cruz direct, via Key West. They are laden with stores for the army.
[MSM]
REv44i19p2c3 July 5, 1847 The general impression
The general impression seems to be that Gen. Scott is now in the Mexican capitol. What curious thoughts are suggested by the following brief words of the N. O.Courier!
"We trust Scott and his gallant troops will spend the Fourth of July in the enemy’s capitol and that some eloquent and able man among his chaplains may be called upon to deliver a real, true-blue American discourse respecting that glorious and ever to-be-celebrated anniversary, and on the brilliant prospects which recent events have opened to the view of the Mexican people. "
The New Orleans National says:
"We presume that Gen. Scott is now in Mexico; he was to leave Puebla on the 16th June. Giving him four days for delay, he still has time, up to his date, to have reached the city. The distance from Puebla to Mexico is less than ninety miles—the road is through a plain except at Rio Frio, but this pass, of which much has been said, is not as formidable as has been represented. There is no chapparal to conceal the enemy, the forest assuming a character suited to a temperate climate, and we are assured by a gentleman familiar with the pass, that it presents very little obstacle to our advance. Once on the top of the mountain, twenty miles distant, the city extends out as it were on a map. Lake and village, house and castle, are all distinctly marked, while the gorgeous mountains that surround it, give it the air of an enchanted city; it is so beautiful in its repose. It was from this mountain pass that Cortez and his followers surveyed the ancient Mexico—and, in their wonder and delight at the prospect, fell on their faces with joy. We can readily imagine that our brave troops, like those of Cortez, a mere handful, when they behold the Halls of the Montezumas for the first time, will at least raise a shout, the echoes of which will linger as a funeral knell on the departed sovereignty of the present degenerate inhabitants. " [MSM]
REv44i19p2c5 July 5, 1847 General Taylor’s Letter (From the Washington Union)
The following article, to which reference is made by the letter of General Taylor, was published in the Cincinnati Signal of April 13th, and is as follows:
"General Taylor and the Presidency.
We perceive in various quarters, the nomination of General Zachary Taylor for the Presidency. So far as such a demonstration is the mere transport of military enthusiasm, or f the trick of political faction, it would be unworthy of notice; but we think it evident that his movement of the public mind has a much higher character, and grows out of a conviction, that General Taylor has displayed an energy and wisdom of conduct, and a modesty of demeanor, which are as requisite to the deliberations of cabinet as the plan of a campaign. It is a great mistake to suppose that the people are blinded in their political preferences by the bare fact of military achievement. It was the popular impulses and the stern honesty of Andrew Jackson, which aroused the sympathy and trust of the nation; and we predict that, whatever skill or success may attend the march of General Scott to Mexico, he will never excite the attachment or confidence which follows the hero of Buena Vista. We are not surprised, therefore, that ardent spirits are calling for the sword of General Taylor to cut the Gordian knot of political intrigues. But it is a far different question whether his name and fame shall be made an instrument of mere partisan warfare. In this respect, there is a distinction, which we are confident General Taylor will be among the first to perceive and act upon, which we hope to illustrate in the few remarks that we feel constrained to make in reference to existing and future agitation of this subject.
"What an enviable rank in the eyes of the world, and the harts of his countrymen, General Taylor now holds. Should he return form the fields of the Rio Grande and the heights of the Sierra Madre, with what affection and respect would he be greeted by men of all parties. Himself never a politician—content in the quiet discharge of duty and the enjoyments of domestic life—and while prompt to meet the Indian for, in the prairies or everglade, and to stand by the flag of the country, when advance to a foreign frontier, yet devoted, as all accounts represent him, to that home and family, in the bosom of which the intervals of his life, thus far, have passed peacefully and happily--we confess that our impressions of General Taylor are such that we should not be surprised if he firmly disregarded every acclamation which connected his name with the Presidency. Should he do so, he jeopards nothing of the present spring tide of popular favor—nay, more, he takes instant rank with Washington, as an unconscious but eloquent preacher of the highest political morale. How much more enviable such a destiny for the evening of his days, then to cast the mantle of his military fame and private virtues over the excesses and corruptions which disfigure the party politics of the day. He is no friend to the reputation of General Taylor who would thus seek to restrict the applause of the whole country to the interested clamor of a party.
"Still, as a citizen of a free republic, General Taylor is to the hands of the American people; and we can readily imagine a contingency in which it would become his duty to assent to demand of the country, and assume the responsibilities of political life. But it must be the regulation of the country, not of this or that set of office-seekers, which will call him either front his rank or his fireside. It must be such a call as compelled Washington to forego the retirement of Mount Vernon—unanimous, disinterest, the voice of the people, not the flatteries of politicians. We believe that it is in General Taylor’s power, at this juncture of the national politics, to take independent ground, and become the President of the People. Our support of him, or of any other man, shall never be pledged in advance of a full knowledge of the principles and views with which he would assume that responsible station; but we may be allowed as an independent journal to indicate some of the signs of the times which point to the result just mentioned.
"1. The presidential canvass of 1848 is in utter confusion. Among the Whigs, a Pittsburg meeting nominates Judge McLean, who is also understood to be a general favorite of his party in the North western States; the anti-war spirit of New England and the Western Reserve indicates its preference for Senator Corwin; the Southern and Middle States cherish a fancy for Scott, which only requires a victory at Perote to manifest itself; while, as an undercurrent, deeper and perhaps stronger than all, is the chivalric feeling in behalf of Henry Clay, now intensified by the death of his gallant son, which may yet determine the shape of the conflicting elements. The Democrats are in a condition equally chaotic. In the West, Gen. Cass has many and warm friends; Mr. Calhoun, with his compact and disciplined body guard, stand ready to make his presidential fortune, or mar that of other aspirants in the Democratic ranks; Silas Wright, if the New York reverse had not occurred, would have been prominent in the field, and is still the favorite of many; while quietly in Lindenwald sits the statesman of the party, who will probably never again join the political melee, but might prove more available in a strict party trial than many men whose names are frequently heard in the present connexion. In the general confusion, an apprehension prevails that the election will revert to the House of Representatives-a result greatly to be deplored; and hence the popular impulse, which chooses to adjourn the strifes of parties and the struggles of their leaders, while the country takes breath under the administration of an independent President.
"2. A circumstance that may lead to the election of Gen. Taylor, by a sort of acclamation, is the fact that the pride of the respective parties would thus be saved—neither authorized to claim a triumph, and neither suffering the ignominy of defeat. A long intimacy between Mr. Clay and Gen. Taylor reconciles the Whigs to the political orthodoxy of the latter, although Gen. Taylor is said not to have voted for many years; while Mr. Polk, who is, and has bee, as we are authoritatively informed, entirely free from any intention or wish for a second term of service, may still be gratified to yield his seat to the successful General of the Mexican war—closely identified as that war is with the success of his administration.
"3. The above considerations are subordinate, however, to the principles which are involved in ever presidential canvass. The country has been divided for fifteen years upon most exciting topics; and if General Taylor, immediately upon his inauguration as President, was constrained to adopt either extreme, the consequences might be fatal to the success of his administration. It so happens, however, that the results of Mexican hostilities will remove many of those points of collision—at least for a few years. A debt of one hundred millions induces the necessity of a tariff, sufficiently advanced in its rates to satisfy New England and Pennsylvania, and at the same time will prevent any distribution of proceeds of the public lands. We cannot suppose that the Whigs will again urge a Bank of the United States, and Congress will insist upon a fair trial of the Independent treasury, removing some of these impractical restrictions which have embarrassed the fiscal action of the government, and are an annoyance to individuals. So far, therefore, as the past contests of the respective parties are concerned, and administration composed of the leading minds of all parties, and supported by the whole people, is not only practicable, but may redound to the highest interest of the whole country.
"Only on one condition, however. The Executive must no longer insist upon legislative influence. There are questions approaching, which the people must be allowed to settle in their own way, without the interference of Executive patronage or prerogative. The old political issues may be postponed under the pressure of circumstances, and as for the new—those coming events which cast their shadows before—let it be understood; that the only path of safety for those who may hereafter till the Presidential office, is to rest in discharge of Executive, functions, and let the legislative will of the people find utterance and enactment. The American people are about to assume the responsibility of framing the institutions of the Pacific States. We have no fears for the issue, if the arena of the high debate is the assemblies of the people and their representative halls. The extension over the continent beyond the Rio Grande of the ordinance of 1787, is an object too high and permanent to be bageled by Presidential vetoes. All that we ask of the incumbent of the highest under the Constitution, it us hold his hand, to bow to the will of the people, as promulgated in legislative forms, and restrain the Executive action in its appropriate channels. Give us an honest administration of the Government, and an end to all cabals of a cabinet—all interference from the White House—designed to sway or thwart the action of the American people. If such simplicity and integrity should guide the administration of General Taylor, the North and West would yield to it a warm support and hearty approval.
"We have said all on this subject which the present developments of public opinion require. As other scenes unfold, we shall seek to chronicle them with fair and independent comment. Meanwhile we hide the movement of the waters, holding our columns and our ballot to be disposed of, according to our sense of duty, as emergencies of this and all other questions arise. "
It will be seen (says the Union) that Gen. Taylor prefers to wait until the close of the war, when his services in the field will be no longer needed, before giving publicity to his own "personal views" on the political questions of the day. The reasons which he assigns for this delay on his part, are both palpable and cogent; and his conclusion on the subject cannot but be regarded as a pointed rebuke of those Federal office seekers who have sought to thrust him, prematurely and in the midst of his important military duties, before the people as a party candidate—and that, too, not only without any avowal of his political opinion, but, in fact, in deprecation of any such avowal. Under such circumstances, it is, moreover, quite manifest that any commitment, at this time, on the part of an section of the Democratic party in favor of the election of Gen. Taylor, is not only unsafe and ill judged in itself, but is, at the same time, as we may presume from his language, at variance with the wishes of Gen’l Taylor himself. We are glad to perceive, also, from General Taylor’s expressions upon this subject, that he fully recognizes the necessity of an avowal of his "personal views" in reference to the great questions of the day, before becoming a candidate for the suffrages of the people, though he considers that the time for such an avowal has not yet arrived. In this conclusion every man—and especially every Democrat, who acts upon principle, in his political course and preferences—must concur. Of course, therefore, such men will wait until such an avowal of his opinions has been made by Gen. Taylor, and has received their approval, before making up their minds to give him their support as a candidate for the President. Especially is such delay proper, in view of the strong party demonstrations in favor of Gen. Taylor, which have been made by some of the hangers on of the federal party, evidently from the most selfish and sordid motives. In addition to this, it must be remembered that Gen. Taylor is still a military chieftain at the head of his army on the battle field. The country will feel deeply the hazard involved in the precedent of selecting a man so circumstanced to fill the highest civil office in our republic; and this objection can be removed, if at all, certainly only be the most full and frank disclosure of his political opinions, and by the most ample popular approval of them. We have no hesitation in believing that this distinguished general will, with all the frankness of a soldier, express his opinions freely before the election. Certain it is that a free and enlightened people owe it to themselves to form no definite opinion about supporting him, until they have ascertained his own opinions in relation to the great fundamental principles of the government. Gen. Taylor’s explicit declaration, that he can "in no case permit himself to be the candidate of any party, or yield himself to party schemes, " will attract the attention of the country. Doubtless it will cool the ardor of those office seeking politicians who have heretofore put themselves forward to support him, in furtherance of their own selfish purposes. Nor will the people, we think, hear from a man who may be a candidate for the Presidency so strong a disclaimer of all party connection, without serious consideration. The country is divided into two great parties, whose origin is coeval with the constitution itself, and whose differences of opinion are based upon opposite constructions of that instrument, and opposite views of the proper functions and rightful sphere of our federal government. The party plants itself upon a strict construction of the Constitution, and seeks to restrict the action of the government to the exercise of its specified power and of such other incidental power only as may be necessary to carry those specified powers into effect. The other party adopts a latitudinarian construction of the Constitution, and, under the pretence of implied powers, would plunge the general government into vast schemes of internal improvement, conflicting with State jurisdiction—would give us a high tariff for protection, a bank to concentrate the money power of the country, and a scheme for the distribution among the States of the proceeds of the public lands. Between two such parties and their principles, can there be entire harmony and cooperation in the administration of the government? Is the fusion of two such parties, under any administration, practical? On the contrary, must not any man who presents himself before the people as a candidate for the highest office in their gilt, make his election between these two opposing political platforms?
We will not analyze all the positions taken by the editor of the "Morning Signal" of Cincinnati, in April last. All of them are strongly and powerfully stated. Some of them may be correctly assumed, though we must express our fears that, in the Federal school, none of the great parts of their system can be considered as "obsolete. " Give them the power again, and we may look out for the resurrection of a National Bank and a high Protective Tariff. We pass over these matters, however, for the present. But there is one position of the "Signal" against which we must protest. The article to which Gen. Taylor has replied, alludes to the exercise of the veto power by the Executive, and protests against such "legislative influence" in the Chief Magistrate. We cannot take it positively for granted that Gen. Taylor adopts this bold declaration of the "Signal, " tho’ he would appear to approve, in a high degree, "the sentiments and views embraced" in this editorial of the "Signal. "
Let in not be forgotten that this veto power—this same "legislative influence" in the Executive—is a part, and an important part of our Constitution—necessary, indeed, to the symmetry and perfection of that instrument as an organization
of the public authority of the public authority in to different departments
of government. It is the constitutional duty of the President to veto a law
which he deems a violation of the Constitution, or is in itself a flagrant
act of inequality and injustice. The people are not yet prepared to surrender
this feature which they have incorporated into their government. Certainly
it preservation is not less important now than in time past. We do not believe
that the people can with safety, or that they will, elevate to the presidency
any man who is pledged or committed in any way, directly or indirectly, against the exercise, on a fitting occasion, of this branch of their delegated
authority. We certainly will not believe that General Taylor is prepared
to strike out this important part of the Executive power—thus, in fact, changing
the Constitution of his country—until we have an explicitly avowal of the
sentiment from his own pen.
[MSM]
REv44i19p3c3 July 5, 1847 Defence of the City of Mexico
On the 1st of June, all the natives of the U.States were ordered
to leave the City of Mexico, for the States of Jalisco or Morelia, or they would be dealt with according to the law of nations. Troops are concentrating
from the adjoining States for the protection of the city. A defence, or at
least a show of defence, is certainly to be made. We are still without advices
of Gen. Scott’s march upon the city of Mexico.
[MSM]
REv44i19p4c1 July 5, 1847 Treasures of Mexico
W.J. Day, an American prisoner in Mexico, describes, in a letter
in the Louisville Democrat, some of the curiosities in the Mexican
metropolis. Among them he refers to the bronze statue of Charles the
Fifth; it is solid brass and weighs 30 tons. The horse is ten feet
high and made in perfect proportion and symmetry. Chasis about eleven feet
in altitude and represents well the character of the original. It is the
work of an Indian artist, and is valued at $1, 500, 000 which was offered for
it by a Museum in London and declined by the Mexican authorities. The Cathedral
is more magnificent than description can represent it. The architecture and
the paintings are all the artist could make them. The Palace and Grand Square, or Plaza, are great works. The Indian Calendar is a huge old rock, bearing
on its face rude symbols or inscriptions of events, before and after the
conquest by Cortez. On this rock the poor superstitious Indians sacrificed
their victims to appease their gods; when dangers impended, and periodically, according to the rites of their church. The old church built by Cortez, the
first church of the Catholics in Mexico, still stands, venerable and time
worn, and looks like a relic of olden times.
[MSM]
REv44i19p4c2 July 5, 1847 Important from Mexico
(From the Picayune); Gen. Scott’s Departure from Puebla- No Negotiations for peace—Withdrawal of Troops from Jalapa—Gen Pillow’s Departure from Vera Cruz—Santa Ann still President—Almonds in Prison-Confusion of Parties in Mexico—Cabinet Changes—Intercepted dispatches, &c.
The steamship Palmetto, Capt. Smith, arrived last evening from Vera Cruz, having sailed thence on the 18th inst. She touched at Tampico on the 20th and Brazos Santiago on the 21st inst. Although we are not in possession of letters from Mr. Kendall, we have advise upon which we place every relative to the movements of Gen. Scott.
An express from Puebla, by the route of Cordova, had arrived at Vera Cruz, announcing that Gen. Scott commenced his march upon the city of Mexico on the 16th inst. . We hear not a word more in regard to the overtures for peace said to have been made to Gen. Scott. Then he marched on the 16th we have no doubt. Another express had arrived at Vera Cruz from Jalapa, which announces that all the sick had left there on the 15th inst. for Perote under a small escort. Col. Childs was to leave the following day with all the garrison. Gen. Shields would accompany him. The road between Jalap and Puebla is represented as free from guerrilla parties of any kind. About one thousand troops left Vera Cruz on the 17th inst., under the command of Maj. Gen. Pillow, to join the army of Gen. Scott. The Spanish renegade named La Vega, who lately repaired to Vera Cruz in company with the veracious Col. Mata from this city, is represented to us as already in command of a strong guerrilla party. By the express from Jalapa we have no intelligence from Gen. Cadwalader, as the rider came by a circuitous route to avoid the predatory parties on the road.
By this arrival we have received papers from the city of Mexico on the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th of June. Our previous files came down to the 29 of May. The intermediate dates we have not yet received, and presume they have been forwarded by same sailing vessel. We have only had time to glance hastily at the papers before us, from which we glean the following: Santa Anna still remains in power. His resignation we presume was withdrawn; for it is intimated that a majority of Congress was anxious to accept it. His administration, in consequence of this feeling Congress, has entirely changed its policy and thrown itself into the arms of the puros. One great section of the puros, however, is not conciliated by this movement, the adherents of Gomez Farias and Gen. Aimonie still continue their opposition to the Administration. Senor Rejon, the former friend of Farias, is said to be the main support of Santa Anna’s Administration, although he holds no public office. He is denounced as a man without principle, a truckler, &c.
It is represented that opinions were more divided in the capital than at present. No party seems to have decided upon what course to take. At one time the puros and the moderados appear inclined to unite upon a dissolution of Congress, and leave everything in the hands of Santa Anna, and then again the puros talk of recalling eh absent members of their party, and of having a working majority to carry their measures. In working majority to carry their measures. In the mean time, a quorum of Congress cannot often be collected. If we can give no intelligible account of the designs of parties and the Government, it is because such confusion and anarchy never before existed in the city of Mexico, by the admission of all. A important financial measure of Anaya’s administration has been summarily abrogated by Santa Anna, in deference, as he says to public opinion. This has led to the resignation of Senor Barand, who was not consulted as to the repeal of the measure. Senor Lafragua was then nominated in his place as head of the State Department, but this appointment gave dissatisfaction to the puros, who remonstrated against it. The result in not known. General Almonte was still in prison, nor are we able to learn anything more definite as to the nature of his offence, his trial not having yet come on. The state of Chihuahua voted unanimously for General Santa Anna for President. This is the only addition State, the vote of which is given in the papers before us. The votes were to be opened on the 15th of the present month. Our impression is, that Congress will have to make choice between the two highest candidates, as no one will probably receive a majority of all the votes. On various occasions Congress has displayed great respect for General Herrera, which leads to the opinion that he will be chosen. We find no mention made of the measures taken for the defence of the capital.
The papers say, that General Scott pretended to his troops that they would march into Mexico on the 15th July but that this was a mere boast, in order to keep up the spirits of his men—that he was in no condition to move, lacking reinforcements. Letters from Puebla to the capital, represent Generals Scott and Worth as saying, that if Santa Ann has charge of the defence of the city of Mexico, they will be able to take it with the loss of two or three hundred men only; but that if Bravo or Valencia command, it will cost them more dear. The Republicano derides this gossip, though it sounds very natural to us. The Government is urged by letters from Puebla and its vicinity to fall upon Scott, now he is weak, and crush him. They say he has really but a little over 5000 men, thought he pretends to have 7000. They seem to dread lest Gen.Taylor should proceed to join Gen. Scott.
The propositions which Mr. Trist is authorized to make are said by the Mexicans to be that each Republic shall name three commissioners to discuss the claims of the United States, and that if Mexico will not consent to this, then the war is to be prosecuted.
We find in the Republicano of the 7th instant, along dispatch from the Secretary of War to Gen. Scott, dated the 30th of April. It informs him that by the end of June the President supposes Gen. Scott will have twenty, and Gen. Taylor ten thousand men under their respective command. It asks for the views of Gen. Scott on various questions suggested, and give him directions how to operate with disaffected Mexican States. The Republicano regards this latter portion as very important, but pronounces the Secretary’s representation as to the number of troops to be in the field utterly false. How his letter was intercepted we are not informed.
The Mexicans appear to have intercept a good number of private letters. Several to Col. Childs are particularly referred to. One is from Mrs. Childs and contains much pleasant gossip as to the state of parties in the United States. Other letters of an entirely private nature are commented upon.
The successes of some of the guerrilla parties near Vera Cruz are duly chronicled and commended in the paper. The afternoon of the 6th inst., Santa Anna reviewed at Tealpam the troops from the South of Mexico under Alvarez. This general’s command had not all arrived, but it was expected to reach 8000 men in a few days. Senor Pedro del Castillo has been removed from the command of the regiment of Hidalgo in the National Guard. The act is strongly censured. Gen. J. Gomez de la Cortina has resigned the command of the battalion of Victoria, of which he was colonel. Three hundred troops from Morelia arrived in the capital on the 7th inst. Diligences have been established between these two cities. One of them has already been robbed. The Vice Governor of Oajaca has resigned his office and his resignation has bee accepted.
Gen. Scott appears to preserve perfect discipline among his troops at Puebla. The Mexicans admit this indirectly, though letters are published complaining of our excesses in general terms. The case of a New York volunteer is mentioned, who was tried by a court martial for assaulting a woman with a view of robbing her of a silver crucifix.
The casting of a piece of cannon at Toluca on the 2d inst. is formally mentioned. We have thus glanced at the papers before us, but will recur to them again, and should they contain anything of importance, lay it before our readers.
From Tampico, we learn litter news by this arrival. The only thing which give animation to the town appears to be the false alarms which frequently occur. We are informed by an office of dragoons that he went out with a party on a scout on the 18th inst., and proceeded some forty miles from the city in the direction of Altamira, but saw no armed Mexicans. The country people appeared friendly, and like the rest of the inhabitants of Tamaelipas did not seem ill affected towards our Government.
The Louisiana regiment stationed at Tampico has suffered severely from sickness. Many have died and there are yet men sick—not less than 150, accounts say. Not more than 180 men are reported fit for service, and yet this is the only regiment doing duty. Reinforcements have been expected, but in vain.
(From the New Orleans Delta. ) Lieut. De Groote, of the Dragoons, who arrived on the Palmetto, has been ordered hither to recruit men to fill up his complement. It consist now of only fifty-four men. This is the company with which it is intended to open the road from Tampic to San Luis Potosi.
Notwithstanding the privations to which the troops of Col. Doniphan were subjected in their prolonged march and perilous campaign, they enjoyed excellent health during the whole time. One instance as an illustration:--in Capt. Weightman’s company of light artillery, numbering 120 men, not a man was lost by sickness, nor indeed otherwise, during the twelve months they have been out.
From the Brazos. —The steamer Jas. L. Day, Capt. Wood, started last evening for Brazo St. Jazo. She took down 66 horses and two companies of the 13th infantry, under the command of Lt. Col. Withers. Col. J. M. Withers is from Alabama, our sister State, and he will, we venture to say, do honor to his appointment. He is a gallant gentleman, and thoroughly understand the profession in which he has embarked.
From Vera Cruz. —The steamer Galveston, Captain Haviland, started last evening for Vera Cruz with 110 horses, a number of teamsters and some passengers.
Troops. —The barque Convoy, arrived yesterday from Key West on the 15th inst., off Doble Headed Shot Keys, spoke the barque H. Harbuck, twenty days out from New York, with U.S. troops, bound for Vera Cruz.
The following letter from our attentive Monterey correspondent, received
yesterday, give the latest intelligence from that section: Five companies
of the Virginia Regiment have been ordered to join General Wool—the balance
of the regiment will go up as soon as the Massachusetts Regiment reaches
here. One company of the North Carolina Regiment has moved forward to
Saltillo. The 1st and 2d Regiments of Illinois Volunteers, and the Arkansas Cavalry, will leave here to day for Camargo, where they
will be discharged from the service and paid. Paymasters Dix and Partridge
will go down with them to make the payment. The advance on San Luis will
be deferred for some time, probably until September, in consequence of
the inadequacy of the force at present in this section. I was in Camp this
morning, but could learn no news. All is quiet. The rainy season, I think, has fairly set in. Yours, T.
[MSM]
REv44i19p4c3 July 5, 1847 Capt. Lincoln
The fine milk white charger rode by this gallant office of Buena
Vista, (says the N. Orleans Delta) is now here in charge of
the 2d Kentucky Volunteers, who, with a delicacy and sensibility worthy
of the bright fame of this distinguished regiment, have made arrangements
to send this favorite horse of the lamented deceased to his distinguished
and patriotic father in Boston. We are told that when Capt. Lincoln fell
he was in the rear of the Kentucky Volunteers, of whose gallantry he had
just expressed his desire to be a witness. After delivering an order to the
Illinois regiment, he wheeled his charger, and halting for a moment, cried
out to the 2d Kentuckians, "I must see how these Kentucky boys fight. " The
words had scarcely escaped his lips, when he fell from his horse pierced by
a half-dozen balls. His horse was uninjured, and is a noble a charger as
ever "snuffed the battle, " He was purchased at the sale of Capt. Lincoln’s
effects by that heroic woman, whose sobriquet, "Great Western, " is so familiar
to our readers, and who, with characteristic liberality and magnanimity readily
yielded him to the solicitation of the Kentuckians, who desired to have him
sent to Gov. Lincoln.
[MSM]
REv44i19p4c3 July 5, 1847 The Night After the Battle of Buena Vista
The night of the 23d of February last was one of most intense anxiety to the participator in the bloody fight of Buena Vista. After twelve hours of obstinate fighting, with the final result yet unknown, nothing but water having passed the lips of those gallant men, for the last twelve hours, the flower of their respective corps dead or wounded, and the certainty of a renewal of the onslaught the next day, it is hard to imagine a period more calculated to "try men’s souls" that night. After the cessation of the fight, came the lassitude super induced by the extraordinary excitement of the day; men fell exhausted, and bivousacked in the line—"the weary to rest and the wounded to die. "
—The depression of physical energy was so great, that neither hunger nor danger could incite them: that bloody field was at 8 o’clock as silent as the grave. It can only be surmised what were he feeling of that "great old man" upon contemplating the results of that day’s work. No officer sought repose, and the camp fires, which on other occasions had been the scene of just and merriment, were now still, and deep anxiety depicted on the faces of the various groups of officers, impressed you with a solemnity, a foreboding of ill, that was truly painful. All eyes were turned ever and anon to the tent of one upon whom all their hopes were placed, but not a light, not a movement could be discerned. The occasion made that single tent an object of intense solicitude. Some wondered if he was alone, others would have given their earthly wealth to have known the thoughts, the hopes, the wishes, the intentions of the old hero; but all was dark and silent as the tomb. Capt. L., of the Topographical Engineers, had visited the battle ground at night. He had made some discoveries he thought important to be communicated immediately to the commander-in-chief. On approaching the general’s quarters, he overtook his servant, who had been attending to his master’s cavalry, and inquired if the "old man" was alone and awake. "I spec he fast asleep, Captin, for he eat a monstrous hearty supper, and when he a big supper he sleep berry hard and sound, and I reckon you won’t see de ‘hold hos’ for 4’ o clock in the mornin’. Listen, you hear him snore clean out here. " When the captain made a report of this last reconnaissance, joy and satisfaction were diffused through the camp. They knew that all was safe. R.P.W[MSM]
REv44i19p4c3 July 5, 1847 Sam Houston’s Flying Artillery
The following graphic account of the Texas "Flying Artillery" used at the battle of San Jacinto, we find in an exchange paper. It beats Ringgold’s all hollow:
"Sam Houston’s Flying Artillery used at the battle of San Jacinto, was one four pounder, lashed with a piece of raw hide to the back of a Jackass. When the piece was discharged, it would throw him forward on his face with such force as to detain him in that position until the piece was re-loaded, and as he rose and brought it within range of the Mexicans, the match was applied, away went the animal on his face knees, and away went thunder and flame and death staling balls, and away went the Mexicans, helter skelter. " [MSM]
REv44i19p4c3 July 5, 1847 Military Movements
The Norfolk Beacon of Tuesday says: We understand that the barque
Margaret Hugg will sail from Hampton Roads, today, for the Gulf of Mexico, with Capt. Caldwell’s company of Voltigeurs, and 103 Voltigeur recruits, under command of Lt. Marriot, on board. The following is a list of officers
of Captain Calwell’s company: Jas. H. Calwell, captain, John W. Leigh, 1st
Lieutenant; G.W. Carr, 2d tlo; Isaac Smith, 3d do. Officers of the recruits
from Baltimore—J.C. Marriot, 1st Lieutenant, J.C. Wynder. 2d do.
[MSM]
REv44i19p4c3 July 5, 1847 Colonel Doniphan and Colonel Xenophon
—The New York Post compares Colonel Doniphan’s expedition from
Missouri, through New Mexico to the mouth of the Rio Grande, with the famous
expedition of the five hundred Greeks under the renowned leader of nearly
similar name, Colonel Xenophon. The last has become classic, because it was
told in so charming a manner by Xenophon, and all Doniphan has to do is
to write as perfect a history his expedition to make it be read with admiration
two thousand years hence. The Greeks were led from near Babylon through
Armenia to the Black Sea, and thence to Chrysopolis, three thousand four
hundred and sixty five English miles. It was accomplished in fifteen months, and a large part o it through an unknown, mountainous and hostile country, and in an inclement season, the Greeks losing every thing except their lives
and arms. Doniphan and the Missourians traveled over six thousand miles in
twelve months, neither receiving supplies nor money, but living exclusively
on the country through which they passed, and supplying themselves with powder
and balls by capturing them from the enemy. They fought three battles, in
each of which they were victorious, over greatly superior numbers. These
are the two most remarkable expeditions that have ever occurred.
[MSM]
REv44i20p1c2 July 9, 1847 General Taylor’s Letter
We are glad to perceive that the Baltimore American, Baltimore Patriot, Philadelphia Inquirer, New York Courier, and other leading Whig papers, advocate General Taylor even more earnestly since the appearance of the letter to the Editor of the Signal.
(Richmond Republican) What says that "leading Whig paper, " the National Whig, established at Washington, expressly to sustain the election of General Taylor? It denounces the letter as a "base Locofoco forgery, " "silly twaddle, " &c.
And what says that "leading Whig paper, " the Richmond Times of yesterday? In re-publishing yesterday the celebrated editorial of the Signal, (which the Republican and the Whig have not yet quoted, ) the Times conveys the severest rebuke that we yet seen of the "premature" "no party men. " It says: "we are not surprised that Mr. J.W. Taylor (the Editor of the Signal) should have written to General T., on the contrary, we conjecture, that he is only one of many of those who instead of hoisting General Taylor’s flag at their mast head, have made themselves fat to General Taylor, hoping to be drawn up thus into the grateful confines of papdom.
We are only surprised that he did not answer in the language of the following, which the New York Commercial has well suggested as a more appropriate response from that great commander whom the Taylor ‘Flag-bearers’ are so prone to style ‘Old Rough and Ready. ’
Sir:--I have had the honor to receive your letter and the paper sent with it; and will read both, some time or other, when the war is over, and I am quite at leisure. I have the honor, &c., &c. "it is to the indiscretion of the "premature" portion of the press, which have by embarrassing General Taylor brought him apparently to repel the Whig party, that we desired to direct attention. The tack which they now pursue, is to repudiate party—as if parties were not necessary in a free government, and inseparable from the exercise of a freedom of opinion among a free people. Some of these very anti-party men, too, are those who in times past, have been intolerant partisans. But break up parties separated by difference as to principles, and what must succeed? Parties fighting for place and patronage. "
We ask the Republican’s attention to the following graphic sketch by the Washington correspondent of the Pennsylvanian: "If a bomb shell had been thrown amongst our Federal neighbors, more consternation, could not have been manifested, than was seen after the publication of Gen. Taylor’s last letter. No. 6, of the Thompsonian system of medicine, celebrated for its teaming and sweating process, would be but child’s play compared with the effect this letter has upon our Federal opponents. They wriggle like an eel upon a sharp hook while undergoing the hiding process. Man of them begin to think "old Tough and Ready" is not the kind of a man they took him for. The ghost of Tylerism stares them in the face, and no wonder they exhibit so much perturbation. The last paragraph has created a nausea which renders even a hasty plat of soup unpalatable. Poor, deluded victims of Federal folly and madness! The cup of their sorrows, vexations, and disappointments, is almost full. The future, to them, is as dark and hopeless, as the past and the present. A momentary transport is quickly followed by a depression, as mournful to witness, as it is agonizing to endure. Whither to flee they know not—where to find succor from their perils is an interrogation often put but never answered. They dig a pit and fall therein: set a snare and are first caught therein. In attempting to hood-wink others, they have been awfully bamboozled themselves. ":The biter’s bit, " and their fat is in the fire. Poor fellows! Misfortunes and disasters are their inheritance. " [MSM]
REv44i20p1c3 July 9, 1847 Gen. Taylor Superceded
When our eyes met this startling announcement in Saturday’s Petersburg Intelligencer, we could not imagine what new "gorgon and chimaera dire" the Whigs had been able to evoke. For a moment we supposed that it was to record the fact of Gen. T. being "superceded" as the Whig Presidential candidate by the article in the Times. On looking into the body of the piece, however, we found that it was his military and not his civil command which was referred to.
We shall let the N.O.National which first started this ridiculous story, tell it in its own language: "We have what we conceive to be undoubted authority for stating that Gen. Taylor has been superceded in his command. An express passed through Matamoras some few weeks since, with the credit of bearing such news to Gen. Taylor; in due course of time, the rumor comes from Monterey that such is the fact, and that Gen. Taylor is hereafter, as a subordinate, to report to Gen. Scott, and through him to the War Department at Washington. This last account of an unhappy administration will seal its fate with the American people. Its conduct towards Gen. Taylor from the commencement of actual hostilities, has been characterized by neglect, and not an opportunity has been permitted to pass, that could be taken advantage of, to annoy and harass him. The intention has been to force Gen. Taylor into some act of indiscretion that would render him unpopular before the people, and compel him to resign.
"So far, the enemies of the old hero have been disappointed in their expectations, as they will ever be, but Mr. Polk has lost his judgment, and pursued precisely the course of conduct he should to elevate the man he wished to destroy. We cannot imagine a more total ignorance of the feelings that govern the people of this country, than has been shown in the treatment Gen. Taylor has received from the administration. "
This silly humbug is generally copied into the Whig papers, with a swelling torrent of affected indignation. To overturn this last effort of Whiggery to make political capital, we shall draw our ammunition from a Whig source. The N. York Commercial Advertiser, not perceiving the outrage committed by the Administration, thus cavalierly rebukes the extravaganza of its Whig associates: ‘The National appends a considerable quantity of indignation, but we, possibly in our ignorance, do not see what call there is for it. It is the usual practice, we believe, in foreign war, to entrust the chief command to some one officer; and it seems to us a wise arrangement that all the movements in the invaded territory shall be under the control of a single mind. Two distinct commands, with commander acting independently of each other, might be attended with embarrassments and even disaster.
"This being the case, the making Gen. Taylor subordinate to Gen. Scott is surely more appropriate than would be the opposite arrangement—Gen. Scott being the senior officer of the grade would not make him the subordinate of his junior would be an insult and a wrong, but there is neither wrong nor insult in requesting Gen. Taylor to receive orders from his senior, Gen. Scott. "But as we have said, these are only our ideas and may be all wrong. We have no military knowledge or experience. " [MSM]
REv44i20p1c2 July 9, 1847 Gen. Taylor’s Rebuke of the Anti-War Whigs
Text. "We are opposed to the War, as unconstitutional—(N.Y.Express. )
Comment. —"No one can support me who opposes the war—he’s worse than a Mexican. "—(Gen. Taylor. )
Thus it is, (says the N.Y.Globe, ) that "these Whig demagogues get snubbed on all sides, for their impertinent assurance in claiming to be in favor of Gen. Taylor, the hero of the war, while they are denouncing the war itself as wicked and unconstitutional. But there are no tricks that the Whigs will not resort to—no principles that they will not sacrifice—no inconsistency too glaring for them to adopt—if they fancy that thereby they can succeed in getting into power and place. "
In connexion with the above we quote a significant remark made to the editor of the Cincinnati Enquirer by a "brave and discriminating officer, " who is direct from the seat of war: "’Sir, ’ said he, ‘tell the presses and politicians who are denouncing the war and the cause of the country, that if they are so fixed in their opinions that they cannot abandon them, they had better at once take up arms and go into the ranks of the enemy. They will do the country less injury by that course, than by continuing in their present position. "
This observation, enforced by the facts within the knowledge of the speaker, is another proof that the factious, mischievous course of the Whig press and politicians in assailing the justice of the war and the conduct of their own Government, and thereby virtually encouraging the public enemy to persevere in their mad resistance to negotiation. The great body of the people of both nations, says the Cincinnati Enquirer, "desire peace, and it would long since have been accomplished, had not the military leaders in Mexico based their hopes upon our discussions, and actually found, not only sympathy, but encouragement, from the leaders of a great political party among us. The men, who control the affairs of Mexico have long since found that they could not successfully contend with our troops in the field;--but they have seen that army, whilst covering itself with honors abroad, most bitterly denounced at home;--and at the same time the leaders of a great political party pledging themselves, upon their accession to power, to recall that army, or to cut off its supplies, and thereby compel an abandonment of the war. Not only have our troops been compelled to submit to this denunciation from home politicians, but, as our friend says, to be taunted with it in Mexico; to hear this state of things openly assigned as a reason why offers for negotiation have been, and will continue to be reject, --why the war has been changed from the open field to the guerrilla system, --that being the only means left by which the struggle can be procrastinated, --our troops harassed, and cut to pieces, --and hostilities kept alive, until a political revolution in this country shall enable Mexico to ‘Dictate a Peace. ’ The remark of our friend coveys the sentiments of the great mass of our troops who are returning from the field, where they have felt and experienced these things. With the, we say to the Federal leaders, go over at once to the enemy, --shoulder your muskets, and step into their ranks, ’—and our army will not be long in conquering a peace with Mexico and her allies combined. " [MSM]
REv44i20p2c2 July 9, 1847 Affairs in Mexico
The Mexican nation is made up of such strange elements, moved by such contradictory influences, that we have long since ceased to speculate upon the probable issue of events at an early date. Certain it is, that the aspect of affairs is much less pacific than we had recently been led to expect. All accounts now seem to agree that General Scott will have one more grand battle at least, before he enters the Mexican Capital. How it will eventuate, we have no fears. We look with distrust upon the crowded rumors of great military preparations on the part of Mexico. Admitting them all to be true, we have too much confidence in Scott and his noble army to feel apprehension for the result. Santa Anna, when in the supreme command of the army, exhibited no great generalship or even physical courage. Why now, invested though he be with the gorgeous robes of Dictator, and pledged to reject all negotiations of peace, should he be more dreaded? Upon this point, we ask attention to the following interesting article from the New Orleans Delta, our readers can judge for themselves the condition of things. We may certainly look for exciting intelligence in a few days: We do not share the apprehensions of those of our contemporaries, who think Gen. Scott’s position a very perilous and embarrassed one. We have passed through severer crisises, heaped higher barriers, and escaped more dangerous precipices, than those which lie in the path of our army from Puebla to the city of Mexico.
When several of our papers, last winter, were filled with the most gloomy forebodings, and the most utter despair, on account of Santa Anna’s advance, with a large army, against Gen. Taylor’s little Spartan band, and our conquests on the Rio Grande were given up as lost, we held firmly and confidently to the hope and belief that American courage would prove superior to the crisis. And are we now to be frightened at such old women’s stories as those detailed, respecting the ardor and enthusiasm of a people who, with a population of 200, 000, are compelled to send do off hundreds of miles for naked Indians, to fight their battles? And, forsooth, they are casting cannon and making balls—they are throwing up entrenchments and digging ditches—but what of all that? These preparations will give spice and incentive to the valor of our men.
Mexican prowess is no more to be dreaded in the defence of the Capital, than it was on the field of Buena Vista, and on the heights of Cerro Gordo. Indeed, the men who fought those battles, were far better material than those which can be rallied in their effeminate Capital. They fought, too, under the most favorable circumstances—in the one case with greatly superior numbers, and in the other with great advantages of position. But now they have to defend a city which lies on a level and exposed plateau—a city embracing a large area –and which could not be successfully defended with less than two hundred cannon. Where are the cannon? We hear of the melting of church bells into cannon, but we believe this is all Mexican gasconade. If the Church has made this sacrifice—in Mexico a very serious one—it is certainly the first they have made for this war. But if the cannon are there, where are the soldiers to man them? Where are their artillerists—their experienced officers? They are nearly all exiled from the Capital, or under arrest. The patriotic and honest Bravo has been sent northward; the chivalrous and able Almonte is in prison; the cunning and capable Ampudia has been sent, under guard, to Cuernavaca; Pinzon is on parole. Lembarinin is nursing his wounds and his ire against Santa Anna, at San Luis Potosi; Minon moves within prison bounds; Valencia lives in quiet at his hacienda, cultivating the arts of peace; Canalizo satisfies his valor by writing magnanimous and high-swelling letters and orders. Nearly all the prominent military men of Mexico. They have lost all confidence in the generalship of Santa Anna. He was never considered by the professional soldiers of the county, as a very capable officer in the field. His late operations have given such strong confirmation to these opinions, that they openly and publicly declare their contempt for his military qualifications. Reduced to a few inexperienced officers, and a rabble army of militia and wild Indians, he expects to prevent the entrance of Gen. Scott into the Capital; and some of our own people think that there is ground for apprehension and fear on account of our army, in marching against a city thus defended. Never were fears more baseless. Scott will leave Puebla with 12, 000 of the best troops that ever went forth to battle; he will have veteran, experienced officers, complete and effective artillery, abundant supplies, and, what is more than all, he will have men "in whose vocabulary there is no such word as fail. "
The Mexicans will, no doubt, make a stand before they yield up their
Capital, but it will be a weak one. Their dreaded Pintos, with their wild
looks, long knives and bows and arrows, will carry no terror to the souls
of our men. Their barbarous arms and warfare will prove of little avail
against the big guns of our artillery, the long bayonets of our infantry, and the resistless charges of our cavalry. Gen. Scott will enter their
Capital with less difficulty than Cortes experienced three hundred years
ago.
[MSM]
REv44i20p2c6 July 9, 1847 Important from Mexico
(From N. O.Picayune)
The schooner Iona, Capt. Stevens, arrived yesterday morning from Vera Cruz, and in a few hours afterwards the steamship New Orleans, Capt. Auld, came in. The latter left Vera Cruz on the 25th inst., and brings us letters of the 25th and papers of the 24th. One hundred and fifty six discharged soldiers and teamsters came over on the New Orleans. Our dates from the army of Gen. Scott, at Puebla, are to the 14th inst. The immediate advance of our army upon the city of Mexico had been postponed until the arrival of reinforcements. The rumor which has been so generally circulated through the city that he had arrived within twenty-five miles of the city of Mexico, is without foundation. A rumor reached Vera Cruz on the night of the 24th inst. that Gen. Cadwallader’s command had fallen in with a guerrilla party a few miles beyond Jalapa, and by a movement unperceived by the guerilleros, succeeded in surprising them and killing about thirty of them, without losing a man.
Other letters have been received in town as to this affair of Gen. Cadwallader, which represents it to have occurred near La Hoya, about eleven miles beyond Jalapa. The surprise of the Mexicans was complete, and one letter says that fifty of them were killed. Gen. C. suffered no loss, all agree.
By another letter, dated the 24th inst., from our Vera Cruz correspondent, we learn that the train which went up under command of General Pillow was attacked at Calera, said to be nine miles beyond the Puente Nacional. The guerilleros were dispersed with the loss of thirty men. Verbal accounts say we had some eight or ten wounded, but none killed.
The force under the command of Gen. Pillow left Vera Cruz on the 18th, escorting a train of about 125 wagons. The force amounted to nearly 1, 800 men, and consisted of the 14th infantry, and a portion of the 15th, three companies of the 3d and 6th Infantry, six companies of the Voltigeurs, a detachment of the 3d dragoons and six howitzers. That such a train would meet with serious resistance from guerrilla parties was not to be expected. ; but we regret that our accounts induce the belief that it suffered excessively in the first and second day’s march from the heat of the weather. The march on the second day is represented as having been particularly severe, the time chosen for it being during the heat of the day, through heavy sand and when eleven miles were to be made without water. There are a great many guerrilla parties upon the road, a small body of our troops left San Juan on the 21st hoping the overtake Gen. Pillow, but after proceeding two or three miles they encountered some guerilleros. These they charge upon and dispersed, but they saw so many others on the road in small parties that it was thought prudent to relinquish the design of coming up with Gen. Pillow.
We regret to learn by this arrival of the death of Mr. Thos. G. Banks. He died at Vera Cruz of the vomito. Mr. Banks was connected, we believe, with the Quartermaster’s department.
The course pursued by Capt. Walker towards those desperadoes who fell into his hands is said to have been highly approved by Gen. Scott. We have been asked if Gen. Cadwalader adopted Walker’s plan and shot those who fell into his hands. The Eagle says that an enterprise is on foot for running an express between Vera Cruz and the towns of Alavarado and Tiacataipan. The execution of such a plan would greatly facilitate the commerce of Vera Cruz. Capt. Duperu’s company of dragoons have at last received horses and they paraded though the streets of Vera Cruz on the 23d inst.
The news by this arrival from the city of Mexico is important. We have
received our accounts of it though an express dispatched by Mr. Kendall
from Puebla expressly for this office. His letters come down to the 14th
June, being the latest from the interior of Mexico.
[MSM]
REv44i20p3c3 July 9, 1847 British Mediation in the Mexican War
In the House of Commons on the 11th of June, in reply to a
question from Dr. Bowring, Lord Palmerston said that an offer of mediation
on the part of Great Britain between Mexico and the United States had
been made by the former as well as the present Government, but that as yet
it had not been accepted by either of the belligerents.
[MSM]
REv44i20p3c1 July 9, 1847 Later from the Army of Gen. Taylor
The steamship James L. Day, Captain Wood, arrived last evening (says the N.O.Picayune, ) from Brazos Santiago, whence she sailed on the 8th ult.
By this arrival we have our correspondence to the 16th June from Monterey, but the news is of so great importance. Nothing has occurred to change the disposition of Gen. Taylor’s forces in any material point, and there is no hope of an advance upon San Luis. Capt. Bankhead, commanding a company in the Virginia Regiment, arrived at Monterey on the 14th ult. from China. He reported that after the departure of the main body of the battalion for Monterey, he dispatched a Mexican for Camargo with a communication for Col. Relknap. A few days after he learned that the messenger had been captured by a body of armed Mexicans near Pazo Zacata and sentenced to be shot. News had reached Monterey from China, of the death of Lieut. Mahan, who was hot in the recent duel with Lieut. Munford—both of the Virginia regiment. Three companies of Texas Rangers had recently come in to Monterey after having been out scouring the roads in the direction of Camargo. They failed to fall in with Urrea or any of his men, although rumor frequently had him in thinks he is still the other side of the mountains. The rangers captured one or two "robbers, " and it is said, shot one of them. Upon their return they were at once ordered up to Saltillo.
The Mexicans are said to be organizing small guerrilla parties, and the roads are somewhat beset with robbers, but we do not learn of any harm done by them. A train from below arrived at Monterey on the 15th, escorted by several companies of the North Carolina regiment. The health of the troops at Monterey was improving, and only one man had recently died. He was attached to the Virginia Regiment.
The Mexicans are beginning to return to their residences in Monterey
in considerable numbers. A man named James Mays, a Virginian by birth, but a long resident of Texas, was shot recently at Monterey by
the guard, while attempting to escape from the guard house. A Texan
Ranger had also been shot on the plaza by a fellow soldier and died. Not
withstanding these untoward events, Monterey is now much more quiet
than it had been. The troops are under severe discipline and reserve
admirable order. The Massachusetts regiment had not reached Monterey at last
accounts, but a rumor had been received that it was ordered to Vera Cruz. The rumor was probably unfounded, but it would excite no surprise were
it true.
[MSM]
REv44i20p3c2 July 9, 1847 Marine Journal
Arrived.
Schr. Sarah Elizabeth, Jones, Baltimore, lumber.
Schr. Joseph Jumble, Travis, Baltimore.
Sailed,
Schr. Ann E. Cake, Leeds, Philadelphia.
Schr. Hope, Ricketts, Middletown, Connecticut.
Port Walthall, July 7.
Cleared,
schr. F.J. Brockton, coal, for Providence,
schr. S.B. Ashmate, coal, for New York;
schr. Avenger, coal, for Philadelphia;
schr. Pampero, coal, for Providence.
[MSM]
REv44i20p3c6 July 9, 1847 Notice to Volunteers
Adjutant General’s Office. Richmond, June 23, 1847.
Parties enrolled in different places, and individuals who have signified
their wish to volunteer, are requested to join the rendezvous at Richmond, without delay. Quarters and subsistence will be provided. Part of a company
has been received, and is now under a course of military instruction, in
quarters. June 22 Wm. H. Richardson, Adjutant.
[MSM]
REv44i20p4c1 July 9, 1847 Important from Mexico
(From the N.O.Commercial Times)
The steamer New Orleans has just arrived from Vera Cruz. We hasten to transmit a portion of our correspondence from Mexico, by this morning’s mail.
Correspondence of the Commercial Time.
Vera Cruz, June 24, 1847.
Gentlemen—you will gather a fair notion of the dating and audacity of the guerrillas, from their repeated atrocities under the walls of this city. Within the past thirty-six hours, another man has been hanged by them almost within gun shot of our batteries. The victim was one of the most active police officers, a Dane, named Miller—lie and a Frenchman were out riding, when they were "lassoed" and carried into the woods. The Frenchman was released, but Miller is said to have been put to death as stated. Parties were out most of the day and night of yesterday, in search of the perpetrators of the outrage, and seven Mexicans were seized on the roads and bought in. Five of these proved to be gentlemen bound to Medelin, but the others are suspicious characters, and the Governor has imprisoned them to await further examination. —One of them was taken on the horse which Miller was riding when attacked. We are yet without authentic intelligence from Mexico of a later date than the 12th inst., and nothing of especial interest up to that time.
There seems to be no doubt of Santa Anna’s intention to make a stand against Gen. Scott at some point between Puebla and the Capitol; and our next arrival from our little army may tell us another Cerro Gordo affair. Of the result, of course, I can entertain no apprehension even in the event of Alvarez’ arrival and participation. —I believe the suspicions long entertained of British vessels supplying arms and ammunition to the Pacific ports, are not entirely unfounded. I am assured that considerable quantities of both have come in from Acapulco, and I have to ask why that port is not now occupied by our forces, naval or military? Or, if it be so occupied, how these things have been permitted to enter.
I suppose the cause lies in the meager force of men-of-war in that sea, a matter which requires remedy. The movement of sending the marines out here is a good one, unless as some think, their destination has connection with that Quixotic expedition to the interior, of which I spoke some time since. The Marine Corps is one of the finest bodies of troops in the world, or, it was so, some eight or ten years ago, and I suppose it has not fallen off since that time, badly as it has always been treated by Congress. Give it a chance in Mexico, and I will warrant a good accountant to be rendered.
The murderers of Miller are now supposed not to belong to the regular guerrillas but to be private enemies, which he has made in this city by his harsh treatment of the people, who occasionally came under his charge. He hated a Mexican from his soul, and sometimes treated the poor wretches, who committed trivial offences, shamefully. Some of the worst of these have taken the occasion of a professional visit to Madelin to waylay him on his return, and revenge themselves in this manner. One larger negro, well known in the city, is supposed to be the chief of the party. I presume most of those concerned are by this time regular members of the guerrilla band. It is yet, however, not absolutely certain that the man has been murdered.
The vomito is yet picking out poor fellows off, one or two at a time, in the city. Colonel Banks, well known in New Orleans and here as one of the finest fellows and enterprising men in the country, is one of the last victims of which I am informed. He died yesterday morning after 48 hours’ illness. The disease cannot be said to be raging, nor do I think it is nearly so fatal in its operation as it has been in other years; but it is really a serious matter, and it is impossible to feel any degree of comfort in its neighborhood.
Business is still, of course, at a stand. Another vessel, the Spanish brig Amistad Campeacheana, has arrived with a cargo of the goodsstored in Havana, nearly the last, I think, of that stock. A vessel was expected soon from Campeachy, where one cargo was stored during the blockade, and that I fancy will pretty much close the foreign trade with Vera Cruz, from some months at least. I am informed that the head of one firm, and one of the very first in the city, has replied to a demand for duties, from the Collector, that he has no money and cannot pay. His thirty days are out, and it remains to be seen what will be the result. His goods will not be sold, as nobody can buy them, for the same reason that prevents the payment of his duties. The brig Petersburg, from New York, is now here discharging a small, but rather valuable cargo—chiefly silks and drugs to owners, Hargrows & Co.
June 25. —We received letters from Mexico last night, as late as the 15th, but they do not satisfy me on the subject, of the greatest interest—the election. One of them declares that Santa Anna has been chosen, with extraordinary powers, to use in the prosecution of the war, but is expressly forbidden to enter into negotiations for peace. It is also said that there are twenty thousand troops in the city of Mexico, and reinforcements are constantly arriving. Alvarez’ force is now augmented (by report) to eight thousand, well armed and equipped. Taking everything into consideration, I have no doubt that a bloody battle will precede Gen. Scott’s entry into the capitol.
Gen. Scott had not left Puebla of the 16th instant, that is certain. He is waiting for reinforcements from the eastward. Gen. Cadwalader left Jalapa on the 19th to join him, with some two thousand troops under his command. I think the army will move forward as soon as it receives this reinforcement, and the money and supplies which accompany it—the same which found so difficult a road to Jalapa. Alvarez is said to have taken his station with six thousand of his Sonora troops, between Puebla and Jalapa, for the purpose of cutting off Cadwalader’s train, and would probably be reinforced.
The editor of El Arco Iris says he has information that the election did not come off at the time appointed, but is postponed until the 21st of September. He says the general impression is, that Herrera will be elected, and that negotiations for peace will immediately follow his installation. If his paper comes out before the New Orleans starts, I will send it to you.
Our dragoons have had quite a brush with the guerrillas near Perote. Three hundred of them encountered four hundred guerrillas in a ravine, and routed them, the Mexicans losing some thirty killed. Our fellows were guided by the Alcalde of Perote. Senor Atocha is here cruising about the streets with no apparent mission, or business of any kind. He is most cordially hated by the Mexicans, and, I believe, disliked by everyone in Vera Cruz, who knows anything of him. The New Orleans will soon be off, and I must close.
Yours, very respectfully,
Indicator.
[MSM]
REv44i20p4c1 July 9, 1847 Later from Mexico
(From the N.O.Delta)
The Mexican Generals—the defense of the capitol—guerrillas—the American Army—Santa Anna—withdrawal of his resignation—the Clergy.
We have received our Mexican papers from the 30th of May to the 5th of June, inclusive. They contain little of moment, but as almost everything from that country is at present read with interest, we shall give a brief synopsis of their contents.
The Mexican Generals. —General Arista was apprehended on the evening of the 29th of May, and was immediately sent, under escort, towards Acapulco. The reason for this arrest is unknown. General Almonte was still in prison, and had been removed from St. Jago Tialteloco to the city of Guadalupe. He was at first accused of conspiring against the person of Santa Anna, and afterwards accused, in some of the public journals of treason—but a correspondent of the Republicano suggests that the sole motive for his imprisonment is, that he is too great a friend in his country to suit the purposes of those in power. General Ampudia having refused to proceed to Cuernavaca, as ordered, was sent thither under escort.
The defense of the capitol. —On the 1st of June, all the natives of the United States were ordered to leave the capitol city of Mexico, for the States of Jalisco or Morelia, or they would be dealt with according to the law of nations. Generals Gutierez, Goana, Martinez, and Palamino are entrusted with the command of the lines of defense of the city. Bodies of the National Guard are said to be on their way, and constantly arriving for the adjoining States, and it is believed that from seventeen to twenty thousand troops will be concentrated for the protection of the city.
Guerrillas. —Accounts are published, from all quarters of the formation of guerrilla bands; but little is said of their performances, and we are lead to suspect that the records of the newspapers are rather an evidence of what the editors hope than of what their countrymen do. In San Luis Potosi they have published a sort of guerrilla code, providing for the raising of the forces and their operations—all deserters from the army, fugitives from justice, convicts or offenders not capital, and vagabonds, and criminals un-apprehended, of all kinds, are invited to join and make war, as to them may seem good, against the invaders, capturing property, taking prisoners, or killing, as "circumstances may require, " all who come in their way. The only well authenticated feat of guerrilla prowess, published in the papers before us, is the attack on Col. Sour, which is thus described in a letter from Orizava: "They write me from Hustusco that a guerrilla assaulted the diligence from Vera Cruz, coming to Jalapa, with nine Americans, whom, having put to the knife, they relieved of some interesting communications, which were sent to the government. " There it, it is true, another story of the guerrillas under Jarauta having, on the 30th of May, captured 80 wagons, 80 horses, and killed 200 hundred Yankees, between Vera Cruz and Antigua, but this we suppose to be the Mexican history of the attack on Col. McIntosh.
The American Army. —The Mexicans have "certain information" that Gen. Scott cannot expect reinforcements to a greater extent than 2000 men, and money to the amount of $200, 000, and "nothing more;" they therefore think it doubtful whether he will march to the Capital, and talk loudly in that city of marching out to meet him. "There are but 6, 000 men, " say they, "from Vera Cruz to Puebla, who lord it over a population of a million of inhabitants which the two States contain. It can be believed only because it is seen. " Among the intercepted dispatches was a letter from Col. Hunt to Capt. Hetzold, from which the enemy draws great consolation. The Colonel gives the Capt. Some information relative to the moneys in his hands, from which it appears that our worthy Quartermaster was under a temporary embarrassment; this is construed by the enlightened editors of Mexico, into an evidence of the want of means, on our part, any longer to carry on the war, and they, therefore, exhort their fellow-citizens to renewed exertions and continued constancy, assured that in the end they must triumph.
Santa Anna. —We have noticed, heretofore, the resignation of Gen. Santa Anna, and the fact that he was still at the head of the Government; the matter is cleared up by the following withdrawal of this resignation:
Mexico, June 2, 1847.
To their Excellencies, the Secretaries of the Sovereign Congress:
Excellent Sirs:
When I resolved to offer my formal resignation of the supreme command of the Republic, my mind was strongly actuated by the reasons which I laid before the august Congress, and by others not less powerful, which it appeared to me prudent to conceal. Every moment confirms me in the solidity and propriety of all of them, and I have waited several days the decision of the legislative authority, sustaining not only the evils consequent upon a position immeasurable complicated, but those which flow from the state of expectation and anxiety into which the public is thrown, and which produces at each moment, new changes in the political scene. I asked that my resignation might be taken into immediate consideration, and that even in permanent session, the person might be designated who should succeed me, and this request was not suggested by the desire to leave speedily the difficult situation in which I found myself, but because it could not be concealed that any delay whatever would maintain the public agitation, and draw after it occurrences which would alter the condition of things. I anxiously wished, that whoever might succeed me, might soon take my place, because I knew that the invading army could not immediately move upon the Capital, and that the new head of the State would have the time and opportunity to devise his measures, and prepare himself in the manner which should seem to him most suitable.
Now, it is known that the forces of the enemy are about to move, and that they may do so at any moment, and we may suffer at the same time an invasion of the Capital and a change of government—as state of affairs certainly dangerous, and which may, perhaps, decide the fate of war. The news of my separation from the supreme command has been, as I know, the cause which induced this resolution. This is an important occurrence, and one which requires from me a resolution prompt and efficient, to contribute to the salvation to the Capitol.
During the time since I gave in my resignation, I have received singular tokens of the confidence of all classes, and of persons the most influential in society—all have besought me not to persist in my intention. I see in them a determined purpose to force me to remain, founded on the necessity of preserving the present state of things without innovation, in order not to endanger the fate of this populons city and of the nation.
The excitement has been very general, and even the troops of the garrison, and the most numerous portion of the people, have been constant in their insinuations and their prayers.I know certainly, that the occasion of my resignation has caused great excitement in all minds; enemies who cease not to spy out the moments for producing discord and making revolutionary movements, avail themselves of everything, and endeavor, by their machinations, to force an outbreak; men of good faith, who have seen the disbanded partisans of peace spreading their seductions to propagate the persuasion that I ought not to continue in power, are excited and active; and I behold on all sides, the terrible symptoms of a revolutionary movement.
All this is the necessary effect of the delay which this matter has met with, and which has involved me in grave and complicated responsibilities. I see, then, the enemy profiting by these circumstances, ready to fall upon us. I see, in addition, the agitation increasing on all sides, and I do not desire that any one should inculcate me in case of an unfortunate event, attributing the persistence in my determination to a criminal egotism.
Never shall it be said, that for a point of honor, or of pride, ill understood, I preferred my personal welfare to my country. I am about then, to make a new sacrifice, exceedingly costly, that of my pride, and I have resolved to withdraw, and do effectively withdraw, my resignation of the 28th of last month, and I desire that from this moment it shall be held as having never been presented.
The hour of difficulty will pass, and I, firm, in my determination to abandon power, will do it without hesitation or change, in conformity to the constitutional law. And perhaps I may be able, in withdrawing from this post, to offer a new service to my country, or my design may be useless, as by that time I may have given my life as a last holocaust to my fellow citizens.
Will your Excellencies have the goodness to present this note to the Sovereign Congress, receiving the protestation of my high consideration.
God and Liberty!
[MSM]
REv44i20p4c2 July 9, 1847 Capt. Williams and Gen. Pillow
In justice to an absent officer, we feel bound, (says the New Orleans
Delta, ) in notice a statement made by the Louisville Journal, and the correspondent of the Baltimore Patriot, in relation to the
controversy which an unhappily arose between Colonel Haskell and General
Pillow. The statement we refer to is, that the gallant Captain Williams, of the Kentucky Independent Company of Volunteers, who was on the right of
Haskell’s regiment in the charge at Cerro Gordo, had confirmed the statements
contained in Col Haskell’s communication. That this is incorrect, any
one who reads Captain Williams’ report will perceive. The Captain’s
account concurs, in every essential point, with the report of the affair
as given Pillow’s dispatch, and so far from confirming Haskell’s statements, we know, from the best authority, that when that communication was
read to him, and he was requested to subscribe to it, he refused positively, stating that it was not correct, and neither its object nor its spirit
met with his approval. Such an opinion, and such a course, might have been
expected from one who is as noble a specimen of the citizen-soldier as ever
went forth to battle in the cause of his country.
[MSM]
REv44i20p4c4 July 9, 1847 Payment of the Volunteers
All the twelve-months’ volunteers who have returned here have now been
discharged and paid off, (says the N. Orleans Picayune) with the
exception of two or three companies of Col. Lane’s regiment from Indian, these will be mustered out and paid off to-morrow. The Illinois and Arkansas
regiments will be paid n Mexico. The pay department here, under the direction
of Col. B.F. Larned, we are glad to hear has given entire satisfaction. We
have not heard of a complaint uttered by office or soldier. Considering the
number of volunteers and the variety of circumstances attending their different
cases, this is somewhat remarkable, and entitles the officers of the pay department
to high praise.
[MSM]
REv44i20p4c4 July 9, 1847 Capt Edwards Co.
A detachment of Capt. Edward’s company, which was with Gen. Cadwallader, having been mentioned in the accounts from the army, as having
distinguished themselves in the charge at the National Bridge, we are
happy to be enabled to state (says Monday’s Norfolk Beacon, ) upon
the authority of letters received on Saturday from one of the Volitgeurs
that L’t Blakey, who was wounded in the fleshy part of the thigh, was doing
well; and also Robert Hayman, of this city, who in the charge, was wounded
in the shoulder, but not dangerously. We regret to learn that Hobson and
Whitehurst, two of the privates of Capt. Edwards’ company had died of vomito, and that William Kirby, another private was unable to do duty and was on his
way home.
[MSM]
REv44i21p1c2 July 13, 1847 Another Letter
The Troy (N.Y. ) July 13, 1847 Post, publishes the following letter from Gen. Taylor, eleven days later than the one to the editor of the Cincinnati Signal.
—Those Whig papers which have denounce the Signal letter as a "forgery, " will soon be convinced by unmistakeable evidence, that it is a genuine production. We envy not the feelings of the National Whig and those Whigs here and elsewhere, who fiercely denounced the Signal letter as "silly twaddle, " as a "base Locofoco forgery, " &c. We make no comment upon this letter, except by saying that it contains in stronger tones, if possible, than the Signal letter a virtual rebuke upon the Whig "schemes" or "cliques, " who have sought to further their "party schemes" by the old hero’s name and reputation.
It the Whigs can find any "aid and comfort" in this letter, let them "make the most of it. " It is addressed to a most respectable citizen of Lansinburg, and the Troy Post says--: "His communication to us, and the original letter from Gen. Taylor, which are now before us, bespeak an intimacy between them, which accounts for the frankness and freedom of expression, which characterize the latter. "
Headquarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey,
May 29, 1847.
Dear Sir: It is with much pleasure that I acknowledge the receipt of your most interesting letter of the 1st instant, and to which I desire to reply in terms more expressive of my thanks to you for your kind consideration for myself, and yet more so of my high appreciation of the up right and patriotic sentiments which are the principal tenor of your letter; but I am burdened with official duties, and at this moment, with many letters from distant sources, which require attention, and will necessarily oblige me to reply to you in a few lines: The Presidential office presents no inducements to me to seek its honors or responsibilities; the tranquility of private life, on the contrary, is the great object of my aspirations on the conclusion of the War—but I am not insensible to the persuasions that my services are yet due to the country, as the country shall see fit to command them; if still as a soldier, I am satisfied if in higher and more responsible duties, I desire not to oppose the manifest wish of the people—but I will not be the candidate of any party or party clique; and should the Nation at large seek to place me in the chair of chief magistracy, the good of all parties and National good would by my great and absorbing aim. Sentiments such as these have been the burden of my replies to all who have addressed me on this subject, expressing he assurance that by the spontaneous and unanimous voice of the people alone, and from no agency of my own, can I be withdrawn from the cherished hopes of private retirement and tranquility when peace shall return. Please accept, with this, my brief reply, the warm appreciation and high consideration of
Yours, most sincerely,
Z. Taylor,
Maj. Gen. U.S.A
[MSM]
REv44i21p1c3 July 13, 1847 Gigantic Scheme
The New Orleans Delta publishes a letter from Gen. Gaines to Col. Wm. Preston, of Louisville, Ky., which is eminently characteristic of its author. We have room but for a short extract—a specimen of the whole. If the war with Mexico be not concluded until his magnificent scheme be accomplished, the present generation will not see the end of hostilities. Under the powers to "declare war" and to form a more perfect union, to provide for the common defence and to promote the general welfare, " he contends that Congress has the authority and should exercise it, of making railroads for the transportation of troops through an enemy’s country; and he says that is the most fit and proper time for us to extend our railroads:
"First—From Memphis, Tenn., to the principal North-Eastern seaport of the Bay of California. Second—From Louisville, Ky., via Independence, Mo., to Santa Fe, and thence to the Pacific. "on the return of peace, all these expensive structures like the nation domain, the forts, arsenals, &c., in the possession or power of the victor, become fit subject for negotiation.
"From the same clauses of the Constitution he adduces the power, "above all, finally, to complete and perfect the civilization of the people of America and Africa, and all other people who are willing to profit by our example and friendship, and secure to them the blessings of independence and self-government, as we understand it, "Our readers will be startled at these bold doctrines, and also at the following remarkable suggestions, with which his letter concludes, and in which he lugs in his famous system of "National Defences"--steam batteries, &c.
"I am under the impression that the best possible measures we can now adopt for terminating this war, would be to call into service fifty thousand volunteers, principally mechanics and laborers, and construct a railroad from Memphis to Monterey; and, moreover to construct at Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Louisville and Memphis, 11 to 14 war steamers, such as I, in 1839, recommended as floating batteries, 300 feet long and 60 feet wide, each furnished with an engine of the greatest power—such war steamers as will cost not more than one hundred and forty thousand dollars ($140, 000) each.
"We may thus terminate the war at less than one-half the expense of time, and blood, and treasure, than there is reason to apprehend it may otherwise cost us; and, above all, we shall be ten times as strong upon our own border, by land and water, as were when this commenced; provided that the proposed additional force of mechanics, and laborers, after aiding with their axes, their adzes, and their arms, (rifles and bayonets, ) in bringing the present war to an honorable termination, be transferred to our principal seaports, to aid in the completion of the works necessary for the protection of our great commercial emporiums, by locking up, and thus enabling us to control the navigation of our deep inlets against fleets against fleets propelled by steam power. " [MSM]
REv44i21p2c1 July 13, 1847 The Letters, Once More
The National Whig speaks in the following gentle strains of Gen. Taylor’s letter:
"The Signal letter is the offspring of some miserable, mean, lying fellow, who would steal your purse, or stab you in the back, if an opportunity only offered of doing either without detection.
"We close for the present with the declaration, that we know Gen. Taylor to be a Whig of this strictest sect, and hence our prompt denunciation of this forger, by which it is sought to injure the fair fame of the old hero. In the mean time we call upon every Whig paper in the Union to republish this article. And to assist in dragging to the light the perpetrators of this wicked and damnable fraud. "
The Cincinnati Enquirer, however, settles the point by the following: "We have the original letter before us, in the hand-writing, as we are assured, of Major Bliss, with the bold signature of the old General attached, which we have compared with the one appended to the letter furnished Mr. Atwood, the painter, --and if one is genuine, both are so. But beyond this, we have the statement of a distinguished officer direct from Monterey, that he was present when the letter was written, and was requested by Gen. Taylor himself to say to the editor of the Signal, lest he should consider it a private letter, that it was intended for publication. " (The Whig thought that it was not intended for the public eye!)
A Cincinnati correspondent of the W.Union confirms this
statement. The N.Y.Mirror, the first paper that raised the flag
of Gen. Taylor, says that the Signal letter was exactly what it
ought to be, and that had T. written a different letter, it would strike
a flag. We yesterday published another letter of the old hero (from the Troy
Post, ) breathing the same sentiments. This the N.Y.Mirror
stigmatizes as a "hoax" in such insulting language as the following: "The
Troy Post published a letter purporting to have been written by
General Taylor, which is in all respects, so utterly dissimilar to any
of his authentic dispatches, that we strongly suspect that is a hoax. If General Taylor wrote it, we can truly say, with regret, that he has
written himself out, which we do not believe, or that his friends have
done what his enemies have never been able to do, vanquished him. We sincerely
pity the old hero, bothered to death as he must be, by letter-writers;
harassed and annoyed as he is, if he would chance to forget himself, and
write a hum drum letter between sleeping and waking, we would not think
the worse of him for it; but he is not the man to be caught in that way.
[MSM]
REv44i21p2c3 July 13, 1847 Soldiers for Gen. Taylor
The 4th Regiment Indiana troops is now in this city (says the
N. Orleans National;) it is one thousand strong, destined for Gen. Taylor’s division. They are a fine looking body of men, and we hope destined
to visit the "halls of Montezuma" via San Luis Potosi.
[MSM]
REv44i21p2c6 July 13, 1847 Important if True
Just as our paper war going to press, (says the N. Orleans National)
we were informed by a gentleman in whom we have every confidence, that
a report from a respectable source, reached this city from the city of Mexico, last night, that a dysentery of a malignant character had broken out among
our troops at Puebla, and that is it believed the Mexican vendors of milk, pulque, liquors, etc., poisoned these articles with a certain poisonous vegetable, which grows in the neighborhood. We believe the rumor entitled to credit, and hope Gen. Scott will of it in time to prevent an extension of the diabolical
plot.
[MSM]
REv44i21p3c2 July 13, 1847 Marine Journal
Arrived, Schr.Machester, Turtly, New York, sundries to Kent, Kendall & Atwater, Schr.Rainbow, Rogers, Boston. Schr.E.A. Stevens, Briggs, New York. Sailed, Schr.Aretis, Wheeler, Middletown, Conn.
[MSM]
REv44i21p4c3 July 13, 1847 From Tampico
The schooner Sarah Elizabeth, Captain Webb, arrived at New Orleans on the 1st of July from Tampico, having left there on the 24th of June. The Picayune learns from Mr. Mitchell that the English steamer Avon was lying off the bar, landing quicksilver. She would shortly proceed on her return voyage, touching at her several appointed ports, but she would take little or no specie with her, as in consequence of the guerrilla parties it is deemed unsafe to transport even merchandise in the interior without a large escort of troops.
Tampico feels sensibly this state of things. The accounts of the health of the city are at variance. While Capt. Webb represents that the Louisiana regiment is suffering dreadfully from the fever—less than one-fourth fit for duty—the Sentinel, of the 20th ult., says the health of the town continues good, with the exception of some cases of intermittent fever. The U.S. bomb brig Hecia, Lieut. Com’g. Fairfax, is blockading the port of Soto la Marina.
Another Requisition. —The Secretary of War has made another requisition
on Louisiana. The present one, just received by Gov. Johnson, is for two
companies of mounted gunmen. The scene of their duty is to be Vera Cruz and
its environs.
[MSM]
REv44i21p4c2 July 13, 1847 Later from Mexico
The New Orleans Delta of the 2d July says: We yesterday received files of Mexican papers from the Capital, to and of the 12th ultimo, dates three days later than any previously received. We make from them a series of extracts which are given below. We find in them no evidences of that formidable, fearful opposition of which for the last day or two so alarmed the nerves of some of the more sensitive of our contemporaries.
The same unsettled, indecisive, neutralizing policy seems to prevail at the Capital, which has so long been characteristic of Mexican policy. We hear nothing of those thirty thousand of an army, which with a valor equaled only by the valor evinced by the troops of a celebrated King of France, who marched up and down an eminence—were marching out in attack and annihilate Gen. Scott in his quarters at Puebla. Santa Anna, it seem, however ambitious he may be to play the dictator, is rather shy in proclaiming his references, he appears to think that as he can get along, though minus half his "understanding:" he can keep the Government moving though resting on a fraction of a Ministry.
The War. —The files before us contain full reviews of the opinions of the different newspapers throughout the country, which number about twenty, and with but one single exception (in Durango) they are all fully in favor of the war.
The Dictatorship. —El Monito Republicano of the 12th ult., contains a lengthy article on the subject of the Dictatorship. Up to that date Santa Anna was not proclaimed, nor had he proclaimed himself Dictator. Indeed, the Monitor ridiculed the idea that he designed to become one. The rumor to that effect which prevailed in the capital, is alleged to have originated with and been propagated by his enemies and the enemies of the country.
No Change of Policy. —The Monitor asserts that the new cabinet is not to be entirely form of Puros, (Democrats, ) as stated in some of the journals, and that the new Ministers will carry out the policy of their predecessors. Santa Anna thinks that without a full Ministry—with the Ministers of War and Finance, together with the clerks in the Bureau of Foreign Relations—he will be able, for the time being to carry on the government. In an article published in the same paper of the 10th, we find the following paragraph:--"There is no doubt but that the majority of the nation is in favor of carrying on the war, and we are, consequently, convinced that it is impossible to enter into any arrangement for peace, were it be concluded, it would prove fatal to the nationality of Mexico. The defenders of the nation are therefore, encouraged with brilliant hopes of final success, as it is undoubted that the position in which the United States finds itself must, in the end, secure us triumphant success, notwithstanding our former disasters. All of us who sincerely wish the continuation of the war, look upon an equivocal policy as dangerous, and all overtures of peace a perilous means to secure it; for this reason we are opposed to any change in the politics which may give it a pacific appearance. "
Congress. —Congress met at the Capital at last on the 10th, and the proposition of declaring a recess, was lost by one vote. El Republicano, of the 12th, in a leader of great length, recommends that the forces which are intended to defend the capital, should be well and properly instructed and drilled, as they have plenty of time before the American army arrives there. Being chiefly recruits, the General commanding them, he says, should take great pains in their drill. The editor says that chieftains should bear in mine d that this is to be their last effort, and consequently no exertion to have it successful should be spared.
The Peace Party. —El Razonador, the peace paper, says that it has recommended peace only because it is convinced that the government would not or could not carry on the war; but at the same time it approves Santa Anna’s withdrawal of his resignation, and praises him very much, saying that his is the only man I the country who can keep alive the war spirit.
The Presidency. —The Legislature of Agua calientes had given its vote to Gen. Almonte. A letter from Oajaca says that Santa Anna has been unanimously nominated President by the Legislature of the State.
Gen. Valencia. -Gen. Valencia is reported having arrived at San Luis Potosi on the 5th of June, where he took immediate command of the army. Gen. Salas had also arrived there, and taken charge of his post.
Gen. Bustamente. —Gen. Bustamente was t Irapualo on the 5th, where he was to begin immediately to raise forces from the State of Ouanajuato. It was thought that Gen. Alcorta had issued an order by which Bustamente would be obliged to go as far as Sinaloa, in order to take command of the forces there—which, according to El Monitor, are none.
Canalizo Pardoned. —It seems from what we see in the Monitor of the 11th that Santa Anna and Canalizo had "made friends" once more and consequently the examination of the latter for his conduct at Cerro Gordo was dropped. Although it was reported that he had been appointed Governor of the State of Vera Cruz, he was to be employed in the defence of the capital.
More Guerrillas. —El Estandarte de los Chanacastes, published at San Luis Potosi, says that a large body of guerrillas has been organized at Bocas, about twelve leagues from San Luis, and that they were all well armed and equipped.
Mexican Correspondence Intercepted. Gen. Alvarez sent an express from Ameca, on the 11th, with correspondence intercepted in the possession of a courier going from the Capital to Puebla. The Government had called on the different persons sending letters, in order that they should be opened and read, to show whether or not they contained any information of which the Americans could avail themselves. A letter addressed to El Monitor, from Puebla, says that Gen. Worth, who began by kissing his hands to all the young ladies at Puebla, has concluded by breaking the doors of Senor Haro’s house, lodging himself in it. (Whatever truth there may be in the former part of this statement the latter part we believe to be a lie. )
Gen. Scott’s March to the Capital. —El Republicano of the 11th, has accounts from Puebla, in which it is stated that the American forces would not move towards the capital before six weeks, (from the 10th June) as they were awaiting reinforcements and heavy artillery from Vera Cruz.El Monitor of the same date, publishes a letter in which the writer states that he has been informed that the whole forces will move towards the capital, in all from the 15th to the 20th, as they had resolved and were determined to spend and celebrate the 4th of July at the capital.
Movements of American Troops. —A letter from Puebla, addressed to El Monitor, states that Gen. Worth went as far as Cholula with 200 men, and had returned alone with his staff, without being troubled by any of the guerrillas.
Assistance Solicited from Gen. Scott. —A letter received at the Capital of the 10th, from Tlaxcala, says that the inhabitants of that place addressed a petition to Gen. Scott, asking protection of him; as a chief of guerrillas, Portillo, was constantly annoying them. The Monitor says, that it seems the Tlaxcaltecos wish to imitate their predecessors during the time when the Spaniards went to conquer them.
Attack on Gen. Scott. —A correspondent from Puebla, writes on the 7th
to a friend in the capital, that the American forces are scarcely 6, 000 men, and as Gen. Scott could not leave that lave for some time, it would
be good policy to have the Mexican forces marched to Puebla and there
attack the Americans who were not prepared for an effective defence. A letter from Texpan, of 31st May, says that the inhabitants are
so much frightened there, that as soon as they say a vessel approaching the
port, they packed up their beds and ran to the woods, where they remained
until they were assured that there was no danger in the town.
[MSM]
REv44i21p4c5 July 13, 1847 The Signal Letter
The Whig papers affect to laugh at the comment of the Democratic press upon the strange antics into which the late letter of Gen. Taylor has thrown the Whig party. The Republican of yesterday attempts to correct our statement that some Whigs hereabouts do not approve Gen. T’s last letter and adds: "we have not met with the first man in the Whig ranks who does not most cordially sustain the noble and patriotic stand taken by Gen. Taylor, in his late letter. "
Upon this point all that we have to do is to quote the following extract of a letter from the senior editor of the Times, which places the matter beyond question. That gentleman has "probably as good opportunities as the "Republican" of ascertaining Whig sentiments. "
"Many persons (and among them Mr. Botts, the representative elect from the Richmond District) give the letter the construction attached to it in the Times so Friday inst. understanding Gen. Taylor to declare distinctly, that in no case, no matter how he may be nominate, will he consent to become the candidate of any party, or, in other words, of the Whig party; that is, that the refuses to be elected as a Whig, or to seek the support of the Whigs upon the ground of his approving their principles. Those who view the letter in this light say that if Gen. Taylor do not abandon the position which they thus understand him to have assumed, the Whig party cannot look to him as their candidate for the Presidency. I have met with no Whig who, assuming this construction of the letter to be correct, does not unite in the same conclusion. "
This more than make out what we represented as the effect for the letter in this quarter. The impression s produce in other sections of the Union we have already sketched, as present by distant journals. Admit the letter to be genuine, (and who can reasonably doubt it?) and will not the Republican’s "respected friend of the National Whig" be compelled to repudiate Gen. Taylor? How can that Metropolitan Whig organ sustain a man who has written so "silly a letter, " filled with "twaddle, " and worthy only of the coinage and "forgery of Locofoco deception? But the Whig papers of yesterday morning themselves furnish intrinsic evidence of the utter confusion in which Gen. Taylor’s "unfortunate position" (as the times called it) has involved the Whig party. The Republican quotes the following extract of a letter addressed to its editors, "from a perfectly reliable source in Mexico. "
"You are authorized by the highest authority to say, that Gen. Taylor looks for nothing, and asks for nothing, beyond this war, but that, if the people of the United States choose to elect him their President, he will feel bound to serve them. He will not, however, be a party candidate, nor accept the nomination of a Convention or Caucus of either party. If the people, irrespective of party, choose, in their primary meetings, to nominate him, and then elect him, he will accept the responsible office with grateful feelings—though, if he consulted his own wishes, he would prefer to retire within the quiet bosom of his family, at the conclusion of the war. " [MSM]
REv44i22p1c2 July 16, 1847 Col. Doniphan’s Speech
For the satisfaction of the Whig and our own defence, we will state that so far from culling "apart" of Colonel Doniphan’s speech for a particular purpose, we re-published the whole sketch as furnished by the St. Louis Union. The entire speech we did not see till Tuesday night in the Washington Union, re-published from the St. Louis Republican. We shall now quote not only the passages cited by the Whig, but other passages of an important bearing, which, with the full speech before it, "seem not to have attracted the (Whig’s) attention. "
"Upon returning from our arduous campaign, and when entering upon the bosom of that noble stream that washes the borders of your city; when, in passing the magnificent country seats, bright eyes and smiling faces greeted us, and white handkerchiefs were waved in honor of the returning volunteers, we felt that we were sufficiently rewarded for all our tolls. When we arrived at the great city of New Orleans, we were all unknown. That city is the thoroughfare through which have passed the heroes of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma; Monterey, Buena Vista and Cerro Gordo—Indeed, the heroes of all the brilliant victories achieved in Mexico—and it was to be supposed that they would have been wearied long ago. Yet their patriotism, their regard for their country, is unceasing. There was not a volunteer in this corps who was not proffered a welcome hand. The hospitalities of the city were extended to all. Men who arrived there in rags, were clothed; the wealthiest merchants, who never had seen them, proffered them everything they wished for their comfort, and on credit.
"Fellow-citizens: It has been said of republics which have existed heretofore, that they have been ungrateful. However true the charge may be with regard to former republics, it is not true of our own. Patriotism, talent and virtue, have ever been remembered in this government, and they ever will be. "it is not for me, fellow citizens, to discuss the merits of this war. But it is natural that I, for one, should say something in relation to it. It is a strange war; when first commenced, it was denounced by a large party in our country—the party to which I belong—as a war for political purposes. But, when soldiers were to be raised for the prosecution, you find that men of all parties—the opposers and the advocates, the accuser and the accused—were ready to engage in the war, to rally under the same standard, to fight in the same tented field. What a spectacle for the people of the Old World to gaze upon?
"Men who were engrossed in the strife of political prejudices were willing, like Roderick Dhu and Fitz James, to lay aside those prejudices for the time, when a common enemy was to be engaged—to renew their dissensions, if ever, when peace should be restored. Fellow-citizens, I wish that the same patriotic feeling had existed in the councils of this nation. I wish that Mexico could have seen the same unanimity in our people, in the prosecution of this war, that they have seen in our forces in the field. I recollect well the impression made on my mind, on one occasion, when an express, sent by me to General Wool, brought me such stray papers as had found their way to the General’s camp—the latest dates were of the 29th November—consequently, we had seen nothing of the proceedings of the last session of Congress, or of the Presidents message. The first thing I cast my eye upon was a speech of Mr. Corwin, Senator from Ohio, denouncing the war, and those engaged in it, as little better than a band of robbers. Gentlemen, a Winter shower bath would have been pleasant compared with my sensation on reading it! Freezing—chilling! Such speeches might have been deemed patriotic in the United States; but place yourselves where we have been; and endure what we have undergone, and then imagine our sensations. We were in a city numbering in population at least twenty times our force, and surrounded by enemies on all sides. We had crossed the Sierra Madre, and found, when we had arrived at Chihuahua, that we were looked upon as little better than a band of robbers! Fellow citizens, the speeches which are made in opposition to this war, are said to emanate from the peace party; but I say that they are made by those who are postponing the peace eternally!
"If the honorable Senator’s (turning to Mr. Benton) plans had been adopted, the war would have terminated long ago. If our government had placed at the disposal of Gens. Scott and Taylor each 20, 000 men, they would, ere this, have subdued the whole Mexican power. To talk about guerrilla warfare is nonsense, against such forces as this. If Gen. Taylor, with 4, 500 men, , whipped Santa Anna at Buena Vista, with 20, 000 he would have hunted him down and crushed him! If Gen. Scott had had a sufficient force on his march from Vera Cruz to Mexico to establish a line of communication between his army and Vera Cruz, he would, long ere this, have marched in the city of Mexico, and there dictated the terms of peace.
"Fellow-citizens! What have we gained by this war? Of Gen. Taylor I can safely speak, having been through all his lines of operation. He has gained four distinguished victories—perhaps the most brilliant victories that have ever been gained on the continent; and yet ha has gained nothing. Why, sir, (turning to Mr. Benton, ) is it the efforts of our army are like the efforts of a fevered patient, who spends all his strength in spasms, and as soon as they are over are prostrated? After the brilliant victories which they have achieved, they have been forced, for want of men, ammunition, money and conveyances, to lie idle until the enemy have been able to gain strength anew, and then the battles have to be fought over again. In our victories nothing has been gained. Suppose Ben. Taylor remains where he is, will we have gained anything? He has been there ever since last September, and unless some better means are offered him, he will remain there until next October. The expense of this was is enormous. I have been told that $1, 000, 000 a week has been paid to sustain the war, and yet Gen. Taylor lies in the very position where he was eight months, and there he must lie.
"Although I have not been over Gen. Scott’s line of operations, yet it is clear that he cannot sustain himself from his want of means. He may take the city of Mexico, but, he cannot sustain himself there—take he may, but it is impossible for him to keep it. For Santa Ann, although he was stoned when he went to the to the city of Mexico, from some cause he gained new strength, (some have thought that it arose from Gen. Scott’s proclamation, ) and he will soon have an army sufficient to cope with Gen. Scott.
"It is true, fellow-citizens, that this war has not been without its effect. It has had a great moral effect upon Europe. We now present to the world a spectacle such as we have never before presented. It has been said that the United States could not wage a war of invasion. We have shown to the astonishment of the world, that volunteer troops can be depended upon—that private citizens can be transformed into good soldiers by a proper discipline. We have shown it at the battle of Buena Vista, where the whole force was composed of volunteers; and I defy the world to produce a parallel to that battle. The whole left wing was turned, and the myriads of Santa Anna’s army came pouring down on that handful of volunteers, almost surrounding them on all sides; yet they were sufficient to drive this superior force, and victory perched on their standards. This, fellow-citizens, was done by volunteers alone; it was done by volunteers, disciplined in the school of Taylor, and of that scientific officer and accomplished gentleman, Gen. Wool. "
We ask attention to the passage italiziesed, which the Whig has not even referred to. Do they not prove what the Democratic press has consistently contended, that the speeches made in opposition to the war have given "aid and comfort" to the public enemy, and, in the strong language of the Whig, he shall "refuse credence to the testimony of Col Doniphan, Whig as he is. And, in support of our position, we commend to the Whig its own language, simply changing a few words: "This, be it remembered, is not a mere flying rumor from the camp, uttered by a partisan in a spirit of hostility to the Whig party, but by an officer of rank, fresh from the scenes of which he speaks, intimately acquainted with all the fats, and entitled, by the evidence he has given both of his patriotism and sagacity, to pronounce judgment upon those facts: In regard to the want of reinforcements which has been felt both by Generals Taylor and Scott, to which Colonel D. refers, we have always argued, that if the recommendations of the President for new troops had been promptly carried out by Congress, without the obstruction and delay, which the people saw with deep regret, the evils complained of would not now exist—and Colonel Doniphan presents this view in full. Had Congress done its duty, we are satisfied, as the Union says, that "both these Generals would now be in a position to follow up their victories more decisively, and to reap the fruits of them with less delay. " We think Colonel D. is mistaken in saying that we have gained nothing by our victories. Have we not completely broken up the military power of Mexico, and seized her vast provinces, and occupied her ports and principal cities, and all in a remarkably short period, considering the magnitude of our operations by land and sea, and the necessary complexity of arrangements, at a time, too, when, after a long peace, we were not prepared for war? Is the moral effect of our great military achievements upon the old and the new world to be regarded as nothing? Is it nothing, that the Union have proved to the world that, without a large standing army, and with her brave volunteers, he is ready not only to defend herself, but to carry on triumphantly the most extended military operations, and compel the respect and peaceful regard of European powers? Taking all things into consideration, and comparing the events and results of the present with those of the last war, the world will concede, that the existing campaign could not have been conducted with more vigor and success. There is a further point touched upon by the Union, whose arguments and facts are interesting—as follows:
"In fact, our army in Mexico has already (not-withstanding the dilatory action of Congress) been largely reinforced. It is ascertained by the latest accounts from Vera Cruz, that several thousand additional troops have been already reported there, to strengthen Gen. Scott’s command. Beside these, a corps of six hundred marines must have ere this time arrived at Vera Cruz, for the same purpose. The battalion from this District, under the command of Colonel Hughes, will start immediately of the same destination. Additional regiments are also now mustering for the scene of action from Illinois, Ohio, Louisiana, and Georgia. Indeed, almost every mail from New Orleans brings intelligence of the embarkation of new troops for Vera Cruz. In a word, instead of giving Gen. Scott 20, 000 troops on the principal theatre of operation, (which Col. Doniphan call for, and which the intercepted letter of the Secretary shows were intended to be assigned to General Scott, ) the design now is to give him more than 20, 000.
"The administration has done all that the action of Congress permitted it to do, in furnishing its generals with the amount and description of force which they required. And the feats which our arms have already accomplished—the armed occupation, both of the Pacific and the Atlantic seaboard f Mexico—the subjugation of vast regions of Mexican territory—the prostration of the Mexican capital—attest the power and success with which the efforts of the administration have been put forth. In these efforts there will be no relaxation, until the objects of the war are secured in a just and honorable treaty of peace. "
But this article is already too much extended. The Whig papers are welcome to make the most of the evidence of Colonel Doniphan. Le them lay all his testimony before their readers, and we fear not the result. He fully justifies the position advanced by the Democrats, that peace has been postponed by the mischievous and factious course of those partisans who have written and spoken in opposition to the war. And his language goes very far to confirm the remark attributed to Gen. Taylor, that "he who oppose the war, cannot support me—he’s worse than a Mexican. " [MSM]
REv44i22p1c4 July 16, 1847 The Anabasis of Xenophon
With English Notes, &c. by Charles Asthon, The expedition of the Greeks
under Xenophon, the great achievement of antiquity, has been, in our own
time and history, greatly surpassed in romance, peril and self-sacrifice, by the glorious exploits of the Missouri volunteers, under Colonel Doniphan, who has just been received, with open arms, by the people of Missouri. Xenophon’s
expedition has become classic, because it was told in so charming a manner, and Colonel Benton’s speech (as Colonel Doniphan intimates) is so good a
history of the Missouri expedition, as will make it read with admiration two
thousand years hence. The Greeks were led from Babylon through Armenia to
the Black Sea, and thence to Chesopolis, three thousand four hundred and sixty-five
English miles. It was accomplished in fifteen months, and a large part of
it though an unknown, mountainous and hostile country, and in an inclement
season, losing every thing except their lives and arms. Doniphan and the
Missourians traveled over six thousand miles in twelve months, neither receiving
supplies nor money, but living exclusively on the country through which they
passed, and supplying themselves with powder and balls by capturing them
from the enemy. They fought, and were victorious in three battles, over greatly
superior numbers, and have returned (many poor fellows being left behind, a melancholy sacrifice in their country’s cause!) to receive the cordial
thanks of a grateful country. The young student, therefore, will have a new
stimulus to turn over the pages of the Greek General, and compare his adventures
with those of our own countrymen.
[MSM]
REv44i22p1c3 July 16, 1847 Peculiar Sources of Enjoyment
The editor of the Vera Cruz Eagle says: "We had the pleasure of enjoying an invitation to be present on the occasion of an amputation of two legs, above the knee, on Saturday last. "
The proprietors of the Christian Cemetery in this have somewhat similar
taste. They say in their advertisement, "that this burial ground is on
45th street, and that they would be very happy to attend to any
one who may wish a place for burial. " –N.Y.Mirror. This brings
to mind a very kind offer of a similar hospitality made to us by a friend, one of the proprietors of the beautiful Cemetery about to be established
at Clarke’s Spring, near this city. We positively, but respectfully, declined
the invitation, but especially because of a very inappropriate name, "Mount
Vernon, " which has been ascribed to it. We were glad to hear from him, however, that there was no design to christen the new Cemetery with a name which
should be sacredly appropriated to the resting place of the ashes of Washington, and to none other.
[MSM]
REv44i22p2c1 July 16, 1847 Important from Mexico
Latest from Gen. Scott’s Army. The steamship Alabama arrived at an early hour yesterday from Vera Cruz, touching at the Brazos. She left the former port on the 2d of July, and the latter on the 4th The following passengers came over on the Alabama, from Vera Cruz. Capt. A.R. Hetzel, assistant quartermaster; Dr. A.H. Saunders, later bearer of dispatches from the Government to Gen. Scott. The following passengers are from the Brazos: Capt. Carrington, Lieuts. Kinney and Ashby; and Messrs. J.T. Weislger and Wm. C. Hogg, of the Virginia Regiment. By this arrival we have direct advices from Mexico to the morning of the 29th of June, and from Puebla to the 30th.
Gen. Scott had not then been able to leave Puebla. He was awaiting the reinforcements under Gen. Cadwallader and Gen. Pillow, who had not then arrived. (Some of the papers mention that Gen. Cadwallader arrived at Puebla on the 30th. Letters from Mr. Kendall of that date make no mention of it, thought he was constantly expected. He was at Perote about the 29th, awaiting Gen. Pillow).
The news from the city of Mexico is very indefinite. Gen. Scott is said to have communicated to the Government that Mr. Trist was with him, and authorized to negotiate for a peace. Santa Anna had been in vain endeavoring to procure a quorum of Congress to lay General Scott’s communication before it. Mr. Kendall’s letters rather encourage the prospects of an early peace; but we have had access to letters from a very responsible source in the city of Mexico which take a very different view of the subject. The writer thinks Gen. Scott will have to march into Mexico to secure a peace.
The censorship of the press existing in Mexico prevents us from knowing what measure to defend the city will be taken. Santa Anna was to leave the capital on the 30th ult., intending to pass three days in the country for the benefit of his health. It is said that every avenue of entrance into the city is fortified, but the writer in Mexico, upon whom we very much rely, thinks the American army will easily overcome all such obstacles—that the defence of their fortifications will only embarrass the Mexicans.
We are unable to throw much light upon the movements of Gen. Cadwallader and Gen. Pillow. The latter is said to have been compelled to contest the road with the guerrilla parties, till he was beyond Cerro Gordo. Guerrilleros took advantage of every defile to resist his progress. His loss is said to have been severe.
We have by this arrival a file of the "American Star, No. 2, " published twice a week at Puebla, by Messrs Peoples, Barnard & Callahan. The file extends from the 12th to the 27th June, and we glean from its columns sever items of intelligence. The government of the city Puebla has been entrusted to Lieut. Col. Belton, of the 3d Artillery. Gen. Alvarez was at Atilizco on the 14th June, with 300 Mexican cavalry. The Star thinks his forces have been greatly overrated.
A long, elaborate letter is published in the Star, in Spanish and English, addressed to the people of Mexico, by an officer of the American army. We have read but portions of it, but it appears a calm, familiar statement, aimed and well calculated to teach Mexicans how unfounded are their inveterate prejudices against the United States, and the futility on their part of a further prosecution of the war. We may recur to it.
A Correspondent of El Monitor Republicano, writing from Puebla, says: Gen. Scott, with all of his engineer corps and a number of other officers, proceeded to Cholula the other day, and, after ascending the pyramid, agreed at once to fortify the place. " He thinks it is only throwing salt to the fishes to fortify so out of the way a place. The truth of the business is, says the Star, that Gen. Scott never went there at all, but that Gens. Quitman, Twiggs, Col. Harney and a party of officers, hearing of the pyramid and wishing to see the spot rendered so notorious by the massacre of the Cholulans by Cortez, did go, but the idea of fortifying was farthest from the thought.
The Star tells a good story of a party of guerrilleros who stopped some Mexicans who were driving hogs into Puebla. They first compelled the drivers to pay the usual city tax on their swine for entering the city, and then drove the swine off in another direction. The Star says there is three months’ provisions in the city for the army, and that the fields around the city supply all the forage necessary.
A Mexican named Heredia has been detected by his countrymen on his way from the capital to Puebla with drawings of the different fortifications around the capital. He was tried and condemned as a spy and a traitor, and was condemned to be shot on the 21st ult. The fellow made his escape the morning of the 21st.
The Mexicans are using every inducement to make our men desert, and with some success, but those who have deserted find little comfort from their new friends. The Star tells of two dragoons who ran off from us, but had not gone three leagues before some Mexicans came across them, took their horses and stripped them of everything but their shirts. A German and a Mexican have been tried by a court martial for tampering with our soldiers and persuading them to desert. The Mexican was acquitted—the German found guilty and condemned to be shot. Being recommended to mercy his sentence was remitted.
The following narrative is from the Star of the 24th
ult. "On Sunday morning last, the 20the, a party of Americans, not connected
with the army, left here for a hacienda on the road to Mexico—say about
eighteen miles distant. The object in view by the party, eight in number, was the purchasing of mules for the Government; and after they had bargained
for a number, to be brought in the next day to Puebla, they prepared to leave, but were prevailed on to defer their departure until after dinner. The repast
was arrived on in good style, and after it was partaken of, the host refusing
to receive any pay whatever, the horses were brought out and the party mounted. They were warned not to go too near a village on their left, as some five
or six hundred soldiers were quartered there, and it we mistake not, a Mexican
was preparing a horse to accompany them along a bye path in the mountains, when a party of lancers were discovered riding up to the hacienda. The little
party of Americans started off in a slow gallop; their leader telling them
to save the horses until it would be necessary to run. In this way they proceeded
some distance, the soldiers continuing to decrease the distance between
them, when it was proposed to go a little faster. A half a minute had not
elapsed with the increase gait, before they came upon another party of the
enemy, formed across the road. To attempt to pass them would have been foolishness;
so they halted, and through their interpreter, informed the captain that
they were Americans, but not connected with the army. The pursuing lancers
were now close upon them, and before a proper answer had been returned, came
charging down the hill in such a manner as to leave the boys doubtful as
to their intentions; so they prepared themselves for an attack, which was
soon commenced by the Mexican force, numbering near 80 men. After a brief
engagement, during which the Mexicans crowded upon one another so fast that
they could scarcely use their arms, Mr. Dickinson, who had been severely
wounded in the thigh with a lance, touched his blooded mare with the spur, and she made an opening in the enemy’s ranks running down one or two horses, and shoving the others aside so as to effect his escape. During this operation, another of the party, who had been unhorsed and wounded, slid off into a
ditch, where he concealed himself until night, and got into the city next
morning. Dickinson was chased by two lancers to the river, close by, at which
place he shot the foremost one, and then making his way to an Indian hut, concealed himself until the next morning, when he started for and entered
the city about 9 o’clock. " All the Americans in this affair were wounded, and one named John Kinsey is supposed to have been killed. Another named
Willbridge has written a letter back to Puebla from Atlixco. He had
been ordered to Mexico. The rest of the party, not named, are supposed to
be prisoners also, although there was a report that all had been shot. The
Star does not credit this report.
[MSM]
REv44i22p2c3 July 16, 1847 Puebla, Mexico
All the talk now is of peace, immediate peace, with great Mexican nation, and those who talked but a short week since of reveling in the halls of the Montezumas, now appear to think they are just about as near the aforesaid halls as they ever will be. I hardly know what to think of the matter. The arrival of the heavy reinforcements known to be on the way for Gen. Scott, combined with the loss of confidence the Mexican leaders have in themselves and their followers, have turned their feelings to a degree, and the most belligerent among them may now really be in favor of coming to terms. Santa Anna himself, although he will be very far from starting the ball, will doubtless help to keep it in motion when it is once under way. His very salvation depends upon it. He knows that he will be defeated and lose all if he makes another stand by making cat’s paws of some of the members of Congress, and getting them to look with an eye of favor upon propositions for peace, he thinks that he may be able to second their movements if every thing looks favorable, and finally himself reap all the benefits that may grow out of it.
What the propositions are that have been made to the Mexican Government few here know; but what with British interference, and the timidity of the Mexican leaders, they have evidently been listened to. Three days since and hardly a man in Gen. Scott’s army thought there was a hope of coming to terms with the enemy, now, the time has changed, and many of the officers are even talking of the chances of avoiding and escaping the vomito on their way home. With all the cry of peace, I am not one of those who think that our affairs with Mexico are yet settled. A great deal depends upon circumstances. Should the upper train, containing as it is supposed a large sum of money, meet with a reverse, the Mexicans would be emboldened to offer fresh resistance; should Santa Anna find, on counting noses, that a majority are against him in any committee appointed by Congress, he will be found among the first to scoff at any idea of terms with the perfidious Yankees; should, in fact, anything turn up out of which the Dictator may make capital for himself, no matter whether for, or against the best interest of his dearly beloved country, he will embrace it for his own aggrandizement. He wants time, he wants to procrastinate, he wants to delay the approach of Gen. Scott upon the capital—in short, he wants to do anything which may aid and further his own ambitious schemes. Santa Anna, tired of fighting the Americans, is anxious to make peace with them, although tearful of openly avowing it.
The peace party in the capital—the capitalists and property holders—are also anxious, unwilling to support the war longer and taxed already beyond what they consider their means. The military are anxious to see the war continued, as the only means by which they can support themselves; the leperos, the ragamuffins of the country, care but little, one way or the other, how affairs go, so that they can steal enough to supply themselves with blankets, chinguirite and trijotes and tortillas sufficient to support life. The Indians care for nothing, and they are the most numerous class, so that they can sell their produce for silver in which they have sufficient confidence to bury, and many of the other inhabitants of the country will follow their example. Their priests—perhaps I should have placed them at the top of the list—are anxious to preserve their position and their riches, although they may look upon us as dogs and heretics; and thus you have a mere inkling of the feeling of the different parties. All these feelings and interests—after taking into consideration that all hate and despise us—you may mix up and then make out the chances for a peace. I do no know that nay one has reflected much upon this subject, but to me it seems that this thing of making peace is to be a more difficult matter than making war upon the Mexicans, and will be surrounded with greater perplexities. Texas has to be brought into question, other boundaries taken into consideration, California is to be a bone of contention, indemnifications and costs of war are to be called into account, and a thousand other matters will be found in the catalogue of stumbling blocks in the way of an amicable arrangement of difficulties. The "three millions, " after Santa Anna has helped himself—for he must be thought of first—will not go far, in way of salve or cordial for the many wounds under which poor Mexico is suffering, and there will be other provisos than Wilmot’s for increasing the sum.
Let me conclude this hasty scawl. The talk as I said at the outset, is now peace; but it will all end in Santa Anna’s advancement or his utter downfall. In all his diplomatic arrangements—whenever he has been allowed to argue his point—he has been invariable a winner; at this game, some how or other, he always turns everything to this own advantage, or at least always has so far. How he will succeed in his present scheme remains to be seen, but he should and probably will, be closely watched. A few days will bring us out of the doubt and uncertainty in which every thing is at present enveloped, and I shall make opportunities to keep you informed of ever thing that transpires. G.W.K [MSM]
REv44i22p2c4 July 16, 1847 From the Brazos
We have received a copy of the Matamoras Flag of the 3d inst., brought on the Alabama. There does act appear to be any later
news mentioned by the Flag from above. Great preparations were
making to celebrate the Fourth of July at Matamoras with [ecint. ] Capt. Merrick, of the 3d Dragoons, was selected to read the Declaration of Independence, and Rice Gatland to pronounce an oration.
[MSM]
REv44i22p2c4 July 16, 1847 Departure of Troops
The steamship New Orleans, Capt. Auld, left last evening (says
the N. O. Orleans Picayune) for Vera Cruz, with the following
passengers: Mr. Albert Von Germain, Leo Delatra, Dr. John D. Sims, U.S.M.C
Dr. S.L Barbor, Ass. Sur. 13th Inf. ; Dr. R.R. Ritchie, U.S.A;
Lieut. Col. Bonham, 12th Inf. ; Capt. Featherston, and officers
of his company; Capt. Dobbins, 4th inf. and officers of his company. She carries 151 horses, Capt. Dobbins’ company 4th infantry, Capt. Featerston’s company Louisiana Volunteers and 50 quartermaster’s men. The
ship Tahmaroo and bark Jubilee also sailed yesterday
for the Brazos with five companies of the Indiana Volunteers. The ship
Sophia Walker and U.S. steamer Ann Chase will take
the remainder of this regiment today or to morrow.
[MSM]
REv44i22p2c3 July 16, 1847 From the City of Mexico
We have papers form the city of Mexico to the 22d of June, but not a perfect file, (says the New Orleans Picayune. )
Santa Anna has again been tampering with the freedom of the press. One of his first acts upon resuming the reins of Government on the 20th of May, was to abrogate the decree of Anaya shackling the press. The press enjoyed their freedom thus obtained nearly one month. On the 18th of June, Sr. Vincente G. Torres, the proprietor of El Monitor Republicano, was summoned to the presence of General Gutierrez, and informed that President Santa Anna had ordered that he should be sent of at once to Acapulco if he continued the publication of such articles as had hitherto appeared in the Monitor in opposition to the Government. He was expressly forbidden to speak of the generals, to say any thing disrespectful of the army. Or to discourage the war. Senor Torres replied in a very spirited manner to the Governor, and his paper has not ceased its opposition to Santa Anna and his measures. The editors affect to believe that the verbal threat was merely intended to frighten the proprietor. A like message was communicated to the Republicano. Thereupon Senor Otero, who has been acting as editor of that able paper in the absence of Senor Cumplido, at once withdrew from the paper. He refuses to write under the restrictions imposed upon him. The editor of the Calavera, a satirical paper, was sent off by an order of the President to San Luis Potosi, and the paper discontinued by the proprietors. The editor of the Boletin de la Democracia, Senor Sogo, has been sent off to Acapulco. His paper was considered the organ of Gomez Farias. While such measure are taken to keep the press in subjection, our readers will not expect to derive much information from such papers as have reached us. To test how fart the laws will protect the citizens against the arbitrary edicts of the Government, Senor Torres had determined to bring the acts of General Gutrierrez before the Supreme Cuort, and demand punishment upon him for his infractions of the constitutional right of the citizens. This will probably lead to some yet more arbitrary act of the Government, and we shall perhaps hear that Torres has been packed off to some remote prison. He is accustomed to these things.
The papers contain accounts of the assaults of the guerrilla parties upon the trains from Vera Cruz. It was supposed that General Alvarez would join Father Jarauta and continue to harrass the trains. Several communications are published from Governor Soto, in which he assures the Government that he will take the promptest measures to cut off all communication between Vera Cruz and Jalapa. He says that guerrilla parties were rapidly collecting upon the route, and he contemplated taking possession of Jalapa. He announces in one of his letters that the American sick and wounded at Jalapa were all to be left there, "entrusted to the generosity and humanity of the Mexicans. " We believe, on the contrary, that all our sick and wounded were removed early to Perote. The impression is, that the command of Gen. Cadwalader awaited at Perote the arrival of Gen. Pillow, but in regard to the movements of these General we are left almost entirely in the dark.
An official statement is given in the Mexican papers of the forces under the orders of General Taylor on the 20th of May, with a minute account of the strength of each position from the mouth of the Rio Grande to Saltillo. The volunteers which have lately returned are included in this enumeration. The Mexicans were aware that they were to be disbanded, and their places supplied by fresh troops. The Monitor of the 22d ult., says that our army at Puebla had lost from 250 to 300 men by sickness, death and desertion. It mentions, too, that four of five months’ pay was due to our troops, and that in consequence of this the 6th Infantry had refused on the 18th ult., to turn out when ordered for drill. This is all common, of course. The American army is twitted with having boasted that they would spend the 4th of July in the capital, while the truth is, say the Mexicans, that their reinforcements, instead of reaching Puebla, have got stuck in the mud upon the route.
An opposition paper says that when the Americans learned that Canalizo had been appointed to the command in the State of Puebla, General Scott was highly delighted, and that Worth and old Twiggs (thus irreverently are they named, ) declared that if these 8000 cavalry were under his command they were safer than in their own houses.
An official letter is published date the 14th June from San Juan de los Llanos, announcing that an American train had been attacked above Cerro Gordo, and forty wagons were taken. This probably refers to the attack upon the train under Col. McIntosh, which is often alluded to.
In Mr. Kendall’s letter allusion is made to a loan called for by Santa Anna. The decree referred to is dated the 17th of June, and imposes a contribution of one million of dollars upon the Federal district, and the States and Territories not occupied by the enemy. The apportionment of the amount among the different states would not interest our readers. The contribution is to be enforced by the authorities of the different States, &c., respectively—no one to be compelled to pay over $2000, or less than $25. Ten days are allowed to apportion the contributions among individuals in the most equitable manner. Individuals are allowed just three days to pay their respective quotas; if they make default, they are compelled to pay twice the amount.
The entrance of D. Vicente Romero into the ministry as head of the Department
of Justice and Religious Affairs is schoffed at by the Mexican papers. The Monitor Republicano pronounces it equivalent to another defeat
by the enemy.
[MSM]
REc44i22p3c6 July 16, 1847 From the Army
Knowing the anxiety of our readers to hear from Mexico, we make very copious extracts from the Picayune, which contains the fullest account. The intelligence, though not of a very definite character, is interesting. As to the prospects of peace, opinions are very contradictory.
Gen. Scott was still at Puebla, waiting to be reinforced by Gen’s Cadwalader and Pillow. The latter officer is represented as moving on, fighting with the guerrillas every step. (There is a report that he was captured, but it was discredited in New Orleans) These reinforcements must have reached Gen. Scott some time since.
The New Orleans Bulletin learns from a passenger by the Alabama that General Pierce with a large train and a column, said to be 2, 000 strong, would leave Vera Cruz probably about the 6th July, to join Gen. Scott. These troops had arrived since the departure of the last column, under Gen. Pillow, and, with the troops of Generals Cadwalader and Pillow, would make an addition to Gen. Scott’s army of between 5 and 6, 000 men, swelling it to about 14, 000 men. We think it probable, however, that General Scott would not wait for Gen. Pierce’s command- but when reinforced by Pillow and Cadwalader would with his army, amounting to at least 12, 000 men, push on the capital, where the most probable accounts seem to intimate he would meet with a very serious resistance.
But on all these points, we refer to the Picayune’s correspondence. In regard to the capture of Tabasco by Com. Perry, a letter from an "intelligent"
correspondent of the N.O.Delta shows the great importance of the
operations of our gallant tars in that quarter. We shall tomorrow publish
from the Delta a graphic sketch of the expedition by one of
the actors.
[MSM]
REv44i22p2c6 July 16, 1847 Vera Cruz
If I have understood the character of Bruno and the people of that province alright, Com. Perry has achieved a more difficult and important undertaking than they seem to think The people of the province of Tabasco since the first landing of Cortes have ever been esteemed the bravest and most obstinate of all the Mexican race, and Gen. Bruno, who commands there, is considered one of the bravest and most cunning partisan leaders of the day. Ever since the first expedition of Com. Perry against that place, with a force inadequate to the attempt, Bruno has been drilling all of the citizens capable of bearing arms, and fortifying the approaches to the city. These facts reached us through the correspondent of an English house in Tabasco. His force could not have been less than 2, 500 men when the expedition landed, though my young correspondent estimates them at 2, 000. Now when you think of a thousand sailors landing and marching over such a country, dragging through swamps and thickets 10 pieces of artillery, the heat oppressive beyond conception, and driving before them 2, 500 men, commanded by a man like Bruno the feat reflect the highest credit on our navy, and but proves what I’ve always said, that our navy to equal to any undertaking; They want but the opportunity. Com. Perry should have had command down her twelve months ago. Yours, J.D.J [MSM]
REv44i22p3c2 July 16, 1847 From California
(We understand says the Union)-the last letters received in Washington from this distant country are to the 1st of May from Mazatlan. Commodore Shubrick was then at that port, in Independence enforcing the blockade as established by Commodore Biddle. From Mazatlan the Commodore would probably proceed to the Sandwich Islands to refresh his crews, who had had scarcely had any vegetables since he left Valparaiso in December last. From the Islands Com. Shubrick would return to Monterey. Our squadron had been able to enforce a rigid blockade without giving any offense to any natural power.
Com. Biddle was at Monterey on the 19th of April. The Preble
had not arrived. The Congress was at San Diego, but was expected
soon at Monterey. The Portsmouth was off San Jose on the 27th-all
well. The Warren was employed transporting volunteers from San
Pedro to San Frisco. The store-ships Xylon and Mount Vernon
both at Monterey and the squadron is well supplied with provisions. The Portsmouth had been employed in taking possession of
the towers in Lower California, on the gulf; but at no place was there the
means of making resistance to our flag.
[MSM]
REv44i22p4c1 July 16, 1847 Later from the Army of Gen. Taylor
The U.S. steamer Fashion, Capt. Ivy, arrived yesterday from Brazos Santiago, with about fifty discharged soldiers and teamsters. By this arrival we have our correspondence from Monterey to the 29th ult., and the Matamoras Flag of the 30th.
From the Flag we learn that Brig. Gen. Hopping, then at Matamoras, was to proceed immediately to Mier to superintend the formation of a Camp of Instruction for the troops now on the Rio Grande and to arrive. The Flag gives the following account of the troops to go into camp:
The 16th (Col. Tibbat’s) regiment, entire, is now at Camargo and will be the first at the camp. Two companies of the 13th (Col. Echols’s) regiment passed up the river on Monday, one company is in Fort Paredes, where it will remain for the present and two more are at the Brazos. (Unreadable). The battalion of 3d Dragoons now here, are under order to remove to the camp, but their march is delayed in consequence of he non-arrival of horses. In addition to the troops above mentioned, the following forces, raised and to be raised, under the recent call for volunteers and assigned to General Taylor, will enter Gen. Hopping’s school at Mier as fast as they arrive: One regiment of infantry from Indiana and one from Ohio; one battalion (five companies) from New Jersey; one battalion (five do) from Delaware and Maryland; one battalion from Alabama; one company of foot from Florida; four companies of horse from Illinois, Arkansas, Ohio and Alabama; two companies of foot from Virginia, and one company from North Carolina. The troops will be exercised in their studies at this school under Col. Belknap, and when they shall have passed though a course of instruction under him, they will be fully prepared to fight under Gen. Taylor’s invincible banner.
The troops quartered at Matamoras, about 1400 in number, were to have been received on the 1st inst., by Col. Davenport, the commandant. Major Ben. McCulloch and his men had been for some days quartered at Matamoras. The men were enlisted for six months, and the major is in bad health.
The Flag has a report communicated by letter—in which, by the
way, it puts no faith—that a scouting party of General Wool had been cut
off near Encarnacion, and all but one man killed, or made prisoners. The
letter further said, "that General Wool was expecting an attack. The letter
is dated June 10th. Had there been any truth in its reports, they
would have been noticed by our correspondent, writing ten days later from
Monterey.
[MSM]
REv44i22p4c3 July 16, 1847 A new requisition for Troops
We understand (says the New Orleans Bulletin) that a requisition
was yesterday made on the Governor, by the War Department, for 1000 mounted
men, for service in Mexico.
[MSM]
REv44i23p1c4 July 20, 1847 General Article
The New Orleans National (a special Whig Taylor paper) has the following: The Washington National Whig asserts and asserts that the letter purporting to be from Gen. Taylor, published in the Cincinnati Signal, is a forgery. In arguments to prove it such are certainly cogent. Time will show. " The New Orleans Bee, another Whig Taylor paper, reviews the article in the National Whig, regarding some of its reasons to establish the forgery as "frivolous and straw-splitting, " and other as "plausible and well-founded. "
It concludes as follows: Strange that the self boasting organs of the Old Hero should not be able to agree as to the identity of his writings! They show themselves to be very ignorant of his views, and very "premature" in thrusting his name into the political arena. Certain it is, this letter has taken them all by surprise, and utterly confused their "party schemes. " "We have given this outline of the opinions of the National Whig, in view particularly of the Anti-slavery question, which General Taylor is made, in general terms, to sanction. That there is error or deception some where, there can be no doubt. No one will, for a moment, believe that Gen. Taylor is willing to extend the ordinance of 1787 over all the continent beyond the Rio Grande, and consequently, no one will believe that he has ever avowded such a sentiment? Yet the article General Taylor, distinctly states as one of the grounds of non-interference by the Executive with the decress of Congress, that the extensions of the ordinance of 1787 must not be baffled by Presidential vetoes; and this opinion we are told, meets the "high approval" of Gen. Taylor. We must suspend our belief in the genuineness of this letter, until further evidence is obtained. " [MSM]
REv44i23p2c2 July 20, 1847 Naval
The Norfolk papers state that the commandant of the Navy Yard there, (Com
L. Kearny) received orders on Thursday morning for building a war steamer
of the first class. She will be of the following dimensions. Length between
perpendiculars at load water line, 250 feet; extreme length over 278 feet
6 inches; moulded breadth of beam 40 feet; extreme breadth over paddle boxes
72 feet, depth of hold 27 feet. She will be propelled with vertical wheels, by a bouble engine of 500 horse power each.
[MSM]
REv44i23p2c6 July 20, 1847 Later from Mexico
Through the nimbleness of our ponies, we yesterday received intelligence
from New Orleans of Monday last, being (on account of the failure of the
mail) forty eight hours later than has reached us in regular course. The
failure of the mail was doubtless caused by the recent freshets that have
prevailed at the West. An endorsement on one of our papers mailed at Montgomery
on the 14th inst., says: ‘The Express Rider reports the roads flooded. The mail due this morning cannot get in, as he passed it 20 miles out. " On
the outer envelope of the Express package, it is stated that "the Alabama
River is rising rapidly. " We have great fears that the recent heavy rains
will prove very destructive to the crops, brides, &c. a the West, and
look with much anxiety for further advice. Our express letter brings us the
New Orleans Commercial Times of Monday, and a slip from the office
of the Picayune up to 10 o’clock, a.m. of that day. The news from
Mexico will found interesting, inasmuch as the heads of a correspondence that
has taken place between Mr. Buchanan, Secretary of State, and the Mexican
Minister of Foreign Affairs are published. Mr. Trist, it will be seen, is invested with full powers to conclude a Treaty of Peace, but we find
little indication that the Mexican government are disposed at the present
time to enter into negotiations.
[MSM]
REv44i23p2c6 July 20, 1847 Later from Vera Cruz
The steamship M’Kim arrived at this port on Sunday afternoon in charge of her first officer, Capt. Pillsbury having died on the passage of yellow fever. The M’Kim left Vera Cruz on the 3d inst. There had been nothing later received from the city of Mexico then was brought down the night of the 1st inst., but fuller accounts had transpired at Vera Cruz than were received by the Alabama. We have no further information of the march of Gen. Pillow. Had any disaster occurred to him; the news of it could scarcely have failed to reach Vera Cruz promptly. Our letters make no mention whatever of him or his command.
By this arrival we have files of papers from the city of Mexico to the 29th ult, inclusive. In the Diario del Gobierno of the 26th June appeared an important diplomatic correspondence. The first note is from the Mexucan Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Secretaries of Congress, referring to that body a communication from Mr. Buchanan, which announces Mr. Trist’s appointment. We learn that this letter was communicated to Santa Anna by or through the British Minister at Mexico, Mr. Bankhead, who has exerted himself to bring about a negotiation for peace between the two nations.
Mr. Buchanan’s letter is dated April 15th. It acknowledges the receipt of the Mexican Minister’s letter of the 22d February, declining to accede to our proposition to send commissioners to Jalapa, Havana, or other point before the blockade of the Mexican ports should be raised and the Mexican territory evacuated by our troops. Mr. Buchanan writes that the President holds such a condition absolutely inadmissible neither demanded by national honor nor sanctioned by the practice of nations. He urges that such a preliminary condition would render wars interminable, especially between contiguous nations, unless by the complete submission of one of the belligerents. He shows how puerile a course it would be for a nation which had sacrificed men and money to gain a foot hold in an enemy’s country, to abandon all the advantages it had won and withdraw its forces in order to induce negotiations, without any certainty or security that peace would ensue from such negotiations. He then cites the case of our last war with Great Britain, to show that we never considered for a moment that our nation required us to insist upon the withdrawal of British troops before consenting to treat for peace. We sent commissioners to Ghent when portions of our territory in the possession of British troops; and it was notorious that while negotiations were going one at Ghent, hostilities were carried on upon both sides with unwonted vigor; the most memorable actions of the war taking place after negotiations had been concluded. Such a preliminary condition to negotiation cannot be cited in modern times; at least, Mr. Buchanan knows none. He then expose the unusual conduct of Mexico under another aspect.
The President, in his desire to avoid the war, had sent a Minister to negotiate a peace. Even after the war was commenced by the attack of the Mexican troops upon Gen. Taylor, the President had reiterated propositions with a view of opening negotiations which should put an end to hostilities. He had declared to the world that he would exact no conditions that were not honorable to both parties, and yet the Mexican Government had refused to receive the Minister sent to her, and after refusing to acceded to the opening of negotiations, Mexico had never made known upon what basis she would consent to a settlement of the differences between the two Republics. There will never be a termination of hostilities, Mr. Buchanan proceeds, if Mexico continues to refused to listen to the overtures which have been proffered, and which tend to the establishment of peace. The President will not, therefore, make further overtures for the opening of negotiations until he has reason to believe that such will be accepted by the Mexican Government; but, nevertheless, such is his desire for peace, that the evils of the war shall not be prolonged one day later than the Mexican Government makes it absolutely necessary. Accordingly, to carry his determination into effect, he had sent, in the quality of commissioners to the headquarters of the army in Mexico, Mr. N.P. Trist, First Clerk in the State Department, with full powers to conclude a definite treaty of peace with the United Mexican States. Mr. Trist is recommended as possessing the full confidence of the President, and worthy of that of the Mexican Government. In conclusion, Mr. Buchanan forbears from commenting upon the closing passage of the last letter from the Mexican Minister, lest is should give to his present note a less conciliatory character than he desires for it. He recurs with pleasure to another passage in the same letter wherein is express the pain with which the Mexican Government, has seen altered the cordial friendship which it had cultivated with this Republic, the continued advancement of which it had always admired, and whose institutions had served as a model of its own. Such sentiments, continues Mr. Buchanan, the President deeply feels his strongest desires are that the United Mexican States, under such institutions as prevail with us, may protect and secure the liberty of their citizens, and maintain an elevated position among the nations of the earth. Such is an outline of Mr. Buchanan’s letter of April 15th. We have not translated it, as the original will no doubt at once be made public. There is no indication in it of the basis upon which Mr. Trist is authorized to conclude a treaty. This letter the Mexican Minister acknowledges on the 22d of April, saying that the President had instructed him to reply that the whole subject matter of it had been expressly reserved by the Sovereign Congress of the nation for its own control, and that the letter would be at once transmitted to it for translation.
We learn by the Mexican papers that Congress was at once convened to
take the matter for consideration, but up to the 29th of June
no quorum had been procured. By a letter from a source entitled to great
respect, we further learn that General Scott gave the Mexican Government
till the 30th ult, to act upon the letter, when, if nothing should
be done, he would march in. The best opinion in Mexico, in our judgment, we have had an opportunity of learning by this arrival. That opinion
gives but poor encouragement for peace, but does not entirely despair. Other gentlemen, with very ample opportunities for judging, write from
the city of Mexico. None of the letters we have seen mention any thing
about the number or position of the Mexican troops.
[MSM]
REv44i23p2c7 July 20, 1847 Later from Brazos
The steamer James L. Day, Capt. Wood, arrived this morning from Brazos Santiago. By her we have received the Matamoras Flag of the 7th inst. The news is without importance, The steamboat Enterprise has been sunk in the Rio Grande, 15 miles above Reynosa. Beat 1 loss. Capt. Dunlap’s company of mounted men from Illinois had arrived at Matamoras, the men in fine health and the horses in tolerable condition. McCulloch’s company has returned form Camargo to Matamoras.
We copy the following from the Matamoras Flag: "From the Interior of the State. —Mr. Holliday, a gentleman well known in this city, returned on Tuesday evening last from a journey into the interior, sixty miles beyond San Fernando. The object of his journey was to purchase mules for Government, which was frustrated on account of an irregular competition in the same business by the band of Carabajal, who were spread over the country, taking forcible possession of all the mules and horses fit for service. The (unreadable) of several different villages beyond San Fernando advised Mr. Holliday not to prosecute his journey further, assuring him that it would be impossible to obtain mules, and he was running a great risk of being either killed or made prisoner. He was informed that a part of Urrea’s forces was in Victoria, and that the mules and horses which were being collected by the Mexicans were intended for a force which was raising and was to rendezvous at Victoria for the purpose of making a descent upon Tampico. This he learned from many different sources, and he believes that an attack on that post is intended, the weakness of the garrison there strongly favoring such a design. " [MSM]
REv44i23p3c2 July 20, 1847 Marine Journal
Arrived, Schr.Patriot, Smith, Philadelphia. Schr.Pennsylvania, Nash, Alexandria. Schr.Telegraph, Kent, Alexandria.
Sailed, Schr.Watchman, Winslow, New York.
Port Walthall, July 17—Cld, brig Moxley and schr.J.W. Calwell, for Philadelphia; schr.Lady Suffolk, for Fall River.
[MSM]
REv44i23p4c1 July 20, 1847 The Taking of Tabasco
The following characteristic letter from one of our gallant tars, who took a conspicuous part in the late brilliant affair at Tabasco, is well deserving of a reading from all persons who admire Yankee valor and sailor frankness and humor, (says the N. Orleans Delta. ) The letter was not intended for publication, and is, therefore, written in the free and easy style of friendly correspondence; but there is nothing in it that will not excite the admiration, sympathy and deep interest of all our readers. The pathetic and heart-rending complaint which concludes the letter, respecting the stubborn non-combativeness of the "bloody Bruno, " who will not stand with his 1400 men long enough to be tickled by our jolly tars, is decidedly the richest thing we have read.
If Mr. Polk does not promote our friend in his very next orders, he shall certainly hear from us: Sailors turned Soldiers, or Boiled Lobsters Ashore—Our Fleet passing up the Tabasco River—Bruno in Ambush—Fire opened upon our Fleet—Sharp Shooters Aloft—Formidable Defences—Lieut. May Wounded in Reconnoitering—Fine Order preserved by our Sailors—Capts. Buchanan, McCinney and Adams—Com. Perry—Sailors Hitched to Cannon—Order of March—Encounter the Enemy and Drive Him Before Them—Difficult March—Great Excitement among the Frogs and Tadpoles—Lieut. Maynard’s Gallant Charge—The Enemy Routed—Tall Walking—The Fort opens upon our steamers, which is Briskly and Effectively Returned—Lieut. Porter Lands and Carries the Enemy’s Pattery, and Hoists the Stars and Stripes—Capts. Lee and Bigelow—The "Camels"—Our Troops March into the Town and Occupy the Plaza—Songs of the Sailors—Damage Done by the Enemy’s Cannon. Frigate Raritan, 27th June, 1847.
Editors of Delta—You asked me to keep minutes of our Tabasco Expedition. I can’t go the minutes; but if the hours will suit you, here they are. It was a novel picture, the like of which you may never hear; tell of again, and well worth the expenditure of a sheet of foolscap—so I will begin in due form and give you every item, from the battle with Bruno down to the stealing of a chicken. Just think of an army of salts suddenly transferred from the ship to the shore. The idea alone is enough to fix one’s attention and excite the risible organs. One thousand tars transmogrified into soldiers. Shouldering muskets, forming into platoons, marching by word of command. "Eyes right, and face Corporal—the word order is only a caution, " &c.
They went through the exercise beautiful. Dragging artillery through swamps, chaparral, on ditches and in ditches, where horses would have foundered. Oh it was a beautiful sight, and this is the picture I design presenting to you, and is pronounced to be the most novel and interesting of the war. Tabasco, you must know, is a fine city, situated on a high bluff, on the right bank of the river, 80 miles from its mouth. The river is narrow, the banks high and steep, and covered with trees, and flags, interwoven with hanging vines and the densest foliage I have ever seen. Fifty determined men could have swept every one of us from the decks as we passed up without our ever seeing an enemy. The channel runs close to the right bank of the river, which looked immediately down on our decks, packed with men. The vessels frequently become entangled among the branches of the trees, and in this way, about midnight, several men were swept out of the boats and from the decks of the vessels.
Then with the burning of the blue lights (the preconcerted signal for any accident) and the rowing about the boats, in this sepulchral glare of the light to pick up the lost, rendered the whole scene strikingly picturesque and intensely exciting from the beginning to the ending of the expedition. On the 12th the squadron anchored off the river Tabasco, and on the 14th, all things being ready, we made sail. The steamer Scorpion, bearing the Commodore’s broad pendant having in tow the Washington and Vesuivius, followed by the steamers Spitfire, Vixen and Scourge, towing the Etna, Stomboli, Bonita and Capt. Taylor’s little vessel, the Spitfire, with the patent India rubber Cameal, for lifting our vessels over the shoals and obstructions thrown across the river—the boats of the squadron, about 50 in number, towing astern of all, presented a beautiful sight.
About sundown we left Frontera, and with an occasional interruption from the overhanging branches sweeping our men overboard, we passed on very gently until 3 o’clock next day, when we captured a canoe with two Indians, from whom we learned that Bruno lay in ambush, with a larger force, 20 miles further up. . The tops were at once filled with sharp-shooters, and officers were kept aloft on the look out. The place designated as the first point of attack being passed without interruption, we were beginning to feel secure, when a heavy volley opened on us from the banks. In an instant the fire was returned from the heavy guns of the Scorpion, Washignton and Vesuvius, and from the small arms on deck and aloft. Lieuts. Blunt and Gansevoort, commanding field pieces mounted in launches towing astern of the Vesuvius and Washington sung out, "Go it boots, " and let drive, and the way those little pieces danced about those launches decks as these gallant fellows fired volley after volley, is nothing to yon.
The firing lasted about ten minutes; the big escopeta balls whizzed through the rigging of the old Vesuvius in the most mournful strains. It was a melancholy feeling, too, (music always makes one sad, ) to be standing still and be shot at like a dog and not see an enemy, and have no place behind which to dodge your devoted body. I thought of getting behind the mainmast; but, wo! Wo! Was me—there I found a bug buck negro occupying the place. You know that I cared nothing about my own life, but it would have distressed my Sally sorely to have been hit in the head. Strange to say, but one of our men was wounded, the balls nearly all passing over us. The awning of the Scorpion, I was told, was cut up pretty badly. The Vesuvius’s dies were pretty well peppered, but for the foresight of the commodore, to stationing sharp-shooters aloft, we must have suffered severely—but they had heard of our being armed with the revolving rifle, and had a most awful horror of exposing themselves to its effects. They were afraid of raising their heads to take aim, for fear of showing themselves to the men aloft, and being shot. This nice little brush was monopolized by the three vessels named; all the rest being some miles astern.
We learned in Tabasco that Bruno commanded here in person. We kept on up the river, and anchored at sundown at a place called the Devil’s Bend. About two hours after, the rest of our forces came up and anchored in line astern. At this place we expected the most formidable opposition. Here is a long reach of a mile and a quarter in length. The river narrows, and an obstructing throws across the bar, with a strong breastwork commanding it, made my hear go "pit pat, pitti pat, " as I thought of the morrow, and the distress of my Sally, should a Mexican pill enter my stomach. As the shades of evening stole over us, we were fired upon again from the bushes, the discharge breaking a man’s leg on board of the Vesuvius. We opened the big guns on them again, cleared the woods of the mosquitoes, and went to bed. At daylight, Lieuts. May and Alden were sent ahead some 100 yards or so, to sound on the bar and examine the obstructions, which could be seen projecting out of the water. This was a perilous undertaking, but they went boldly to work, when a shower of balls were poured down upon them from the breastwork and bushes.
Lieut. May’s boat being in advance, received the fire, severely wounding him and several of his crew, compelling the boats to return to the vessel. The order was then given for he forces to embark in the boats and form into line, three deep, in the middle of the river. This was done with great dispatch, and beautiful order. Capt. Buchanan was particularly noted for the beautiful style and celerity with which he brought his division into line; his men were the best equipped in the expedition. Whatever Buch does, he does well—whether in the fighting line, or horsing a midshipman—this last he does beautiful, and nothin’ else. Capts. McCloney and Adams were likewise remarked for the coolness and decision with which they gave their orders, in the confusion that must necessarily occur in bringing fifty or sixty twelve oared boats into line, in a narrow river, and under the fire of the enemy. This is no small merit I think.
In advance of all, was the "old hoss" heself, sitting quietly in his barge, with his broad pendant flying, forming the most conspicuous mark for Mexican shot, and his mouth puckering out as if he did not care a damn for all the Mexican bullets in Tabasco. While forming into line, a heavy cannonading was kept up from the vessels. At a signal given from the Commodore, the steamers ceased firing—the men gave an awful shout—700 oars dipped their blades into the water, and a thousand Yankee tark stood on the banks of the Tabasco. Good! I was thar: and my Sally sustained no loss.
The forces were now drawn up in the order of march—the pioneers and scouting party, commanded by Lieutenant Maynard, in advance then the marines, in command of Captain Edson—then the "old hoss" and suite, with his broad pendant in front—the artillery, by Captain Mackenzie, and infantry, in two division, by Captain Forest and Breese—the ambulance party following after, to pick up the killed and wounded. And now you should have been here with your note book, to gather a few scraps as they fell from Jack, when hitching him up in the artillery. I have often been called a Jackass says one, but little did I think that my mother’s son would ever be called upon to fill the place of one!
Marching about 300 yards brought us out of the woods into an open space; the grass and flags up to our armpits, and an occasional marsh to wade though, rendered our advancing exceedingly painful and laborious. We had ten field pieces dragging after us. With twenty rounds of grape and canister, yet our tars never flinched, but dragged them though much and mire, until we planted them in the Plaza in Tabasco. As we neared a dense chaparral skirting the woods the Mexicans opened on us again. Captain Mackenzie and Buchanan immediately brought forward the artillery, and opened on the thicket, the marines and infantry advancing and returning the fire at the same time. About this time, the word ran along the line that he enemy was advancing on the right--the field pieces were trained on them, and in the act of firing, when discovered to be Lieutenant Maynard, with his pioneers, returning from a scouting expedition; five seconds later, and they had been dead men. The Mexicans retreated before us as we advanced, keeping up a running fire, but rarely showing themselves. It was impossible to charge them for the marshes and chaparral; there was no means of forcing our way through the woods, the undergrowth of briars, vines, snakes, scorpions and other vegetables, rendering it perfectly impregnable. We now struck into a footpath, which we kept until we got in sight of Tabasco. It was with the greatest difficulty that the artillery could be got along, and but for the indomitable energy and perseverance of the officer command them, the must have been left on the road. But before such fellows as Mackenzie, Buchanan, Perry, Gansevoort and Blunt, it was no use—the chaparral fell back, the high flags bowed their devoted heads, the bull-frogs said "bloody hound" (not nouns) and hopped away, and the tad poles having no legs, wagged their tails and exclaimed, "we are dead tad-poles, " and the artillery passed along.
Our march now for two or three miles was uninterrupted by the appearance of a Mexican, but the roadside was strewed with cartridges, beds, haversacks, and other indications of people moving in a hurry. Scouting some distance in advance of the main body, the pioneers suddenly came upon a large party of the enemy waiting in a close chaparral to give us a volley as we approached. Maynard charged in upon them in gallant style, and routed them out. And now you should have been here to have seen what a Texan would call a specimen of "tall walking"—the Mexicans running and the pioneers after them. The yellow varmints seemed to think that they were losing too much time in their feet touching the ground so often, so they picked them up, and we soon saw nothing but a cloud of white specks in the distance, like coat-tails shivering in the wind. Maynard’s runners are of no contemptible dimensions, and he soon left his own men far aster, --but he was a snail alongside of the Mexicans. There were enough of them to them to have eaten up his little force numbering but thirty men, and half of them armed with axes. This was our last brush, and towards evening the advance guard came in sight of the fort commanding the approach to the city by land and water.
I have never seen a more commanding position—constructed on a bluff, taking in a line of the river one mile and a half long, exposing our vessels to a raking fire the whole distance. In the fort they mounted three long 32s, three heavy field pieces and 24 pound carronade, and as the Scorpion and Spitfire came around the bend of the river, they opened on them from the fort with grape and round shot. The two little steamers came steadily along, paying more attention to steering clear of the shoals than of the shot. The Scorpion coming up first opened her fire as she got abreast, the Spitfire returned most gallantly, again driving them from their guns. The Scorpion at this time landing a party of men to take possession of the town, and thinking in the fort that they were about to be attacked in the rear, prepared to limber up their field pieces, when Lieut. Porter landed with a force from the Spitfire and Scorpion acquitted themselves most creditably. These were the only vessels the shoalness of the water would admit of coming up at the time. The wheel houses of the Scorpion and Spitfire were driven in by the shot of the fort, paddles shattered, wheel shot away, and several men and an officer wounded. With the assistance of Capt. Taylor’s camels, the Etna and Scourge were subsequently brought over the bar. We now formed into line, and with flags flying marched into the city to the tune of "OH! Git along Jack. "
On reaching the public plaza, the men and officers were quartered in the public buildings around the square, the commander and suite occupying the government house. Every Mexican had left they city. Not an officer of the Government, civil or military, could be found in the place. We were in the city nine days, during which time not an outrage was committed by a man, and private property respected most rigidly. At night, our jolly tars would assemble together in squads of a hundred in the plaza, and sing their sea songs. Such music had never before been heard in Tabasco. The ladies always assembled in the balcony of the Spanish Consul’s house regularly every evening, and never left until the last note was sounded. There are few concerts in the world equal in my opinion to the music of a hundred sailors’ voices.
The guns were all put on board of the steamers, and the magazine razed
to the ground. On the 26th we left Tabasco. Capt. Van Brunt
left as governor. The Etna, Spitfire and Scourge
remained to hold possession of the place. Bruno is still in the woods in
command of 1, 400 men, and will no doubt annoy the vessels from the river
banks. And now that I have come to the end of my journey, I will ask a question:
Is it our fault that the yellow rascals stand and fight? Is it our fault
that more of us could not get killed and wounded? Is it our fault that Bruno
with two thousand men, would not stand before one thousand tars and he shot
at? And lastly, is it my fault that the President and Secretary have not discrimination
enough to discover my merits and promote me. Yours, &c.
[MSM]
REv44i23p4c7 July 20, 1847 Proclamation
To the People of California.
The President of the United States having devolved upon the undersigned the civil government of California, he enters upon the discharge of his duties with an ardent desire to promote as far as possible the interest of the country and well being of its inhabitants. The undersigned is instructed by the President to respect and to protect the religious institutions of California, to take care that the religious rights of the inhabitants are secured in the most ample manner, since the Constitution of the United States allows to every individual the privilege of worshipping the Creator in whatever manner his conscience may dictate.
The undersigned is also instructed to protest the persons and property of the quiet and peaceable inhabitants of the country, against each and every enemy, whether foreign or domestic, and now assuring the Californians that his inclinations no less than his duty demand the fulfillment of these instructions, he invites them to use their best efforts to preserve order and tranquility, promote harmony and concord, and to maintain the authority and efficacy of the laws.
It is the desire and intention of the United States to procure for California as speedily as possible a free Government; like that of their own territories, and they will very soon invite the inhabitants to exercise the rights of free citizens and the choice of their own representatives, who may enact such laws as they deem best adapted to the interests and well being. But until this takes place, the laws actually in existence, which are not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, will continue in force until they are revoked by competent authority; and persons in the exercise of public employments will for the present remain in them, provided they swear to maintain the said Constitution and faithful to discharge their duties.
The undersigned by these presents absolves all the inhabitants of California of any further allegiance to the Republic of Mexico, and regards them as citizens of the United States. These will remain quiet and peaceable will be respected and protected in their rights, but should any one take up arms against the Government of this territory, or join such as do so, or instigate others do, all these he will regard as enemies, and they will be treated as such.
When Mexico involved the United States in war, the latter had not time to invite the Californians to join their standard as friends, but found themselves compelled to take possession of this country to prevent its falling into the hands of some European power. In doing this, there is no doubt that some excesses, some unauthorized acts were committed by persons in the service of the United States, and that in consequence none of the inhabitants have sustained losses in their property. These losses shall by duly investigated, and those who are entitle to indemnification shall receive it.
For many years California has suffered great domestic convulsions; from civil wars, imprisoned fountains, have flowed calamity and pestilence over this beautiful region. These fountains are now dried up; the stare and stripes now float over California, and as long as the same shall shed its light, they will continue to fly over her, and over the natives of the country, and over those who shall seek a domfell in her bows and under the protection of his flag must advance, and the arts and sciences will flourish like seed in a rich and fertile soil.
Americans and Californians from henceforth are one people. Let us then indulge one desire, one hope; let that be for the peace and tranquility of our country. Let us unite like brothers and actually strive for the improvement and advancement of this our beautiful country, which within a short period cannot fail to be not only beautiful, but also prosperous and happy.
Given at Monterey, Capital of California, the 1st day of March, of the year of our Lord and of the Independence of the United States, the 71st.
S.W. Kearney,
Brig Gen. U.S.A. and Governor of California
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REv44i24p1c6 July 23, 1847 Official-Important From the Union
Correspondence between the Secretaries of State and the Mexican Government, relative to the Mission of Mr. Trist. An extra of the Republicano
of Mexico, of the 28th of June, has been received ate the Department
of State, containing copies of two notes from the Minister of Foreign Affairs
of Mexico, dated the 22d of June last, and a translation of the letter addressed
of the Mexican Government, by our Secretary of State, on the 15th
of April pervious. We here present translations of the two notes first mentioned, together with a copy in the original of Mr. Buchanan’s letter; all of which
will doubtless be read with interest in every part of our country.
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REv44i24p1c6 July 23, 1847 Letter to Mexican Minister
To his Excellency the Minister of Foreign Relations of the Mexican Republic
Department of State, Washington, April 15th, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your excellency's note, of the 22d February last, in answer to mine of the 18th January, proposing, on the part of the president of the United States, immediately to "dispatch either to the Havana or Jalapa, as the Mexican government may prefer, one or more of our most distinguished citizens, as commissioners, clothed with full powers to conclude a treaty of peace with similar commissioners on the part of Mexico, as soon as he shall be officially informed that the Mexican government will appoint such commissioners. "
The president deeply regrets the refusal of the Mexican government to accede to this friendly overture, "unless the raising of the blockade of our (the Mexican) ports, and the complete evacuation of the territory of the republic by the invading forces, shall by previously accepted as a preliminary condition. "
The president has instructed me to inform you that this "preliminary condition" is wholly inadmissible. Such a condition is neither required by the honor, nor sanctioned by the practice of nations. If it were, this would tend to prolong wars, especially between conterminous countries, until the one or the other power was entirely subdued. No nation, which, at the expenditure of blood and treasure, has invaded its enemy's country, and acquired possession of any considerable portion of his territory, could ever consent to withdraw its forces, as a preliminary condition to the opening of negotiations for peace. This would be at once to abandon all the advantages it had obtained in the prosecution of the war, without any certainty that peace would result from the sacrifice. Nay, more: should such a negotiation prove unsuccessful, the nation which had thus imprudently withdrawn its forces from the enemy's territory, might not be able to recover, without a cost of blood and treasure equal to that first expended, the advantageous position which it had voluntarily abandoned.
Fortunately for the cause of peace and humanity, the history of nations at war affords no sanction to such a preliminary condition. The United States are as jealous of their national honor as any power on the face of the earth; and yet it never entered into the contemplation of the great statesmen who administered our government during the period of our last war with Great Britain, to insist that the latter should relinquish that part of our territory of which she was in actual possession, before they would consent to open negotiations for peace. On the contrary, they took the initiative, and appointed commissioners to treat for peace whilst portions of our country were held by the enemy; and it is a remarkable fact, that the treaty of Ghent was concluded by the plenipotentiaries of the two power whilst the war was raging on both sides; and the most memorable of the conflicts to which it gave rise took place upon our own soil after the negotiators had happily terminated their labors. History is full of such examples. Indeed, so far as the unsigned is aware, there is not to be found, at least in modern times, a single case, except the present, in which it has been considered a necessary preliminary that an invading army should be withdrawn before negotiations for peace could commence between the parties to the war.
It would, also, be difficult to find a precedent for the course pursued by the Mexican government in another particular. The president, anxious to avoid the war now existing, sent a minister of peace to Mexico for this purpose. After the Mexican forces had attached the army of Gen. Taylor on this side of the Rio Grande, and thus commenced the war, the president, actuated by the same pacific spirit, made repeated overtures to the government of Mexico to negotiate for its termination; and although he has, from the beginning, solemnly declared before the world that he desired no terms but such as were just and honorable for both parties, yet the Mexican government, by refusing to receive our minister in the first place, and afterwards by not acceding to our overtures to open negotiations for peace, has never afforded to this government even the opportunity of making known the terms on which we would be willing to settle all questions in dispute between the two republics. The war can never end whilst Mexico refuses to hear the proposals which we have always been ready to make for peace.
The president will not again renew the offer to negotiate--at least until he shall have reason to believe that it would be accepted by the Mexican government. Devoted, however, to honorable peace he is determined that the evils of the war shall not be protracted one day longer than shall be rendered absolutely necessary by the Mexican republic. For the purpose of carrying this determination into effects with the least possible delay, he will forthwith send to the headquarters of the army, in Mexico, Nicholas P. Trist, Esq., the officer next in rank to the undersigned in our department of foreign affairs, at a commissioner, invested with full powers to conclude a definitive treaty of peace with the United Mexican States. This gentleman possesses the entire confidence of the president, and is eminently worthy of that of the Mexican government.
The undersigned refrains from all comment upon the concluding paragraph, as well as some other portions, of your excellence's note; because the strong sense which he entertains of their injustice toward the United States could not be uttered in the friendly tone which he desires to preserve in the present communication. He turns from these, therefore, Caldwell--as he does with unfeigned pleasure--upon the sentiment contained in an early part of the same note, where the Mexican government expresses how painful it is "to see disturbed the sincere friendship which it cultivated with your [our] republic, whose continued progress it has always admired, and whose institutions have served it as a model. "
This feeling is most cordially reciprocated by the president, whose earnest desire it is that the United Mexican States, under institutions similar to our own, may protect and secure the liberties of their people, and maintain an elevated standing among the nations of the earth.
The undersigned embraces this occasions to offer to your excellency the assurance of his most distinguished consideration.
JAS. BUCHANAN.
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REv44i24p1c4 July 23, 1847 The New Orleans National
The New Orleans National, Whig, publishes the following interesting extract from a manuscript work upon Upper California, from the pen of "a very scientific man, eminently capable of giving information of value to those who contemplate moving to California. "
The National says, that these sketches "will be found of interest, more particularly as they relate to that part of Mexico, which all parties in this country agree must become a part of the United States. " But the Whig and Mr. Botts say, that the Whig party are opposed to the acquisition of a single foot of this worthless, or more than worthless, territory. Which speaks the true Whig doctrine:
San Francisco Bay, California.
An opportunity occurring, I embarked on board of a small trading schooner, to pay a visit to the Bay of San Francisco, the most splendid one in California. A pleasant run of two days from Monterey brought the vessel in which I journied to the mouth of the bay which is peculiar, and will always attract attention for the facilities it present to be strongly defended at little cost, and for this very picturesque appearance. The entrance to the bay is excellent, it being fully a half mile wide. On the south rises a high rocky point, on the top of which are the ruins of an old Spanish fort. On the north side is a high, bold coast, at the foot of which are some perforated sand stone rocks, resembling in a remarkable degree remnants of old castles, with ruined porticos and archways. After you pass well into the bay; you meet with various small islands or round bold rocks, one of which is known as Bird’s Island. This island is admirable calculated for a light house or fort, for it perfectly command the entrance of the harbor, and could not have been better situated for the purposes named, if it had been located by a skillful engineer.
Such is the entrance of San Francisco Bay, the best on the Pacific coast, and not surpassed for beauty of surrounding country, or safety for ships at anchor, by any in the world. The Port of San Francisco Bay has a bold shore, and high hills for a background. The narrow entrance of the bay looking out towards the sea, is beautiful, bounded as it is on both sides, by bold rocks, while the high precipices on which you stand, brings the waves of the ocean at your very feet. At he head of San Francisco is the small bay of San Puebla, which much resembles a lake. Vessels entering it, pass close to the western shore, through a narrow strait made by small islands; continuing on, you come in the vicinity of Sonoma, the residence of the Mexican commander of the California frontier.
The town is situated three miles form the bay, on the banks of a handsome creek. In the vicinity are several settlement. Sonoma was originally laid off with great taste, and had the enterprise of the people built it up according the original intention, it would have been the handsomest place in California. The military barracks are extensive, and front a magnificent plaza. This station has a garrison, nominally consisting of one hundred and fifty-five men rank and file, but never musters more than thirty or forty. The business of the soldiers is to scour the country, and, under the pretence of keeping the Indians in subjection, rob them of the little property they may from time to accumulate.
Enough of agricultural enterprise is exhibited at Sonoma, to enable one to judge of the capacity of the soil in the hands of an industrious population. The stock looked fine and the houses were better than any seen elsewhere on the bay. In the vicinity of Sonoma are hot springs, remarkably effective in the cure of rheumatic complaints. Near by them was a water mill intended for grinding corn and wheat, but the machinery, although exceedingly simple, was too complex for the simple Californians to mange, so it stood still, the people being satisfied to spend more time preparing tortillas for one day’s consumption than would have been necessary to expend in fixing the mill, to have enabled it to grind enough in one day to last a month.
Yerbabuena, is a small and growing to the southwest side of San Francisco Bay. The harbor offers great facilities for unloading vessels of all descriptions, but the place suffers from the want of good water; vessels, therefore, are obliged to cross the bay to supply themselves. As the country become more thickly settled, a fort will be opened further South that Yerbabuena, which must become of great importance as a place of business.
The country between Monterey and San Francisco present a great variety of level land, well drained when suffering from the rainy season, and kept moist in the dry one by the waters that come from the mountains and lose themselves in the low lands. In the forests is oak timber of the best quality for ship building, and all the interior woods used for framing houses and domestic purposes. Places of several acres in extent are to be found, occupied by the palmetto and lotus plants—spot of ground easily cleared, and possessing the richest possible soil
. Traveling towards Francisco Bay from any direction, it is observable
that, as you approach the country constantly improves in fertility. The
shores are everywhere lined with mission stations, and private farms, the
produce of which, with the most rude cultivation, is almost beyond belief
tot hose who till the soil in less hospitable climates. The yield of wheat
is often a hundred fold, and corn is still more prolific.
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REv44i24p1c7 July 23, 1847 Troops in Gen. Scott’s Army
We learn at the Adjutant General’s office (says the Union) that more than 7, 000 troops (new regiments and reorganized companies of the old) have been sent to reinforce the army under Maj. Gen. Scott; and that official reports have been received, which show that nearly 5, 000 have arrived at Vera Cruz between the 24th of May and 26th of June, and which, we understand, have been pushed forward to join the advancing column of the army with all practicable expedition. The entire force in advance of Vera Cruz, operating in the interior, and moving in the direction of the capital, exceed 15, 000. These are, of course, exclusive of the garrisons at Tampico and Vera Cruz.
It is impossible to determine what deduction should be made on account of the sick; but, according the best judgment of military men, it should be put down at not less than 2, 600; which would make the efficient force in the heart of Mexico about 13, 000, exclusive of staff corps. The army under Gen. Scott must soon be further increased, since more than 2, 500 are known to be en route for Vera Cruz; among which are six companies of the U.S. infantry, and several companies of marines, &c.
In addition to these, a respectable number of troops, of an effective
character are now raising, and will be promptly en route for Gen. Scott’s
army. We take the present as a fit occasion to say to our readers, that
we shall henceforth forbear to make any corrections of the errors and oft
repeated misstatements of our forces in the field, which appear in certain
prints. But we will say, once for all, that the pay rolls—that infallible
test of numbers-will show that the forces in Mexico, under Major General
Scott and Major General Taylor, in the month of July, will exceed 30, 000.
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REv44i24p2c1 July 23, 1847 The Important Intelligence from Mexico
The important intelligence from Mexico, of which our duty to our readers, at this interesting crisis, forces us to give copious extracts, leaves us no room for remarks this morning. What may be the result of the extraordinary state of affairs in the Mexican capital, our readers can judge as well as ourselves, from a perusal of the extracts which embrace all that we can see of an important bearing in the New Orleans papers.
The New Orleans Times is the only paper which refers to the positive
rejection, by the Mexican Congress, of our offer of negotiation. None
of he other papers having alluded to it, we are encouraged to hope that
the information may be incorrect. At all events, we have no doubt that Gen. Scott is now in the city of Mexico. What may be the issue of his movements, a few days will certainly unravel. We shall be astonished at no conduct of
the Mexicans, however infatuated it may be; but whatever they may do, we
have no fear for the triumphant progress of Gen. Scott and our brave army. We have practiced toward Mexico a generosity and forbearance which we would
not extend to a more powerful nation. We have over and over again tendered
to her the most liberal offers. If she madly rejects the olive branch, the
responsibilities be on her own head. Peace we hope for but not tat the sacrifice
of our national honor and rights. The conduct of our Government has been in
accordance with the laws of the nations and the practices of the civilized
world. If Mexico plays the mule and rejects all overtures, she alone
must be responsible to the grand council of nations, for a continued rupture
of peace between two republics that ought to be cordially united against the
monarchies of the Old World.
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REv44i24p2c2 July 23, 1847 Troops for Mexico;
A detachment of one hundred recruits sailed from New York on Monday, for
the Brazos, Mexico, in the ship Elisha Denison. These troops were
recruited by Lieut. R. A. Bouton, of the 10th Regiment 250 strong. They are ordered to report to General Taylor.
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REv44i24p2c5 July 23, 1847 Most Important
Again a rejection of the olive branch.
Mexico Declines Treating.
At the moment when the Galveston was leaving Vera Cruz, a courier, with the mail from the Capital, entered the city, bringing dates to the
5th July. The principal item of intelligence, brought from the
city of Mexico, is of a momentous character, viz: The Mexican Congress, with some difficulty, had been brought together, and Mr. Buchanan’s communication, containing the President’s overtures for peace, were laid before them. Their
decision was immediate, and to the effect, that Mexico would listen to no
terms for peace. General Scott left Puebla, at the head of his army, for
the Capital, on the 30th June. We received this news from a passenger, and have every reason to believe that it is authentic.
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REv44i24p2c6 July 23, 1847 Late & Important from Mexico;
By way of Tampico (says the N. Orleans Picayune) we yesterday received a copy of El Republicano, from the city of Mexico, of the 30th June, also the number of the 28th, which was missing from our previous file. Both papers contain matter of great interest.
The council of war spoken of was held on the 24th. It is not
alluded to in the Star of Puebla of the 26th, nor in
Mr. Kendall’s letters, which come down to the 30th. Yet the facts
are said to be derived from a responsible source, and they look plausible—Gen. Worth’s opinions particularly so. The Republicano of the 29th
says nothing about the subject, but in that paper of the 30th
is another postscript, to which is prefixed in large letter, "Very Important. "
This postscript mentions the receipt of letters announcing the debarkation
of 18— men at Vera Cruz from Tampico, who had marched immediately for Puebla. (This is probably Gen. Cadwalader’s detachment. ) The letters further said
that Gen. Scott had already ordered the march of the first brigade, consisting
of 1500 troops, with ten guns and a mortar, towards the city of Mexico, when
he learned that the train was detained at Nopalucan (forty two miles this
side of Puebla, and fifty one beyond Perote) that he thereupon countermanded
the march upon Mexico, and dispatched a force to the assistance of the
rain coming up. The letters then speak of the review of the troops, which
took place on the 26th. The number of troops is again set down
at 8, 500 men, without including those who occupy the fortifications of San
Juan, Loreto, &c. But the most important paragraph is, that Gen. Scott, would probably postpone his march upon the city until the 10th
July, to allow these reinforcements to come up. We give those various pieces
of news as we find them; but the reader will constantly bear in mind, that
our advices direct from Puebla are later than those by the city of Mexico. The Republicano, in this same postscript, thinks it very probable
that General Taylor will abandon Saltillo, Matamoras, and other towns in
the North of Mexico, and shortly proceed to Vera Cruz, to assist in the taking
of the Capital. Which now, it adds, the object of the aspirations of the
Americans. It is very anxious that the Government should direct General Valencia
and Salsas, now at San Luis, that they harass the retreat of General Taylor.
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REv44i24p3c1 July 23, 1847 Marine Journal
Arrived. Schr. Emily Ann, Parker, Norfolk. Schr.Adeline, Taylor, New York. Schr.Fox, Patterson.
Baltimore Sailed. Schr.Rainbow, Rogers, Boston. Schr.Jas Franklin, Creighton, Baltimore.
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REv44i24p4c1 July 23, 1847 Important from Mexico
Our files of papers from the city of Mexico, by the way of Vera Cruz, come down to the 29th of June. By the way of Tampico, to, we have files from the capital, but not later than the 16th. Our attention was first given to discover something about the American prisoners in Mexico. The following paragraph is the only thing upon the subject we can find. It is sufficiently indefinite, but shows that the prisoners had left the capital. It is from El Republicano of the 27th ult.
The 180 Yankee prisoners of war whom the Government sent by this route have been detained at the above named town, and we learn that General Garay has not the necessary means for supplying them with food.
We have looked in vain into proceding numbers of the same paper for a notice of their departure from the capital, but the above scanty paragraph is all that we can find upon the subject.
A summons for Congress to assemble we find in almost every paper we open. We presume it is summoned to take into consideration Mr. Buchanan’s letter announcing Mr. Trist’s appointment. It is certain that no quorum had been assembled up the 29th ult. The Republicano published daily the list of members present and absent. They have several times come very near a quorum, and there its, doubtless, a sufficient number of members in the city to form one. Seventy one are required—sixty six were present on the 25th.
The papers of the city appeared to expect that the American army would move from Puebla by the end of June. They say not a word in their later numbers of their own means of defence, or, indeed, of their own army. In this particular they show perfect acquiescence in the wishes of Santa Anna.
We see no allusion in the papers to the fact which we have stated elsewhere upon different authority that General Scott had given the Government to the 30th ult., to consider of Mr. Buchanan’s letter before pushing on to the capital. The Republicano says our army is too insignificant to advance, but hopes it is true that General Scott intends doing so, as it will afford a good test of the fidelity of those Mexicans who have pledged themselves to defend the capital till death. This reads much like a sneer at the Mexican officers—a thing the Republicano is very capable of doing.
The persecutions against the press are continued. D. Francisco Lazo Estrada, editor of the Boletion de la Democracia, having secreted himself to escape a prosecution, has been found and arrested. This is the second individual connected with this paper proceeded against.
On the 26th ult., rumors which the Republicano calls "very alarming" were in circulation in the capital. It was said that the
Mexican Government had acceded to the mediation of England; that the English
Secretary of Legation had been down to Puebla and returned on the 24thth;
that the object of his visit was negotiate with Gen. Scott a treaty of peace;
that the terms agreed upon between them would be the surrender of the Californias
to the Americans, the recognition of the independence of Texas, and the acknowledgement
of the line of 36 degrees as the northern boundary between the United States
and Mexico. (This line would give Santa Fe and over a third of New Mexico
to the United States. ) The Republicano has no faith in these rumors. It denounces them as false, but at the same time in such a manner as to
betray its fears least the rumors confirms the information we derived from
a distinct source in Vera Cruz that Mr. Buchanan’s letter was transmitted
thought the English embassy. The same considerations may lead the reader
to attach some faith to the terms of treaty which are enumerated above. The
English Secretary returned to the city of Mexico n the 24th and
Mr. Buchanan’s letter was published on the 26th, and at the same
time these rumors obtained general currency.
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REv44i25p1c6 July 27, 1847 Naval
The U.S. ship Raritan, Capt. Forrest, saluted the flag of Com. Kearney, at Norfolk, on Friday morning, which was returned from the flag ship Pennsylvania, Co. Stribling. List of officers of the U.S. frigate Raritan: Captain—French Forrest; 1st. Lieut. T.R. Roots; 2d do. G. L. Claiborne; 3d do. W, . A. Parker; 4th do. James S. Biddle
REv44i25p2c3 July 27, 1847 From the New Orleans Times
We have been favored with the following extract from a letter, dated Tabasco, June 30, 1847.
We have been far more tranquil ever since the departure of Commodore Perry, small parties of men having entered the town at night and fired upon the sentries. This has led to the burning, the day before yesterday, of about two hundred houses, at the back and south end of the city, by order of our government and military commander. Yesterday reinforcements of about 110 marines and sailors were sent up by Commodore Perry from the bar, and this morning about 250 men have gone out to try and meet some of the Mexican forces that are in this neighborhood, and drive them away. The city remains deserted, and no business at all doing, not a single shop in the place being opened, and all our usual supplies from the neighborhood suspended. We understand Commodore Perry has declared his intention to retain possession of this city, unless he receives orders to the contrary from the government in Washington.
July 1. —The result of the expedition yesterday appears to have been in
favor of the Americans, but with a loss of two men killed in ambush, and four wounded. The Mexican force waited for them in ambush at Tamulte, but after about twenty minutes firing retired—it is not yet known with
what loss.
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REv44i25p3c1 July 27, 1847 Marine Journal
Arrived. Sardinian brig, La Rosa, Prede, Ireland.
Spoke 6th July, lat. 37 10 N. lon. 65 00 W., brig Iceland from Philadelphia, bound to Western Islands.
Schr.Triumph, Williams, Baltimore. Schr.Essex, Cooper, Norfolk.
Sailed. Schr.Gulnare, Luce, Portland.
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REv44i25p4c1 July 27, 1847 By the Southern Mail
The steamship Palmetto, Captain Smith, arrived last night from Vera Cruz, by way of Tampico and Brazos Santiago. She left Vera Cruz on the 9th. Tampico on the 10th, and the Brazos on the 12th. By this arrival we have letters and papers from Vera Cruz to the 9th July. So far as we can learn by them, or by the verbal report of the officers of the Palmetto, there have been no arrivals from the army of General Scott since the night of the 1st July. We are, therefore, confirmed in our opinion, that the story brought here by some one on the Galveston, about a courier from Mexico with "momentous" news to the 5th July, was "all my eye. "
We can learn nothing whatever the army or the capital. The Sun of Anahuac of the 9th July, gives the following account of the issue of Captain Mayo’s expedition against Father Jarauta:
"Captain Mayo, United States Naval Governor of Alvarado, as we have said in a previous number, ascended the Alvarado river with the steamer Petrita a few days ago in pursuit of a renowned priest chief of the guerrillas. Padre Jarauta, Captain M. went up the river about 70 miles to a town called Cosamaloapoapan, where the padre had captured an American trader’s boat with two men, and robbing 200 dollars from them; but when he arrived the Mexican had fled, after selling the boat. "No resistance was made to the Governor—he hoisted the American flag, made the alcaide pay the two hundred dollars, and return the boat to its owner
. "The padre, before leaving Cosamaloapan on Friday last, told the people that his intention was to go to Tsechoacan, and Hacienda of Nopalapam, for the purpose of collecting 500 horses, to mount his men, at this time stationed in the town of Cotasta, Hacienda of Naranjo, and Boca Costol, in number about 600 effective men; from these places he was to join a guerrilla chief from Jalapa, Juan Chimaco Robledo, who is now in the pass of the Hava, nine miles from Jalapa, with 150 men, and collecting as many more as possible from the neighboring country, for the purpose of attacking our train on their way up. He has positive orders to take no prisoners but to put to death not only all Americans, but even every Mexican he can catch, that has in any way rendered services to our countrymen. "
The Sun also reports a fight between a Frenchman named Simon
Lamadee and a Mexican named Ramon Bustamente. The Mexican stabbed the Frenchman
dangerously and made his escape. A reward of $100 was offered for Bustamente
forthwith. Gen. Pierce had not left Vera Cruz when the Palmetto
sailed, but was expected to leave that day or Saturday, the 10th, with 3, 000 men. From Tampico and the Brazos we have no news whatever. The
Palmetto brought mails from each point at which she touched, but they were not distributed last night.
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REv44i25p4c1 July 27, 1847 Escape of Eight American Prisoners
The schooner Home, Captain Kinney, arrived here yesterday morning (says the New Orleans Picayune) from Tampico, bringing over eight of the American prisoners who have been so long and so unjustly detained in Mexico. The names of these men are A.W. Holeman, W.P. DeNormandie, William Funk, Josh Thomas, John A. Scott, Robert S. Cockrill, John Swigert and William Russell. The last named belonged to the Arkansas cavalry, the others to the two regiments from Kentucky. They left the city of Mexico on the 5th of June, with the other prisoners, it being understood that their destination was Tampico. They marched with a small escort in charge of a Colonel and two or three officers. On the 17 they reached Juejria, where they were turned over as prisoners to Gen. Garay, in command of that town, where several hundred troops were stationed. The prisoners were treated with some consideration by Gen. Garay, and much more kindness than they had before met with. They were informed by him that he had no orders to dispose of them, and that although he presumed it was the purpose of the Government to send them on to Tampico he had no instructions to that effect. The prisoners were here furnished with twenty five cents each daily for their expenses. This money Gen. Garay appears to have raised by contributions among the town’s people. After waiting here some days, seeing no prospect of release, and fearing lest events at the capital might induce the Government to charge its intention of forwarding them to Tampico, they determined to effect their escape. They attempted this in small parties of five at one time, two at another, and five at another. Seven in all left on the 27th. The first five were all retaken and carried back to Huejutla, but one of them again escaped and with the other seven reached Tampico. They marched principally by night and were from four to six or seven days on the route! After their arrival at Tampico, news reached there by a Mexican that about thirty of the men had also attempted to escape; that twenty five of them had been retaken, and three others shot in the pursuit.
These were the reports in Tampico, but our informant does not place implicit
confidence in them. He has little expectation that Col. De Russy’s expedition
will prove of any avail in procuring the release of the other prisoners. He thinks it certainly will fail, if the intention be to rescue the men
by force. The movement of the colonel will inevitably be reported to Gen. Garay in advance; and if he does not feel himself strong enough to receive
an attack, he can very readily send off the prisoners further into the interior. The fate of those men is greatly to be deplored, and we cannot but think
there has been remissness on the part of Gen. Scott in not obtained their
release. With a number of Mexican officers in our power, we would have brought
that Government to a sense of its obligations to our prisoners, by hanging
up some of their own to the first tree.
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Com. Bigelow’s Skirmish with the Mexicans.
The Union contains the official dispatches from Commander Bigelow, giving an account of his fight with the Mexicans under Gen. Echegaray, from which we extract the following:
Small parties of the enemy occupied the outskirts of the city every night, threatening an attack, and I was obliged to keep a large portion of the forces constantly on duty to prevent being surprised. Finding that the enemy sheltered himself in the ranchos in the outskirts of the city. I gave orders to burn all the unoccupied ones. This duty was executed by Lieut. Commandant Porter, with a detachment of one hundred men. About two hundred ranchos were destroyed, most of them of but little value. Having learned that the enemy had occupied the outer barrack, near the church, the night previous. I ordered it to be destroyed also; and it was accordingly blown up. This, and the explosion of a few shells fired over the city, probably prevented the contemplated attack by the enemy the ensuing night. I had also planned for the 30th an expedition to the village of Tamultay, situated about three miles from this, which was reported to be the headquarters of General Echegaray, to consist of a steamer (the Scourge) to ascend the river and cut off the enemy’s retreat, while I crossed over by land with 150 men, and a piece of artillery, to dislodge him.
The arrival of the steamship Vixen with a reinforcement, and your very liberal and judicious instruction, enabled me to increase the land party to 240, with two pieces of artillery; and I also directed the Vixen to ascend the river in company with the Scourge to assist one another in case of grounding. . In conformity with these arrangements, I started at 7 o’clock on the morning of the 30th, (yesterday) and at the same time the steamers got under way to ascend the river. At nine o’clock, when within about a quarter of a mile of the village the enemy opened a fire of musketry from the bushed on both sides of the road, where he had posted himself in ambush. This was promptly returned by the marines and small arm men, till the artillery was brought into position; when, after a few discharges, the enemy broke and fled to the woods, pursed by our men; but not being acquainted with the by paths, we were not able to overtake them, and consequently made no prisoners, except a few straggles found in the village. A small quantity of ammunition, and some muskets, were found in the church and destroyed.
At 1 o’clock P.M. after having refreshed my men, seeing nothing of the steamers, I took up the line of march and returned to the city. The steamers after getting aground several times for the want of pilors, which were not to be obtained, reached the village about half an hour after we had left, and returned here this morning. I forward herewith the report of Lieutenant Commandant Lockwood, of the Scourge, who was in command.
The party we encountered at the village of Tamultay consisted of about
500 men, under the command of Gen. Echegaray, being the whole force of the
enemy in this vicinity. They had received information of our movement, and
were posted in the most judicious manner to receive us. During the action
we lost two men killed, and had, two wounded—one severely and the other
slightly. Lieut. Kintzing was also slightly wounded by a spent ball, and two men were badly burned by the accidental explosion of powder
in a building. The loss of the enemy was not ascertained, but two killed
were found in the bushes near the road. The officers and men behaved in a
manner creditable to the service and their country. The following comprise
the names of the killed and wounded: Killed—James White, seaman. Spitfire. Wounded—Mortality—James Mitchell, ordinary seaman, Potomac, since dead. Dangerously, Wm. Treat, ordinary seaman, Potomac. Severely—Jas. Hoy, ordinary
seaman, Mississippi; Brosby, Etna, from explosion of gunpowder; George Brown, ordinary seaman, Etna, from explosion of gunpowder. Slightly—George Johnson, Potomac, from explosion and gunpowder.
[MSM]
REv44i26p1c7 July 30, 1847 Later from Matamoras
Probable Advance from Gen. Taylor on San Luis Potosi, and Junction of the American Forces under Gens. Scott and Taylor.
By the steamship Jas. L. Day, Captain Wood, from Brazos St. Jago, late last night, we have received Matamoras papers to the 18th instant—from which we extract the following intelligence, combining all we can hear at present: (From the Matamoras Flag. )
Col. S. R. Curtis, acting Inspector General under General Wool, reached our city on Monday, directly from the camp of General Wool at Buena Vista, having left there on the 28th ult. We believe that he is undetermined, whether to proceed from here to the United States, or to the headquarters of Gen. Scott. In brief conversation with him, we gather the following particulars, with regard to affairs on this line. Up to the time of his departure from Buena Vista, everything had remained quiet camp.
The Mexican forces at San Luis were variously reported at from four to fourteen thousand. —They are commanded by General Valencia. A march against General Wool had been determined upon, but appears to have fallen through. General Wool received timely notice of it on the 26th ult. and made arrangements for a hearty welcome. It was afterwards ascertained, that the brigade of General Minon, (commanded now by another officer, ) forming the advance, had approached within sixty or eighty miles Saltillo. Here the soldiers began to desert, and dissensions arose, which induced a countermarch, and rumor said, that General Valencia was en route from San Luis to join General Santa Anna, at the City of Mexico.
(We can contradict this rumor upon the authority of San Luis papers, received in this city within the last few days. —These papers state Gen. Valencia to be still at San Luis, making preparations for the reception of General Taylor. They mention that dispatches, ordering General Taylor to form a junction with General Scott, by the way of San Luis, had been captured, and they feel certain that General Taylor will march upon that place. The regular troops under Valencia are stated at 9, 000, and strenuous appeals are made to the people assist in the defense of the city. )
The troops at Buena Vista (2, 900) are in good health, and under general Wool’s command, progressing rapidly in the "school of a soldier. "
Gen’l Taylor is still at Walnut Springs, quietly awaiting the arrival of those reinforcements so often promised and always delayed. He desires to go toward or back. Thinks he has a prospect of getting more reinforcements than necessary for mere garrison duty in this country; but not long enough to prosecute hostile movements. He has 120, 000 rations, 800 wagons and 2000 mules waiting, ready to move forward.
The camp near Mier, is designed as the headquarters of General Hopping and the "School of Instruction, " has been located at the Sulphur Springs, about three miles from Mier, at the junction of the Alama river with the Rio Grande. —It is said to be a delightful place, and some 1, 500 troops are already collected there.
Col. Belknap and Major Crossman started from Camargo on the 8th inst., on the Rough and Ready steamboat, designed to try the navigation to the new camp—The river is still low, and but few boats ascend above Reynosa. A large quantity of public stores have accumulated at Reynosa, and at San Francisco. These stores, designed for the army above, will be forwarded as fast as circumstances will allow.
It was rumored along the road that Urrea was on the side of the mountains, but it was not generally believed in Camargo, or above there on the line; the country wore the appearance of perfect quiet, and there was no interest either in present or perspective operations. At this place, Mexican reports assume a more concise form, and we are forced to give credit to some of them. It is beyond doubt, that Urrea is now on this side of the mountain. We have positive information of his being in Victoria, five days ago, and of his having arrested the Governor of his state, and sent him under guard, to the city of Mexico, charged with hatching treason against the Mexican government.
It is also pretty certain that a nephew of Canales has been arrested and shot by his order, treasonable correspondence having been found in his possession. —The Department of Tamaulipas is put under contribution for a large sum of money, and Urrea is deputed to enforce its collection with the bayonet. There is a report that he has left Victoria with the design of attacking Tampico, in conjunction with troops from San Luis, but this rumor we cannot trace to any reliable source.
Carabajal is reported moving about all over the country—here one day, there the next—letting few traders escape him—fleecing them even to their shirts.
From San Louis. —San Luis papers to the 6th instant have been received in town, but they are in the hands of Mexicans, who refuse us permission to see them. They contain some important information, looked upon by Mexicans as very favorable to their cause, the purport of which we arrive at from hearsay.
The most important intelligence regards General Scott. The papers state, so we are told, that our army marched from Puebla for the city of Mexico, but after ascertaining the force they would have to contend with, countermarched again to Puebla, without coming to an engagement with the Mexicans, although battle was offered at a point distant twenty-five miles from the city. This is too improbable for beliefs; General Scott will never turn back when once on the march, even though the opposing force be "forty thousand valiant Mexicans, " as stated.
The second item of importance announces the dissolution of the Ayuntamiento
of Puebla, and retirement from the city of all the members, save one, who
was arrested by order of General Worth. The good feeling which at first
existed between our troops and the Pueblanos has given place to the direct
enmity.
[MSM]
REv44i26p1c5 July 30, 1847 From Chihuahua
Letters were received in this city, yesterday, from Chihuahua, dated some ten days after the departure of Col. Doniphan’s command from that city. They were bought by Mr. Webb, who returned by way of El Passo and Santa Fe. —All along the route, between Chihuahua and Santa Fe, he was suffered to pass without molestation from the citizens.
The letters represent everything as quiet at Chihuahua—the citizens, who
fled at the entrance of our army, had returned to their homes—and trade
was commencing, under an arrangement made by the merchants with the State
authorities, after Col. Doniphan left. By this treaty, the American merchants
agreed to pay such custom house duties as were paid by the Mexicans, and
the authorities, on their part, guaranteed the safety of the persons and
property of the merchants. The Mexicans are said to treat the Americans
with great deference and civility, and it was hoped that sales of all the
goods—amounting to a million dollars worth, when the army left Chihuahua—would
be soon effected. The letters complain of the exceeding haste with which
the departure of the American troops was effected, and of the dangers to
which this conduct left them exposed.
[MSM]
REv44i26p2c5 July 30, 1847 General Lane to General Wool
Buena Vista, Mexico, May 20, 1847.
Dear General: In a few days we are to take up the line of march homeward, and, from my understanding of the law, I am soon to be discharged, and I greatly hope that the cause which gave rise to my appointment may soon cease to exist. A speedy and honorable peace with this country is much desired by every American citizen.
But, my dear General, I cannot think of parting with you without expressing my high opinion of your great worth as a military man. —During the time that I have been under your command, I have found you prompt, faithful, and vigilant, in the discharge of your duty, looking alone to the good of the service and honor and glory of our country. A strict disciplinarian, you have discharged your duty with ability, and impartiality worthy a great man.
Your exertions as second in command at the great and glorious battle of Buena Vista, moving to and from in every part of the field, watching the movements of the enemy, exposed to danger almost every moment of the day, ordering and disposing of our forces in the best manner to meet and repulse the enemy—and by your exertions, coolness and courage in gaining this victory, you have won laurels and a fame that will endure as long as the traces of American history shall exist. —Hoping that you may live long to enjoy the thanks of a grateful people, I remain, sir, your most obedient and humble servant, Joseph Lane, Brigadier General.
Brig. Gen. Wool,
Commanding forces at Buena Vista, Mexico
[MSM]
REv44i26p2c4 July 30, 1847 General Wool and the Volunteers
We insert below the warm tribute of respect paid by the chief officers of the first Illinois Regiment, and the brave Gen. Lane, of the Indiana Brigade, to Gen Wool, on taking leave of his command at Buena Vista.
It is a triumphant vindication of the sound military policy which this brave and accomplished officer adopted and vigorously pursued is his extraordinary management of the volunteer forces of his army. He has proved, by the result of his own example in the enforcement of discipline and the establishment of a strict but just military police, that volunteers, when properly officered, become the most powerful army that can be brought into the field. They are then taught to acquire the ordinary efficiency of regular soldiers, while they appealed to as citizens, and retain in full vigor that spirit-rousing stimulant of State and National pride, which worked so magically on the battle-ground of Buena Vista.
There is another fact developed, not merely by the immediate tribute of respect to which we call attention, in the general language of the volunteers since the great battle, which we regard as highly auspicious for the service. It is very evident that most of them have changed their views entirely as to the necessity of discipline. —They experienced its benefits in that terrible conflict, and now they appreciate its importance. —What would have been their fate if discipline had been previously disregarded? Their force on the battle field was but 4, 610 of which more than 4, 000 were volunteers, who in the preceding summer, had been organized into the service by General Wool in the respective States of which they were private citizens. They were now surrounded by an army of twenty-four thousand of the best disciplined, the most numerously officered, and the most veteran army ever raised in Mexico. Ten thousand of them with Ampudia had been under fire at Monterey, and there were officers and men who had fought against old Spain, and made civil war their pastime for twenty-five years.
What, we repeat the question, would have been the fate of our brave and devoted little army, if discipline had been neglected? Probably in one house they would have been thrown into confusion, and then, if the sanguinary design of the Suwarrow of Mexico had been carried out, seconded by his licensed assassins, the infuriated lancers—and his Cossacks, the rancheros—who were placed as additional outposts to cut off every straggler, and were all thirsting for blood and plunder, not one man of our heroic band would have survived to tell the tale of horror. It is not surprising, therefore, that we find not only a change of opinion as to the absolute necessity of discipline, but an out-pouring of grateful admiration towards General Wool for his steady determination in enforcing it, and his admirable example in directing it to the best advantage on the field of battle.
But the volunteers, with the exception of one regiment, had never been under fire. He knew that his sole dependence in the hour of trial would be from that self-confiding bravery which discipline alone inspires. Accordingly he had - the moment the army was concentrated at San Antonio in the latter part of August, until (after accomplishing a march of nine hundred miles) he presented them in front of Saltillo on the alarm of General Worth in the latter part of December, and thence up to the very day of battle, directed the whole energies of a long military life to make his column not only the proudest model of an army in all it’s appointments, equipments and supplies, but the best in its discipline and military deportment. In this he did succeed, but it cost him his popularity with many of the volunteers.
They had dreamed not of the hardships of drill and subordination, of ordered discipline, but of the romances of military marches and encampments; and consequently, as the Saltillo Picket Guard in his plain style says, "No General ever had so many curses for so few offenses. " But now how changed is the language of the volunteers: "I take back, " says one of them in an Arkansas paper, "all I have said against Gen. Wool. " "Little as his column liked him before the battle, " says another, "they all now admit that he is a splendid General. " [MSM]
REv44i26p3c1 July 30, 1847 Recruiting Station
Petersburg, Virginia, July 28, 1847.
Having been ordered to this station on recruiting service, to fill up the companies of the Virginia Regiment of Volunteers to the full standard of one hundred men each, I am ready to receive all able-bodied men who desire to join the service. The inducements now offered for volunteering are greater than any that have heretofore been offered. The Regiment is now posted at Buena Vista, in one of the most delightful and healthy countries in the world, where the disorders that have afflicted it for some time are rapidly yielding to the salutary influences of the climate. I am expressly authorized by Colonel Hamtramck to say, that General Taylor’s column—the Virginia Regiment being in the van—will move upon San Luis Potosi as soon as a sufficient additional force shall arrive from the States. The utmost alacrity and energy are therefore enjoined upon the undersigned, and he cannot urge too much promptness and dispatch upon those who desire to join the Regiment of their State. As squads of from ten to fifteen in number are formed here, they will be dispatched to Fortress Monroe, from which place they will be forwarded to the Regiment as rapidly as detachments of about one hundred are there made up.
In proceeding to the Regiment, they will not be subjected to any delay at intermediate posts in the unhealthy country on the Rio Grande. If the volunteer defrays his own expenses to Petersburg, he will receive a communication of seventy-two cents for pay and subsistence, and fifty cents for traveling expenses for every twenty miles of the distance from his residence to his station. His regular pay and allowances will commence from the day he reaches this station, after which time the most ample provisions are made by Government for his comfort and well-being.
Volunteers are advised not to encumber themselves with clothing, as they will be abundantly furnished with the same as soon as they reach Fortress Monroe.
The undersigned will visit as many of the countries South of James River as possible, so soon as he can leave this station with propriety. Ample provisions will be made for the transportation, &c., of those who shall join him in these countries. The provisions made by Government for the soldier are so ample that hi is not under the least necessity of expending any part of his regular monthly pay of $7.
By the 9th section of the act of Congress of the 11th February, 1847, "each non-commissioned officer, musician or private - - - regularly mustered in any volunteer company, for a period of not less that 12 months, who has served or may serve during the present war with Mexico, and who shall receive an honorable discharge, " &c., will be entitled to a warrant for one hundred and sixty acres of land; or he may, at his option, receive Treasury scrip to the amount of one hundred dollars in lieu thereof. By due economy, he may also save $100 of the traveling expenses allowed on his return from Mexico. So that, supposing the war lasts but a year longer, he may, at his discharge, with reasonable economy, have cleared from $200 to $300.
The risk of loss of health in the new _____ of service in which the Virginia Regiment will be engaged the undersigned regards as being less than in this country. The undersigned was ordered to this service without solicitation on his part, and was told on receiving his order, that the utmost zeal and energy would be expected of him. He is required to break up this station on the 1st of October next and report himself forthwith to his regimen; and he calls upon all young men who feel the passion for military distinction to come forward and avail themselves of the opportunity now offered. He promises them that there is every probability they will soon be in the presence of the enemy; and invites all who love glory and their country—all that have the spirit of enterprise and adventure—all who scorn to be rushing in the inglorious inactivity while Taylor and Scott and the brave officers and soldiers under their command ask their aid, to come forward and enlist under the banners of their country.
If he knows the Virginia youth, they will not be satisfied to stay at home
and read in their gazettes the glorious performances of others and not feel
irresistibly prompted to share their tales, their fortunes, and their honors.
[MSM]
REv44i26p4c4 July 30, 1847 The Late Captain Stevens T. Mason
When a good and brave man falls in the cause of his country, the memory his virtues should not die with him, but should be transmitted in posterity as bright examples to excite the emulation and admiration of future generations. To this end, and as a model worthy of imitation, we give a brief sketch of the life of Capt. Stevens Thomas Mason.
Captain Mason was born at Selma, Loudoun County, Virginia, on the 22d of January, 1818. He was the only child of the late and much lamented Armistead T. Mason, and was very little more than one year old when that great man fell in a duel. After the death of his father, the sole care and education of young Mason devolved on his widowed mother, who faithfully discharged that difficult and delicate trust, and instilled into his youthful mind those high and ennobling principles of honor, morally and integrity, which shone so conspicuously in all the actions of his after life.
Gifted by nature with a strong and vigorous intellect, Capt. Mason was destined to occupy no ordinary station in any of the pursuits of life which he might have selected. Regarding the law as the high road to fame, he adopted it as his profession; but being prevented, by an hereditary weakness of he eyes, from giving it that application which was necessary to insure eminence and arrive at distinction, he soon abandoned the study, and devoted his time and energies to agricultural pursuits. It was at this time, too, that he took an active and zealous part in the politics of the day, and even established, at his individual expense, a Democratic press, in the strongest and most uncompromising Federal district in the State of Virginia.
Although he was an ardent and unwavering advocate of the great principles of Democracy, and fearless in expressing his opinion on all the prominent political question of the country, yet no one possessed in a higher degree the respect and confidence of his political opponents, who constituted a very large majority of the citizens of Loudoun.
In February, 1843, he led to the hymenial altar the lovely and interesting Sallie J. Forbes. Youngest daughter of Murray Forbes, Esq., of Falmouth; and by this happy union the cup of his earthly bliss was completely filled. But a mysterious though wise Providence had ordained that this happiness should be of short duration—and in the brief period of six months from his marriage he was called on to mourn the death of his lovely and beloved wife. Though no one ever felt more deeply and acutely such a loss, yet he bore it with his usual and becoming fortitude.
About this time, having become involved in serious pecuniary embarrassments, both on his own and others account, he was obliged to dispose of his splendid estate, and was thus reduced from wealth and affluence to comparative poverty. Yet, in these trying situation, through all the ordeals which he had to pass, Captain Mason remained the same, and his honor and his integrity, so far from being impeached, were above suspicion. Malignly itself could fix no stain on his character, and was reluctantly compelled to acknowledge its brightness and purity.
In the Spring of ’45, through the interference of friends, without his own application, he received the appointment of military store-keeper at the Washington Arsenal. This, although a lucrative and comparatively an easy post, yet a illy suited with his aspiring and ambitious news, he resigned, after having held it for the space of one year. The bill for raising a regiment & mounted riflemen having, about this time, passed Congress, he procured from the President of the United States the appointment of Captain in that newly raised regiment.
Immediately of receiving his commission, he applied himself energetically to recruiting his company, and was the first Captain in that whole regiment who reported his company ready for service. Instead of Oregon, which was the original destination of the mounted riflemen, he was ordered to join the army in Mexico, where he arrived soon after the battle of Monterey. He remained with General Taylor until the bombardment of Vera Cruz was determined on by the Administration, when, together with most of the regular army, he was ordered to join Major General Scott. His first engagement was before Vera Cruz, where a skirmish took place between the rifles and a body of Mexican lancers, in which the Mexicans, though far superior in umbers, were repulsed with considerable loss.
His cool courage and daring intrepidity on this occasion was for him the admiration of his commanding officer. His next engagement was in the hard fought and warmly contested fight of Cerro Gordo, where, while gallantly leading on his men, his left leg was carried off by a cannon ball, and he was obliged to be borne from the scene of action. The conduct of Captain Mason on this occasion indulged the hope, that it would not prove fatal, and, indeed, until a few days previous to his death there was every prospect of a speedy recovery; but, in consequence of absorption of matter by the lungs, his case assumed a more dangerous aspect, and justly excited the fears and apprehensions of his friends for the worst.
When apprised of his situation, the same tranquility and fortitude which had characterized him through life, attended him in his trying hour. He spoke with composure of his approaching end, and after having made a disposition of some articles to his particular friends, he met the King of Terrors with calmness and resignation. Thus died, on the 15th of May, 1847, this high toned, chivalric and brace officer, at the early age of 29—not until, however, he had established a character for courage, honor and integrity and had endeared himself to a large number of admiring and devoted friends
The public and unfeigned manifestation of feeling and sympathy, and their
unanimous vote of a sword to him, so soon as they heard of his misfortune
at the battle of Cerro Gordo, proved much more forcibly than words can
express the high estimation in which he was held by the citizens of his
native county. And, subsequently, when his death was made known, the universal
regret which pervaded the community in which he had lived, and the prompt
and active measure taken to bring to the land of his birth his remains, show that he will long live enshrined in their memories, and his name will
ever be associated with what is good, brave and honorable. It is designed, we learn, as soon as practicable, to bring his remains in his native country
and have them interred in the cemeteries of the Episcopal Church, at Leesburg, in the same vault and by the side of his beloved wife and distinguished
father.
[MSM]
REv44i26p4c5 July 30, 1847 The Wilmot Proviso and Colonel Benton
Messrs. Editors: Your semi-weekly paper of 22d June contains long extracts from a speech of Colonel Benton of Missouri, recently delivered at Jefferson city. The readers of the Enquirer will regret that the speech in full, with some voucher for its authenticity, is not laid before them. The topics touched upon, of "continental American" interest—Colonel Benton being the speaker will excite a lively curiosity to see every thing he has said, particularly when it is ascertained that, contrary to his wont, he is defining his position of the chief questions of the day, and with regard to the most delicate and important of them, taking a stand, in opposition to what was supposed to be the undivided sentiment of the South. I allude, of course, to the Wilmot Proviso business, and have taken up the pen rather with the hope of drawing pubic attention to this great subject, than with any intention of splintering a lance against he great Missourian.
The Colonel says: "A new slavery question has sprung up; one which discarding the old ground of defence and compromise, goes for propagandism in its most unqualified form, and to the most remote and Northern territories of the Union. It is a test which our Northern friends—all the citizens of the North who are willing to let things remain as they are—cannot stand. Those citizens have done well; they have greatly quieted and softened down the abolition agitation; they have helped us (us indeed!) through the Texas annexation, although that question was pushed at them by the Tyler cabinet in a way to revolt them, purely and simply as a slavery extension question, to give the Slave States mastery over the Free ones; they have just assisted in admitting Florida into the Union, without a struggle and without the agitation of a Missouri question; and they are now assisting with men and money to carry to successful conclusion the Mexican war; although taunted with question as repugnant to the feelings as they are unnecessary, gratuitous and premature. "
Now, sires, if, as I believe, you told us truly that Mr. Botts is unsafe on the Wilmot Proviso, what say you to Col. Benton? God only reads the heart, and we cannot know what motive He sees for this willful blindness to, or perversion of the truth. Is there in the resolutions offered by Mr. Calhoun in the U.S. Senate, or in those passed by the Legislature of Virginia, or in Mr. Seddon’s speech on this subject, one drop of the spirit of propagandism?
On the contrary, were not the circumstances (which Mr. Benton wholly misrepresents) such as to show clearly that they were designed solely to repel the propagandist, who presented himself in the H. of Representatives in the form of a resolution, passed by our Northern friends, (Mr. Wilmot and Mr. Winthrop, I suppose, )declaring in effect that he citizens of the slave States are not entitled to equal right with those of the free; and that in any territory there after acquired they should not enjoy such rights? Did not Mr. Seddon (I use his name because it comes first to mind) spring indignantly to his feet because he felt that a blow had been aimed at him? And, yet, Col. Benton coolly tells the people of Missouri that "our Northern friends" have "greatly quieted and softened down the abolition agitation. "
And that the warm anti-Wilmot men are propagandists. Growing still more gross in his misstatements, he next tells his people that the Tyler cabinet pushed annexation at these Northern friends, purely as a sectional question, "to give the slave States mastery over the free ones!" Childlike simplicity! The Tyler cabinet asked the North to furnish a stick, explaining that the use to be made of it was to break the said North’s head!
Not a line was ever penned by that cabinet which did not, whilst urging annexation as essential to the South, demonstrate its high importance to the North. All the Southern press took that ground. Look to the files the Enquirer, and see with what vigor the measure was sustained, as calculated still further to promote the manufactures and commerce which have given to the North her power, and queenly beauty clothed in purple and fine linen. So far as the question assumed a sectional cast we were forced into that position by the wicked schemes and arguments of those who are now proclaimed by Col. Benton to be famously fine fellows; because the did not raise a Missouri question on the admission of Florida, and because they have not gotten up another Hartford Convention about the Mexican war, notwithstanding their inability, so far, to secure more than their share of "the spoils" all of which they endeavored to snatch beforehand.
There are other opinions and views expressed by the Colonel, beside those
thus briefly alluded to, that he wishes "our friends" to regard him as a
Southern man with Northern feelings. " He tells us, for instance, notwithstanding
much talk about he impolicy of introducing a party organization, founded upon
geographical lines, that the presentation of the next Presidential candidate
of the party does belong to a particular section. Louisa, June, 1847.
[MSM]
REv44i26p4c6 July 30, 1847 Naval
After the U.S. Frigate Raritan dropped down to the bite of Craney Island on the 24th inst., her crew was immediately transferred to the Vandalia, which had preceded her to that anchorage. We are happy to say, that since the sick were sent to the U.S. Naval Hospital, there has been no sickness on board. We understand that orders were received here on Saturday for the immediate equipment of the frigate Brandywine, destined for the coast of Brazil, as the flag ship of Com. Storer. Such portion of the crews of the Raritan and of the Potomac, as have further time to serve, are to be transferred to the Brandywine, which is expected to sail during the month of August. (Norfolk Beacon) [MSM]
REv44i26p4c5 July 30, 1847 Stinging Rebuke
A correspondent of the Steubenville (Ohio) Union, writing from Buena Vista, holds the following language:
"It grieves us to the hear to see so many of the American Press giving "aid and comfort" the enemy, but it gratifies us to see that they do not belong to the Democracy.
"I tell you, it stirs the blood of those who have sacrificed every comfort, endured every hardship, and are now in the field of battle for their country’s honor and to see its citizens justified, when the publications of their fellow-citizens justified, when the publications of their fellow-citizens denounce them as banditti in the worst sense of the term, and deny that the war is either justified by the laws of God or man—they are of the Tories of old; a second edition of the Blue Light Feds. Our term of service will soon have expired, and then we will return home to battle with those men at the ballot box. To maintain our libety. " [MSM]
August
Tuesday, August 3, 1845, REi27p1c2 words: 327
Interesting Scene
We devote
much of our space this morning to striking incidents at the celebration of
Independence Day at Monterey. To hear the glorious sentiments of the
Declaration re-echoed through the splendid palaces of debased and infatuated
Mexico, would, under any circumstances, be an extraordinary scene- but
this spectacle at Monterey, must have been eminently impressive.
The orator was one who had shone in the civil councils of his country, and had left behind him the comforts and luxuries of home, to share the perils
and hardships of battle, in support of the noble principles which he so eloquently
depicted and enforced. His auditory was truly one worthy of such an
orator and such a theme. Around the venerable hero of the war, whose
praises are on every one’s lips, were collected many of the gallant soldiers
who had participated in the thrilling achievements of the war, and others, zealous and eager to follow their bright example, in upholding the flag of
their country. What more fitting audience, than those who were prepared, at the peril of life and health, to sustain the honor and interest of
the Republic, and to vindicate with their blood the glorious principles
which have conducted our people to their present height of prosperity and
fame! But we designed to make no comments on the remarkable scene.
Our sole object was to invite attention to the attractive details.
The remarks of Gen. Cushing are in his best style of classic and glowing
eloquence- and Gen. Taylor’s response, though brief, is marked with his usual
good taste and proper feeling. The whole scene must have been full
of interest, and must have impressed the Mexicans with the beauty and
genial influence of rational liberty, established and kept alive by
men, who are worthy to be free. May such a moral influence gradually
extend over and bless the Republic with which we are now at war, through
the madness of her military tyrant.
[JM]
Tuesday, August 3, 1845, REi27p1c2 words: 3, 040
Fourth of July at Monterey
The celebration is over, and without any accident, a rare thing for a Fourth of July, and everything went off pleasantly and agreeably to all concerned. The morning of the 5th was cloudy and portended rain, but the bright sun soon dispelled the heavy mist that clung to the mountain’s side, and ere noon the heavens were as clear and bright as a lovely woman’s smile. Early in the forenoon the American ensign was displayed from the Governor’s quarters and the Spanish flag from the residence of the Spanish consul nearly opposite. The live companies of Massachusetts volunteers were assembled, all but the guard, with the colors of the regiment presented them by the Governor of their State, and a little after 9 o’clock they formed and marched out towards Camp Taylor. An American flag borne by a citizen was carried near the regimental colors. Col. Wright and the members of the regimental staff, and others, preceded the regiment, and on the road received the marching salute. At Camp Taylor all was ready; under the wide-spread awning in front of Gen. Taylor’s tent were the brave old hero and the members of his staff and the officers attached to the forces stationed at camp. On the right of the awning the soldiers of Maj. Bragg’s Light Artillery were drawn up in line, on the left the 2d Dragoons, and in front the Massachusetts regiment. As soon as the latter had formed into line, Gen. Cushing made his appearance, and Gen. Taylor and his officers all rose. Gen. Cushing then proceeded to address him as follows:
“General- The veteran officers and soldiers whom you have so many times led on to victory and to tame- those yet untired in the field, who ardently long for the day when your voice shall bid them also tread triumphantly in the same noble path of honor and of duty- and others your fellow citizens present, who, though not called to fight the battles of their country, are not the less animated with the same devoted love towards her which we feel- have desired on this anniversary of our separate existence as a sovereign people, to present their respectful salutations to you, as the official representative here of the power and authority of the United States.
“We come to rejoice with you on this day of glorious memories; in the prosperity and greatness of our country, and to rekindle in our hearts the sacred fire of patriotism by remembering together the virtues and the sacrifices of our wise and brave forefathers, who have transmitted to us the splendid heritage of the land hallowed by their blood, of the institutions they founded, of their own immortal names.
“It is, indeed, a day never forgotten by an American; for whether in the home of our affections and interests, surrounded by all that is dearest to the human heart, or on the broad expanse of the fathomless ocean, or wandering over some far distant land, on this anniversary, wherever we may be, our thoughts are turned spontaneously to the same point, as truly as the needle to the pole, as devoutly as the Muslem to his holy Mecca.
“And well it is for us that it is so, since no warmth of gratitude is intense enough to be commensurate with the debt of thankfulness we owe to our patriot sires, no language of eloquence is powerful enough to express adequately the emotions of pride which our country’s career awakens- no homage of the soul is profound enough render due adoration to that gracious Providence which has continued to guide and to guard the destinies of the Union.
Meanwhile let us be just to the memory of our fathers, and just to ourselves in the measure of regard which we bestow on this day.
“Men who have but superficially studied the history of the United States are accustomed to speak of this day as the anniversary of our emancipation from bondage, and vague ideas of that vaguest of all things, called liberty are attached to the very name of our national independence. But the people of the United States were never in a state of bondage. The war of the revolution was not a war for liberty. On the contrary, it was but a struggle in arms to determine whether the two great subdivisions of the British race, one inhabiting Europe, and the other inhabiting America, and both equally free, should continue to constitute a single empire, or whether they should be reconstituted separately into two independent empires. The God of Battles decided that we, the American Colonies, were as competent for independent self-government as the mother country; and England with that practical good sense which distinguished her from other nations, manfully acquiesced in the decision which split her power asunder, and gave to us separate dominion in America.
“And the mysterious order of Providence seems to have predestined the American to surpass the European subdivision of the original empire, for, of that high-minded, bold-hearted and strong-handed British race, which, wheresoever it appears, appears but to command, the more numerous part will ere long be found in America; and the British Isles have already reached that fatal term in the history of nations when their native land can no longer feed its sons; while the people of the United States are still expanding with a rapidity and strength of possession which defies calculation, over the rich virgin soils of the New World.
“This reflection acquires new force from the circumstances under which we this day meet- a conquering American army, here, in the heart of the Mexican Republic, in sight of the captured redoubts and heights of Monterey, amid the venerable trees, and by the side of these living waters of the wood of San Domingo, which, occupied by you, general, and your victorious troops, has acquired a place in history as enduring as poetry ever gave to the fountain of Vaucluse, or eloquence to the grove of Academus.
“Yes, millions of men will have assembled today within the broad limits of the United States, to do honor to the traditions of the Revolution, to ponder on the excellent beauty of the Federal Constitution, to congratulate one another on the happy condition of our country, and to look forward with inquisitive eye into the sublime future of the American Republic. They will call to mind the names of the stricken fields of that first war of independence, which vindicated our national rights on the land- of that second war of independence which vindicated our national rights on the sea, and of the heroes who illustrated each but while Bunker Hill, and Saratoga, and Yorktown, and New Orleans will not be forgotten. Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey, Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, and Cerro Gordo will yet more.
“Be in their flowing cups freely remembered, ”
and earth and sky will re-echo with shouts of enthusiasm at the mention of the names of Scott and Taylor, and of the brave men who, under their lead, have borne the banner of the Union in triumph over the wild plains and through the mountain passes of Mexico.
“But we, assembled in this grander than all human temples, the outspread sky of the bright firmament of heaven, treading with our own teet that conquered savannahs of New Leon, surrounded by that lofty Sierra, which rises on either hand, as though placed by Nature to be the boundaries of empires, we, I say, can best appreciate, with the sober but strong conviction of the palpable reality, how vast are the strides which the United States have made in greatness, since the day, not yet remote, when we were humble colonies; scattered in a narrow line along the shores of the Atlantic, until now, when we have swarmed across the great central valley of the continent, have struck over to the shores of the Pacific, and, unembarrassed by the burden of a foreign war, which has already given to us the possession of two-thirds of Mexico, are yet able, from the superabundance of our overflowing prosperity, to nourish at will the starving nations of the Old World.
“Honor then to the bold hearts, who, on the great day whose anniversary we celebrate, dared to comprehend their country’s capabilities, and to proclaim it independent! Honor to the heroes and the sages who have conducted it so gloriously on to our times! Honor to the statemen whose vigorous hands at this time so ably and successfully administer to Government! Honor to the generous-minded people of our county, who feely send forth their sons to fight her battles in this foreign land! Honor to the brave soldiers who live to enjoy the renown they have so nobly earned in the battle-field! Honor above all to the gallast men who fell in the hour of their country’s triumph, whose blood was the sacrificial incense of victory, and who, though dead, yet live immortal in the affectionate memory of their countrymen!
“We trust and believe that our brethren in arms, whom Scott has been leading in triumph from Vera Cruz to Puebla, will celebrate this day in the capital of the Mexican Republic, and on the side of the great teocalli of the Aztecs. - And if Mexico shall then continue in the blind obstinacy of her fatal infatuation, and still refuse the proffers of peace which the President of the United States, with honorable solicitude to terminate the evils of war, has at all times been ready to conclude, - then we look to you, sir, in the undoubting confidence of perfect faith in your generalship, your wisdom, your courage, and your fortune, to conduct us in similar triumph along that lofty table and before our eyes, and to complete, on the plains of the Bajio, that which you so gloriously commenced on those of the Rio Grande, namely, the total subjugation of New Spain.
“Once more, general, in the name and as the humble instrument of your fellow soldiers and fellow citizens, whom you see before you, I tender to you their felicitations on the occasion of this auspicious anniversary, with sentiments of admiration for the high achievements which have marked your life, of deep respect for you personally, and of the sincerest aspirations for your future happiness and honor in whatever else of danger or duty you may hereafter be called to by the providence of an all-wise God. ”
Gen. Taylor, who had listened with great attention to the remarks of General C., and evidently powerfully affected by the mention of his name, briefly but feelingly responded as follows:
“General- In reply to you eloquent and complimentary allusions to the services of that army under my command, I can only briefly express my thanks and those of the brave men of my command, to whose exertions and gallantry alone our successes are due. For myself, I can claim no merit beyond that of sharing and encountering danger with them. You have traced up and depicted in most faithful colors the rapid progress of our country form the commencement to its present condition of greatness and prosperity- occupying the front rank in the nations of the world. The existing war may show the world that in great national enterprises and interests we are firm and untied- and that the flower of our country, without distinction of party, is always ready to vindicate the national honor on the battle field. Should it be our lot to resume offensive operations on this line, I shall move with ever confidence in the gallantry and success of the forces. I have but little doubt that those who have but recently come into the field, and have not been able to participate in active service as yet, will distinguish themselves as greatly as those who have gone before. That thousands of volunteers who have, may of them, been brought up in affluence, have left their pursuits and comfortable homes, to encounter the hardships of an active campaign, is a sufficient guaranty that the rights and honor of our country will always be maintained. ”
A general shaking of heads and congratulations here took place for some moments, after which Col. Wright, of the Massachusetts volunteers, by invitation, read the declaration of Independence. The company then partook of a substantial lunch, provided by the hospitable commander, who had a smile and a pleasant word for all and seemed happy in being able to make others so. He was dressed in undress uniform, and looked a little more like the brave old hero that he is, and a little less like the plain unaffected country gentleman- a very little- than I have [. . . illegible . . . ]
… and before the sound of the last gun had died away, the booming of cannon from the black fort seemed to echo back the salute.
About 3 o’clock Gen. Taylor and staff with an escort of dragoons came into town, and with General Cushing and the officers of the Massachusetts Regiment proceeded to Arista’s garden or Arista’s house I should say, where a table was spread in the broad corridor opening in to the garden with its bright green shrubs, its crimson rose bushes covered with fragrant flowers, its well kept walks, and the gurgling stream that meanders through it. The smell of the bright gems of nature’s handwork were not more pleasing than the odor which arose form the savory viands prepared for immediate consumption. Every one was surprised at the profusion of good things and the variety that was placed upon the table, all owing to the exertions of Capt. Glover, a merchant residing here for some years, one of the committee of arrangements, whose peculiar province it was to see that nothing should be waiting. He performed his duty to perfection. Claret, Madeira, and Champagne in abundance served to give zest to the repast and aid in the sentimental expressions of feeling.
When the substantials had been discussed and removed, Gen. Cushing, who presided at the head of the table, with Gen. Taylor on his right, arose, and after some remarks complimentary to the committee of arrangements for the faithful manner in which they had cared for their guests, proceeded to announce the following regular toasts, which I think you will admit are better than regular set toasts generally are:
1. The Day we Celebrate: As dear to us in a strange clime and in the midst of war as when welcomed at our peaceful homes.
2. The President of the United States.
3. The Memory of Washington: Brightening with time, all nations will at last behold and admire its lustre.
4. The Army and the Volunteers of the United States: They have conquered all but peace.
5. The Navy of the United States: With amphibious facility, finding no enemy on the waters, it has constantly sought and successfully encountered him on the land.
6. The Constituiton: May it ever be administered in the spirit which controlled its first formation.
7. The surviving Heroes of the Revolution: Length of days has been vouchsafed to them that they might behold the marvelous results of their youthful toils. All honor to their venerable names!
8. Our Brethren in Arms at the South: The have lighted their paths with a ablaze of victories.
9. Mexico: Blessed with a genial clime and the physical elements of greatness and power, she is a prey to civil strife and bad government; may the influence of wise rulers and free institutions restore her to her proper rank among the nations of the earth.
10. “The Spirit of ’76: It burns as brightly among the mountains of Mexico as of old at Trenton. ‘Skies, not souls, they change who cross the sea!’
11. The Mexican War: Waged to secure an honorable and a lasting peace, may such be its early consummation.
12. The Illustrious Dead: From Palo Alto to Cerro Gordo every field is consecrated by the sacrifice of gallant spirits; a sympathizing country yields spontaneous and grateful homage to their memory.
13. The American Fair: Worthy descendants of the women of the Revolution; their hearts and prayers are with those who uphold their country’s cause in a foreign land.
These sentiments were all drunk with the strongest testimonials of admiration, and all was harmony. About seventy persons, including a number of citizens, partook of the repast.
Volunteer toast being called for, Lieutenant Crowningshield of the Massachusetts Regiment gave:
Andrew Jackson: Sacred be his memory. (Drink standing, in silence. )
Lieutenant Fuller, of the Massachusetts Volunteers, gave:
“General Taylor: We hail him as the next President. May his civil be as brilliant as his military career. ” (This sentiment was drunk with three times three. )
General Taylor rose to respond to his sentiment and said:
“Mr. President and Gentlemen: I have never had the vanity to aspire to, or look for that elevated situation which has just been alluded to, but if my fellow countrymen think proper to elevate me to so distinguished and honorable a position, I certainly shall do my best to discharge the duties of that responsible position faithfully. But if any other candidate is preferred and offered who may be more competent than myself, I need not to say that I shall acquiesce most cheerfully in their decision, and shall rejoice that there is one more worthy to represent them in the highest effice in their gift. ”
He then gave as a toast:
“The State of Massachusetts and the City of Boston: The place where our liberties were cradled; whose sons have borne so conspicuous a part in the establishment and maintenance of the principles of our independence and the constitution, and have gallantly maintained the same by sea and land. ”
Col. Wright responded:
“Massachusetts
and the city of Boston; it is my native State and my native city, and the
State where many of us who have been complimented this day were born.
We have just received a compliment, and a great one, form the commanding
general. Massachusetts has heretofore done her part; her name
reads well; her star shines brightly in the national galaxy. In former
times she was known well and did well. She then held,
[JM]
Tuesday, August 3, 1845, REi27p1c2 words: 511
The Battle of Huajutla
Gentlemen: Considerable excitement has existed in this city for the past two weeks, is relation to the detention by General Garay, at the town of Guautla (pronounce Wahootla) 140 miles from here, of one hundred and eighty Americans, who were recently liberated in the City of Mexico and sent towards this city with a small escort. They are those who were taken last February at Encarnacion. The renowned General Garay, in true Mexican style, pretended that their passports were not correct, and that he would be under the necessity of detaining them at Guautla, until he could hear from his Government.
Six of them made their escape, and arrived in safety in this city, and immediately communicated the above facts to our Governor, Gates.
An expedition was fitted out on the 8th instant by order of Colonel Gates, and the command of it given to Colonel De Russy, of the Louisiana regiment. The expedition consisted of one hundred and twenty men, and one six-pound field piece- forty men third artillery, commanded by Captain Wyse- forty dragoons, mounted on trained mustang horses, and commanded by Captain Boyd and Lieutenant Tannehill, late of the Baltimore battalion- and forty mounted more from the Louisiana regiment, commanded by Captains Mace and Seguine- Lieutenants Lindenburger, Campbell and Heimberger, of the Louisiana regiment, accompanied the expedition to act in such capacities as might be required.
Their march for four days was uninterrupted, passing through the towns of Pueblo Viejo, Tampico-Alto, Ozuania [sic] and Taantcycca [sic], in all of which the people made professions of friendship and had got within seven miles of Guautla, eight miles beyond the last mentioned town, and one mile from Rio Calabasa. Here the colonel met an Indian, who informed him that a large force of Mexicans, under the command of Garay, had heard of his approach, and was in ambush on both sides of the river. Col. De Russy immediately dispatched Lieut. Lindenburger, acting Adjutant, with an order to halt the column (advanced guard) under command of Capt. Boyd. The Captain had halted at the river for the purpose of watering his horses, and while in that act, he received a destructive fire from an unseen enemy. As I said before, the horses were all mustangs, and at the report of the musketry they became unmanageable, threw most of the riders and created great confusion. Capt. Boyd dashed across the river, followed by his Lieutenant and six men. In crossing the Captain was shot in the head, and of course died on reaching the opposite shore. Three of the men were also killed. All this took place before Lieut. Lindenburg reached him. The remainder succeeded in re-crossing the river, and joined the main body. - Thus fell one of the bravest and finest men that ever lived.
On hearing the report of the musketry from the opposite bank of the river, the Mexicans concealed on this side, commenced firing on the main body of the expedition from every side, when Captain Wyne came gallantly into action with his [. . . illegible . . . ] [JM]
Tuesday, August 3, 1845, REi27p1c2 words: 349
News from the South
We publish in another column all relating to our military operations in Mexico which we can glean form our exchanges. Our readers will know as well as we do what importance to attach to the rumor that the Mexican Government has appointed commissioners to meet Mr. Trist of Texmeluca, in order to . . . for peace between the two republics. No one can tell with any degree of certainty the influence exercised by the city of Mexico over the people of that nation, and consequently cannot foresee the effect which the danger that capital it is, from the armies of the United State, may exert in producing a speedy peace. Reinforcements are pouring in to General Scott. Generals Cadwallader and Pillow, it seems, from last accounts, had already joined him, and Gen. Pierre had started from Vera Cruz with the same object. When our forces are united, even the Mexican rulers must see that their capital is at our mercy. The certainty that they could possibly assemble may have induced them to appoint commissioners to treat with Mr. Trist. On the other hand, the selfish councils which have heretofore swayed Mexican politicians and Mexican Generals, may lead them madly to hold on to the last and oppose the march of Gen. Scott, although they have no idea of success. They may be willing to see their great city stormed, their soldiers slaughtered, and the horrors of war brought home to hem, in order that their hopeless and hypocritical efforts may in the future tend to their advancement, and place in their hands the power to oppress and ruin the Mexican people.
The same arrival which brings the rumor above-mentioned, informs us of another brilliant exploit of our troops- an exploit which reflects high credit on the American arms, although no battery was taken or fortress stormed. Nothing can try the best qualities of a soldier- his courage, discipline and endurance—more than a retreat before overwhelming numbers through a hostile country. The exploit of Colonel De Russey, in cutting his way out of the pass… (illegible) [JM]
Tuesday, August 3, 1845, REi27p1c2 words: 235
Discussion in Brunswick
Mr. Editor, - It was our pleasure, yesterday, to heat the discussion at this place, between Meade and Bolling.
Mr. Bolling opened with a . . . upon the virtues and ability of the late Gen. Dromgoole. Of course this was intended for “Bunkum. ” He then passed to the Mexican War, and the next Presidency- declaring his preference for Gen. Taylor, whether he be Whig or Democrat.
Mr. Meade commenced his reply by alluding to the Eulogy upon Gen. Dromgoole. After making a tribute to the exalted worth and public services of that great and lamented man, which, for beauty and touching pathos, has rarely been equaled, - he said, that he would dismiss the subject- that he did no think it a fit occasion, in the mele of a political discussion, to mingle the recollections of the dead with the strifes of the living.
Mr. Meade then asked why his opponent had changed his mode of warfare?
Why had he abandoned the ground which he took in every other county in the
district? Why was he (Mr. M. ) not charged with inconsistencies here, as he had been elsewhere? Why was not every letter which he wrote, and
every toast which he gave when acting with the Whigs, paraded before
the people of Brunswick? Was it because he was in the county in which
he was born and reared? Was it because he was among those who had[. . . illegible
. . . ]
[JM]
Tuesday, August 3, 1845, REi27pc words: 74
Volunteers for Mexico
One of the two Companies required, will be mustered into the service of the United States at Richmond on the first day of August- another on the 15th. The first Company is nearly filled; the second is expected from the south-west. All who are desirous to join are requested to report to me as soon as possible. Quarters and subsistence are provided for them.
By command.
WM. H. RICHARDSON, A. G.
[JM]Tuesday, August 3, 1845, REi27pc words: 1, 394
Miscellaneous
Gen. Taylor’s Pleasure Trip
I have just learned that a party is to start for below early to-morrow morning, of which opportunity I shall avail myself and will endeavor to give you an account of Gen. Taylor’s trip to Mamalequi, the plantation of Gen. Arista. I apprised you in my last that he was to make an excursion, and of my intention of making one of the party.
It was quite refreshing to see the old General mounted on his horse on Wednesday morning, the 7th inst., surrounded by the members of his staff, about to leave the monotony of his camp, to enjoy himself for a few days- a gratification he has denied himself till now. Gen. Cushing and his aid-de-camp accompanied the expedition, escorted by a dozen dragoons. We took the road to Salinas, which lies in a direction a little north of east, about twenty miles from Monterey, and passed through the village of San Nichcolas de las Casas, a flourishing little place for Mexico, of some considerable extent, six miles from Monterey. At this town they raise considerable corn and vegetables for the Monterey market. We left camp at noon and arrived at Salinas about 5 o’clock in the afternoon, where the alcalde received the general and party with every demonstration of respect, invited him into his courtroom, and treated him to figs and unripe watermelons. I do not mean to speak slightingly of this treat, because it was evidently “the best he had at the shop. ”
Salinas, once a flourishing town, but now going fast to decay, is situated upon the northern bank of the Rio Salinas, a pretty formidable stream that rises near Parras and empties into the San Juan. It is very brackish and hardly drinkable, but it is all the inhabitants have to depend upon, as they have no wells in the city- carrying out the national trait of the country to “leave well alone. ” The town contains about 700 inhabitants and a very well conditioned alcalde. Sugar is the principal source of revenue; but owing to the saline qualities of the water, the sugar is of an inferior quality. A small amount of rice is also raised, but no more corn than to suffice for the consumption of the inhabitants. - There are several very thriving little rancheaderos on this stream at different points. I beg you will not attempt to look on the map for this stream, for it has a dozen different names, and probably is not noted, the Mexican custom being to give streams a fresh name for every town they pass.
We encamped upon the southern bank of the river for the night, and in the evening some of the party attended a fandango get up for their amusement in the town. It was the first I ever attended, and rather a dull affair, very few senoritas being present. On the 8th, by sunrise, we struck our tents, crossed the salt river and arrived at Mamalequi about noon.
Arista’s haciendla is situated upon or near the Rio Pecacho, and at the foot of a spur of the Sierra, in a northeasterly direction form Monterey, about twelve miles from Salinas, and from a distance has quite the appearance of a baronial estate. His plantation is a very extensive one comprising fourteen square leagues; but miles of it are useless, low chaparral, only relieved by the tall Spanish bayonet plant, which bristles up in every direction. Arista purchased the place about four years ago from a lady residing in the city of Mexico for $35, 000, and has since expended about 40, 000 dollars in improving it. There is a very fine sugar and saw mill upon it; the motive power of which, is water of course. The dam across the river, forming the hill pond, is a very solid piece of mason work, and was estimated in the bill of sale at 14, 000 dollars. The estate is managed by an administrator, who has under him an overseer. There are about ninety men and boys, peons, upon the place, and as many women and girls, all of whom are [. . . illegible . . . ] for life, as are all peons in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, and quite as bad off as slaves, in your section of the country- worse even, as when they become past work, their landlord is not compelled to support them, and this duty devolving upon their relative, serves to bind them the firmer.
I am afraid Arista does not find agriculture quite as profitable as the profession of [. . . illegible . . . ]; for, according to the account we received from the overseer, the profits of the estate are little or nothing. The nominal wages of the peons is from two to ten dollars per month, but as they are compelled to purchase every article they consume, and all their clothing, from the proprietor of the estate, every month falls them deeper in debt. Two crops of corn are raised, and twenty-four fanegas of seed is the usual amount planted. The yield is generally one hundred fold, which would make the annual crop of 2400 fanegas or 5600 bushels. Of this but little is sold off the estate, as it is the principle article of food. The crop of beans, which is also one of the “standbys” is estimated at 800 farnegas-2200 bushels. There are about a thousand head of cattle on the estate, and a few sheep and goats- but as one [. . . illegible . . . ] is generally killed nearly every day, the sale off the estate is very small- not more than twenty-five a year. The cane crop is as yet small, but more land is dedicated to its cultivation every year, and it must soon yield a handsome profit. At present not more than 40 arrobas (1000 pounds) of sugar are made in the year, but of a good quality. A small amount of rice of a fair quality is also raised. By far the greatest source of profit is the lumber, some portions of this extensive domain being heavily timbered with pine. The growth of cotton has been attempted, but without any decided success.
The administrator and overseer came out to meet Gen. Taylor and offer him the hospitalities of the place, and we encamped about half a mile from the main building, under the shade of some pecan trees. The residence of Arista is spacious and very strongly built with walls three feet thick loop-holed for musketry. It is constructed of the large sun-dried brick, succeed and whitewashed and better adapted for comfort than almost any house I have been in. These brick, which are about a foot square and four or five inches thick, are made by the peons for a bit and a half (… y media) a hundred- by those of the place for three-bits a hundred.
I have said that we encamped near the main-building, and under the cool shade of the pecato we remained tranquil during the rest of the day. The statistical information which I have given was imparted to Gen. Taylor- who takes the liveliest interest in every thing pertaining to agriculture, and is anxious to obtain all the information relative to the produce of the country- by the administrator. In the evening this functionary, who is a young man born on the estate, invited the General and party to a fandango, and much to his satisfaction evidently it was accepted. As soon as it wa