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July 1845
REv42n16c6p1
July 1, 1845 Magnetic Printing Telegraph
A printer allows for the better efficiency of the telegraph in
regards to transmission of information over the telegraph lines.
REv42n16c1-2p2
July 1, 1845 Editorial
Editorial by George Dallas about how the death of Jackson will
help to catalyze the support for the Oregon territory and that his
death should be a reminder to continue expansionism.
REv42n16c5p2
July 1, 1845Navy Department - Orders &c.
Information regarding service orders for Navy personnel in
the Richmond area.
REv42n16c4p3 July 1,
1845 War
Article concerning the involvement of the British in the conflict
with the Mexicans and that the British involvement would mainly focus
on the areas of Oregon and California.
REv42n17c1-2p2
July 4, 1845 Patriotic Spirit and Refined Taste
Editorial from the Boston Morning Post pertaining to their
view that Texas was a wasted expense and that such actions could justifiably
provoke secession.
REv42n17c4p2
July 4, 1845 This Glorious Day
News out of New Orleans proclaimed by the Democrats regarding
the decision of Texas to be annexed to the United States.
REv42n17c5p2 July 4, 1845 Disgraceful Sentiments
Editorial article bashing the Whigs over their apparent lack
of support for the issue of Texas among many other issues that the
Democrats see as disgraceful.
REv42n17c1p3
July 4, 1845 Marine Journal
Information pertaining the arrivals and departures out of the
Richmond port.
REv42n18c7p1
July 8, 1845 From Mexico
News report of the Gulf Squadron being sent into the Gulf of
Mexico to protect interests should a conflict result.
REv42n18c5p2
July 8, 1845 If it's you, Captain Scott, Don't Shoot I'll Come Down
Editorial by the Enquirer slamming the Whig and other newspapers
for their lack of support for the Texas annexation issue. c1p2
REv42n18 July
8, 1845 Mr. Shannon
Report from the ex-minister to Mexico that Mexico was in fact
in late terms of payment of the agreed installments.
REv42n18c1p3 July 8, 1845 By Last Evening's
Mail
Information on how the announcement of Texas's annexation was
being accepted enthusiastically in the North.
REv42n18c2p3 July 8, 1845 Important and
Glorious News
Announcement of Texas agreeing to annexation to the United States
and procedural processes.
REv42n18c2p3
July 8, 1845 News, Extra President Jones Message &c.
President Jones of the formerly independent Republic of Texas
addresses Congress concerning Texas' decision to accept an offer for
annexation.
REv42n18c4p3 July 8, 1845 Address to A.J. Donelson
A report to Mr. Donelson concerning the numbers of the Mexican forces
in the general area of the Rio Grande.
REv42n18c4p4
July 8, 1845 The Lone Star glistening in the American Firmament
Editorial article relating the announcement of Texas and it's
uniting with the United States as a grand event. Subsequently the decision
to join was manifested by a higher power.
REv42n19c1p2 July 11, 1845 The Glorious
Measure of Annexation
Democratic response to the announcement of annexation.
REv42n19c1p2 July 11, 1845 The Balance of
Power
Article announcing that with the addition of Texas that the U.S.
was one step closer to becoming a world power by refusing to share
the continent with European interests.
REv42n19c1p2 July 11, 1845 Marine Journal
Information pertaining the arrivals and departures out of the
Richmond port.
REv42n19c1p2 July 11, 1845 Military
Disposition in Texas
A report of the military readiness in the new U.S. state.
REv42i19p3c1
July 11, 1845 Marine Journal
REv42n19c2p3 July 11, 1845 Will Mexico
Declare War?
Columnists speculate on what the future will hold, whether the U.S.
would face G.B. or Mexico.
REv42n19c2p3 July 11, 1845 French Squadron
Report that the French had positioned a ship to prove aggressive
intentions towards Mexico after some altercation between the Mexicans
and the French.
RE42n19c2p4 July 11, 1845 Texas (The Richmond
Times)
Instead of attacking the Whig this time the Enquirer
is counter attacking the Times after it allegedly criticized
the paper for its response to the annexation of Texas.
REv42n19c2p4
July 11, 1845 The Whig
A derisive article pertaining to the Richmond Whig and its opposition
to annexation.
REv42n19c2p4 July 11, 1845 Singular Dispatch
Report that no new aggressive action was undertaken by either
G.B. or Mexico.
REv42n20c5p1
July 15, 1845 More Treason
A scathing attack on the New York Tribune concerning their lack
of support for the annexation issue. c4p1
REv42n20
July 15, 1845 Echo of the Sentiment of the Whole Nation
Report on the state of popularity of the populace towards the
annexation of Texas.
REv42n20c1-2p2 July 15, 1845 Latest and
Interesting from Texas
Article containing information on the association of Texas with the
United States and the states of affairs between the U.S. and Mexico.
REv42n20c3p2
July 15, 1845 The Heat of War
Report stating that the U.S. will defend all its interests against
hostile action, or if Mexico had decided to reclaim Texas.
REv42n20c7p3
July 15, 1845 Marine Journal
Information pertaining the arrivals and departures out of the
Richmond port.
REv42n20c3p4 July 15, 1845 Whig Press on Annexation
An attack on the Norfolk Herald for opposing the actions
for annexation.
REv42i20p4c5
July 15, 1845 Singular Coincidence
REv42i20p4c5 July 15, 1845 California
REv42n21c6p2 July 18, 1845 Marine Journal
Information pertaining the arrivals and departures out of the
Richmond port.
REv42n21c2p3 July 18, 1845 Official, Navy Department
(Orders)
Assignments for local Navy personnel.
REv42n21c2p4
July 18, 1845 The Mexican Navy
A report composing of an assessment of the Mexican Navy and its
capabilities.
REv42n21c3p4 July 18, 1845 The Approaching
Crises
An editorial piece describing the conditions that existed since
the annexation of Texas and the possible military conflict that could
occur.
REv42n21c5p4
July 18, 1845 Later from Texas
Information about a report that was being sent to Mexico between
the Texans and Mexicans about a possible peace settlement.
REv42n22c6p1
July 22, 1845 Warlike Enough
Predictions by the Enquirer that any action would be minute and
of little consequence for the U.S. but disastrous for Mexico.
REv42n22c5p1
July 22, 1845 True to Texas
An appeal to the Senate for the body to carry through the legislation
that would bring Texas into U.S. folds.
REv42n22c6p3 July 22, 1845 Marine Journal
Information pertaining the arrivals and departures out of the
Richmond port.
REv42n22c4p4 July
22, 1845 France
Article relating intelligence about the desire for citizens of
Texas and Oregon to join with the U.S. and not with any European powers.
c2p3
REv42n22 July
22, 1845 U.S. Troops
Announcement that some of the first steamboats set sail for Texas
with troops.
REv42n23c7p1 July 22, 1845 Arrival from Texas
Article announcing the arrival of the British charge d'affaire
into New York.
REv42n23c5p1 July 25, 1845 Mr. Polk's Position
A tirade against the president by the Whigs is refuted by the
Enquirer and endorsed whole-heartedly.
REv42n23c7p1
July 25, 1845 Back Again
Announcement of arrival of Secretary of State from Texas.
REv42n23c6p2 July 25, 1845 Marine Journal
Information pertaining the arrivals and departures out of the
Richmond port.
REv42n23c1p3
July 25, 1845 By Last Evening's Mail
Report that Mexican authorities received word of American worries
about hostile action and were considering such action.
REv42n23c1p3 July 29, 1845 The Glorious Consummation
News from Texas that unanimous assent for joining the Union was
obtained and that critics would have been wise to listen to the populace.
REv42n24c2p1 July 29, 1845 The Mystery Solved
Report that a British ship finally showed up after it was feared
that it was on a covert mission.
REv42n24c3p1
July 29, 1845 Latest from Texas
General News from the new acquisition.
REv42n24c5p2 July 29, 1845 Marine Journal
Information pertaining the arrivals and departures out of the
Richmond port.
REv42n24c4p4 July 29, 1845 Look on
this picture, and then on that
A statement slamming the Whigs on their policies of trying to keep
Texas from joining the Union.
REv42n25
August 1, 1845: An Ordinance
Congress has passed resolutions for the Annexation of Texas.
REv42n25 August 1,
1845: Mexico
Mexico is silent on the topic of Texas.
REv42n25
August 1, 1845: Persecution of American Citizens already commenced
in Mexico.
Difficulties by American Citizens in Mexican Territory.
REv42n25 August
1, 1845: Legation of the United States
Editorial in regard to Texas.
REv42n26 August 6,
1845: Fruits of Annexation
Editorial.
REv42n26
August 6, 1845: Circular
Collectors and Customs regarding Texas
REv42n27
August 8, 1845: Moral Treason
Abolitionist views towards annexation.
REv42n27 August 8, 1845: Extraordinary
confusion of the mails
Mail service has failed for three days from Texas, but now news from the
Convention.
REv42n29 August 15, 1845: Important
Movement in Texas-The other Lone Star
A convention to make Texas two states and talks on planting the American
flag for the first time.
REv42n29 August
15, 1845: Editorial
Editorial on Oregon and Texas
REv42n29 August
15, 1845: The True Spirit
The Process of Annexation
REv42n29
August 15, 1845: The Crisis At Last
The crisis in Mexico regarding Texas
REv42n29 August 15, 1845: Office
of War and Marine
The United States has consummated the perfidy against Mexico
REv42n29 August
15, 1845: Important From Mexico
It seems Mexico will commit some kind of folly by taking action
against the United States.
REv42n29
August 15, 1845: Poetry
Poetry for Annexation
REv42n30 August
22, 1845: The Seat of War
There is nothing to report from Mexico, not even a rumor.
REv42n30
August 22, 1845: Very Late From Vera Cruz
There is no declaration of war yet; the Waterwitch has arrived-
and crisis is to come.
REv42n30 August 22, 1845:
Miscellaneous
The Gulf Squadron is more than ample for any crisis in their quarter.
REv42 August
29, 1845: Editorial
War with Mexico is to come.
REv42 August
29, 1845: The Capital Hit
The war with Mexico.
REv42 August 29, 1845: Military
The Battalion of Artillery ordered from Fort Monroe to join the army
in Texas.
REv42 August 29, 1845: Movements of Mexican
Troops
Troops in Mattamoros are getting in position.
REv42n34p1c4
September 2, 1845: INSULT UPON THE COUNTRY
Statements about how the U.S. is treating Mexico
REv42n34p1c5 September 2, 1845: ASHBEL SMITH
OF TEXAS ONCE MORE
Letter from Ashbel Smith discussing the annexation of Texas
REv42n34p1c6 September 2, 1845: FOREIGN
VIEWS
Wilmer and Smith's European Times and their comments on Texas and
Oregon
REv42n34p1c6
September 2, 1845: TO THE EDITORS OF THE ENQUIRER
Letter to the editor about the Mexico
REv42n34p1c7 September 2, 1845: MEXICAN
INDEMNITY
From a private letter dated Mexico, July 26th, 1845
REv42n34p2c4
September 2, 1845: TEXAS
Ship Suviah arrived from Aransas
REv42n34p2c4September 2, 1845: MOVEMENT
OF TROOPS
Troop movements to Texas
REv42n34p4c2 September 2, 1845: WAR OR NO
WAR?
Numbers of Mexican troops on the Rio Grande down to 400
REv42n34p4c2 September
2, 1845: TEXAS
Troops moved to the mainland of Texas from St. Joseph's Island
REv42n35p1c5 September 5, 1845: (no
title)
Information regarding Mexico's financial situation
REv42n35p1c5
September 5, 1845: NO WAR YET
No news of conflict
REv42n35p1c5 September 5, 1845: LATEST FROM
TEXAS
Information gathered from letters
REv42n35p1c6
September 5, 1845: TEXAS NEWS
Information on Mexican troop numbers at Matamoras. From the Galveston
Civilian
REv42n35p2c2 September 5, 1845: LATE DISPATCH
General Taylor's army in good health and spirits
REv42n35p2c3
September 5, 1845: WAR WITH MEXICO
Information regarding Mississippi and the War with Mexico, from the
Mississippian
REv42n35p2c3
September 5, 1845: NAVAL
From the Bunker Hill Aurora, naval ships being prepared in
Massachusetts
REv42n35p4c2 September 5, 1845:
RICHMOND FAYETTE ARTILLERY: "MARCH TO MEXICO"
From Richmond Whig September 2nd, attempt to ridicule
the patriotic movements of the Fayette Artillery
REv42n35p4c2 September 5, 1845: (no
title)
"It was established by Captain Fremont in his Exploring Expedition,
that there is no river of any navigable size which has its outlet directly
into the Pacific, and communicated with the Western slope of our continent,
except the Columbia, between fifty degrees Northern latitude, and the
Gulf of California"
REv42n35p4c3
September 5, 1845: MEXICAN CRUELTY
Against Whig views explaining Mexico is in fact cruel
REv42n35p4c5
September 5, 1845: MEXICO
From the New Orleans Bulletin, discussion on whether or not the
President should call a special session of Congress
REv42n35p4c5 September 5, 1845:
(no title)
"Three of the Schooners of War built for Mexico by Brown &
Bell, in New York, still remain there, in consequence of the inability
of the Mexican Government to pay for them. Three others were paid
for a few months ago, and taken to Mexico."
REv42n36p1c4 September 9, 1845: MEXICO-THE
WHIG PRESS
About the whig presses trying to weaken the Republican Administration.
REv42n36p1c5 September 9, 1845: AN IMPORTANT
QUESTION
Discussion of land claims inside the state of Texas
REv42n36p2c1 September 9, 1845: THE
TEXAS QUESTION IN EUROPE
Europeans' views on the United States and Mexico
REv42n36p4c3 September 9, 1845: TEXAS
PUBLIC LANDS
About Texas' public debt and it if the lands of Texas will satisfy
that debt
REv42n37p1c4 September 12, 1845: FURTHER FROM
MEXICO
The Baltimore Republican letters from Pensacola
REv42n37p4c3 September 12, 1845: WHAT
IS MEXICO ABOUT
News from Mexican Ministers and an address by the Mexican General
Arista
REv42n37p4c6 September 12, 1845:
THE ARMY-PROMPT MOVEMENT
Troops to move from Lexington to Texas
REv42n38p2c2
September 16, 1845: MEXICO
Statements that the threats of Mexico's Ministers and Generals are
empty threats
REv42n38p2c3 September 16, 1845:
OFFICIAL-INTERESTING
Information from General Taylor's headquarters in Corpus Christi
REv42n38p2c4 September 16, 1845: VERY LATE
FROM MEXICO
Information from the Mexico that the war fever has subsided
REv42n39p4c5 September 19, 1845: LATER FROM
TEXAS
"The brig Maria Spears, Felte master, arrived yesterday from
Galveston, whence she sailed on the 3d instant. We received no papers
by her, but learn verbally that the Convention had not adjourned on the
1st inst."
REv42n40p4c3 September 23, 1845: THE TRUE
AND ONLY COURSE
Statements from the Norfolk Herald in defense of the countries
actions with Mexico
REv42n41p2c1 September 26, 1845: AS WE
EXPECTED!
Discussion of Whigs and their views of Polk and Mexico
REv42n41p2c2 September 26, 1845: OREGON-BRITISH
FLEET
Information regarding Britain's experimental squadron
REv42n41p4c2
September 26, 1845: CLAIMS UPON MEXICO
Discussion of the Whigs attacking the administration for the administration
treatment of Mexico
REv42n42p1c6
September 30, 1845: THE CONSTITUTION OF TEXAS
Some of the peculiar provisions of Texas' new constitution
REv42n42p4c3
September 30, 1845: LET JUSTICE BE DONE
About Whig attacks on the administration and Mexico
REv42n42p1c3 October 3, 1845: Texas
Emigrations
Ad calling for settlers to obtain free land to be given to settlers
by the Texas Assosciation {front page ad repeated in almost every edition
of paper}
REv42i42p2c2
October 3, 1845: Cotton: the Great Escape
Article in favor of annexation of Texas because it will be good
for cotton expansion.
REv42i42p2c4
October 3, 1845: Ten Days Later From Texas
Information about troop enrollment and arrival. Also talks about government
election results in Texas.
REv42i42p4c1
October 3, 1845: Latest From Mexico
Letter from soldier about Mexico
REv42i44p2c1 October 7,1845: 2 excerpts
from London Papers
Refering to the U.S.-Mexico dispute and the "Oregon question"
REv42i44p2c2
October 7,1845: French Coverage of the U.S.-Mexico Dispute
Thoughts about what will happen if U.S. and Mexico go to war
REv42i44p2c3
October 7,1845: Foreign News
Irish views about U.S.-Mexican War. Says Irish vessels are being
fitted and Irish might serve as privateers in war.
REv42i44p4c1 October 7,1845: Reprinted
letter from Nashville Whig
Thoughts about war Mexico. Wonders if U.S. should take aggressive or
defensive stance.
REv42i44p4c1 October 7,1845: From the Norfolk
Herald
Thoughts about what President Herrera might do.
REv42i44p4c1 October 7, 1845: Montreal
Times
Canadian view about annexation of Texas and what it would mean to
balance of power in North America.
REv42i44p4c3 October 7, 1845: Letter from
a Troop
Talks about troop movements and orders from Gen. Taylor.
REv42i45p2c1 October 10,1845: Description of
Oregon
Small paragraph extolling all the good virtues of the Oregon Territory.
REv42i45p2c4 October 10, 1845: Dispatch
from a ship
Dispatch from a steamship bound for Vera Cruz. Rumors that the ship
contains a secret overture to Mexico with regards to Texas.
REv42i45p2c5 October 10,1845: Letter from John
C. Calhoun
Letter from John C. Calhoun discussion the annexation of Texas.
REv42i45p4c1
October 10,1845: Texas border Disputes
Argument about where U.S. boundary with Mexico truly lies. Argues
that it should be the Rio Grande as part of an old treaty and Louisiana
Purchase.
REv42i46p4c1
October 14,1845: Copy of Santa Anna Treaty
Copy of secret treaty that Santa Anna signed to save his own life
and preserve his army.
REv42i46p4c1
October 14,1845: Papers of Gen. Austin
Agreement between Santa Anna and President Burnet of Texas. Sights
specific articles of treaty.
REv42i47p1c7
October 17,1845: Letter from Californian
Letter calling for California to break away from Mexico. [reprint from
The Union]
REv42i47 October 17,1845: Update of
Texas-Mexico Relations
Thinks Mexico will give up hope of reclaiming Texas.
REv42i47 October 17,1845: News
from steamship Cincinatti
News from ship arriving in Texas [reprint from N.O. Bullitin]
REv42i47 October 17,1845: News from Vera
Cruz
News from Vera Cruz prediction another revolution in Mexico. [reprint
from N.O. Republican]
REv42i48 October 21,1845:
Argument about annexation of Texas
Article argues against the British denouncing the annexation of
Texas.
REv42i49 October 24,1845: Texas and
Annexation
Texas correspondant of N.Y. Tribune gives review of annexation
questions.
REv42i49 October 24,1845: Letter
saying Polk should Annex Texas
N.Y Journal of Commerce correspondant saying Polk should Annex.
REv42i49 October 24,1845: Article discussing
probability of War
Says probability is low, discusses the tariff issues
REv42i49 October 24,1845: French Papers
view of Mexico-U.S.
Thinks that Mexico would be best not to try to fight U.S.
REv42i49
October 24,1845: Later From Texas
News about crops, Indian problems, and Gen. Taylor's activities
REv42i49
October 24,1845: News from Vera Cruz
Applaudes U.S. building up forces. Speculates about the Mexican
intentions.
REv42i50
October 31,1845: O'Connells and America
Opinion column that addresses the Oregon Territory.
REv42i50 October 31,1845: Letter from Mexico
Letter from Mexico's Consulate General
REv42i50 October 31,1845: Important if True
Special U.S. agent has been dispatched to Mexico to demand back
payments due for a 1831 Treaty.
RE45v42n52p1c1 Monday, November 3, 1845 Anti-Texas Fanatics
RE45v42n52p2c2 Tuesday, November 4, 1845 From Lima - The Brig Hope Howes
RE45v42n52p2c4 Tuesday, November 4, 1845 An old friend in the army writes
RE45v42n52p2c5 Tuesday, November 4, 1845 Naval
RE45v42n53p4c3 Wednesday, November 5, 1845 England and California
RE45v42n54p2c4 Tuesday, November 11, 1845 Latest from Vera Cruz
RE45v42n55p1c4 Thursday, November 13, 1845 Very Considerate
RE45v42n55p1c5 Thursday, November 13, 1845 Mr. Webster on Oregon
RE45v42n55p2c2 Friday, November 14, 1845 From Corpus Christi
RE45v42n55p2c5 Friday, November 14, 1845 Very late from Texas
RE45v42n55p2c5 Friday, November 14, 1845 California - Mexico
RE45v42n56p1c3 Monday, November 17, 1845 Whig Annexation
RE45v42n56p1c3 Monday, November 17, 1845 English Annexation
RE45v42n56p1c3 Monday, November 17, 1845 One of the last acts of Legislature
RE45v42n56p1c7 Monday, November 17, 1845 Mexico - The Washington correspondent
RE45v42n56p2c5 Tuesday, November 18, 1845 The schr. Creole, arrived
RE45v42n57p1c7 Thursday, November 20, 1845 Later from Texas
RE45v42N58p4c1 Tuesday, November 25, 1845 Later from Mexico
REv42i60p2c1, December 2, 1845: Annual Message of the Governor of Virginia
The people of the US have approved the annexation of Texas
REv42i60p4c3, December 2, 1845
Remarks about the Baltimore Convention; declared US entitled to all of Oregon and in
favor of annexing Texas
REv42i60p4c4, December 2, 1845: From Texas
Description of a dinner to Gen. Houston
REv42i60p4c4, December 2, 1845: From Tampico
Every apprehension of a war with the US has vanished in Mexico; US fleet on Mexican
coast has done economic damage
REv42i61p1c1, December 5, 1845: Message of the President of the US
Remarks about annexation of Texas; relations with Mexico; attempted peace with Mexico
about Texas; increasing emigration to Oregon; remarks about Oregon being apart
of the US
REv42i61p2c1, December 5, 1845: Congress
Report on documents relating to Oregon in the Senate
REv42i61p2c1, December 5, 1845: From Mexico
Letter received from Vera Cruz; rumors that there is another revolution within the
state
REv42i61p2c2, December 5,1845: From Washington City
Remarks about the horrors of a war over Oregon
REv42i61p2c4, December 5, 1845: The President's Message
Remarks about the President's speech--comments on his statements about Oregon
REv42i62p1c2, December 9, 1845: The Message
Article
from the Union about the President's address; annexation of Texas important for
the country; remarks about Mexico and how the US has tried to maintain peace;
history of the Oregon negotiation given by Polk--termination of the treaty
allowing for joint occupation of Oregon
REv42i62p1c5, December 9, 1845; The course of the Whig Press
Quotes from articles from different Whig newspapers about the President's speech and
Oregon
REv42i62p1c7, December 9, 1845: to the Editors of the Enquirer
Remarks about Oregon
REv42i62p4c2, December 9, 1845
More remarks about how the Whig press has dealt with Mexico, Texas and Oregon
REv42i63p1c3, December 12, 1845: Report of the secretary of Treasury
Annexation of Texas has added money to the Treasury
REv42i63p2c4, December 12, 1845;Correspondence of the Richmond Enquirer
Remarks about the debate in the Senate over slavery in Texas
REv42i64p1c2, December16, 1845: Correspondence of the Richmond Enquirer
Comments
about the annexation of Texas; how the annexation covered in the newspapers
REv42i64p1c5, December 16, 1845: Extension of True Principles
Resolution that are happy with the prospects of the re-annexation of Texas; resolution to
sustain Polk in his declaration to the US's right to Oregon
REv42i64p2c3, December 16, 1845:
Newspapers are divided on the question of war for Oregon
REv42i64p4c1, December 16, 1845
Report on the possible establishment of an Oregon memorial
REv42i65p1c2, December 19, 1845
Remarks about the issue of slavery in Texas; allowing slavery in only half of the state
REv42i65p1c6, December 19, 1845: twenty-ninth Congress
Remarks about the probability of war in the Senate
REv42i65p2c3, December 19, 1845
Letter to the Enquirer; comments about the Texas question--what should be done, what
has been done; remarks about US relationship with Mexico
REv42i66p1c6, December 23, 1845
Remarks
about how the Whigs believe that annexation of Texas is unconstitutional
REv42i66p2c3, December 23, 1845
More remarks about the annexation of Texas--population of Texas; comments about the
joint resolution
REv42i66p4c1, December 23, 1845
Remarks about Texas, and Mexico but hard to read because paper is not a good copy;
something about the annexation of Texas
REv42i66p4c3, December 23, 1845; Public Sentiment
Reactions to Polk's statement about Oregon in his address; some fear war, others agree
REv42i67p1c2, December 25, 1845:
Senate voted to affix the seal to the final annexation of Texas
REv42i67p1c2, December25, 1845: Correspondence of the Richmond Enquirer
Remarks about the Senate's passing of the annexation of Texas; description of the
proceedings
REv42i67p2c7, December 25, 1845: Twenty-ninth Congress
Resolved that the committee on commerce be instructed to report the Senate a bill
extending the revenue laws of the US over Texas
REv42i68p2c6, December 30, 1845: The Question Settled
Comments
about both Texas and Oregon; remarks about Whig stances on the issues and how
the Whig press covers them
REv42i68p4c4, December 30, 1845
Conclusion
to statements made about the two sides that have been formed in regards to the
Oregon question
REv42i68p4c7, December 30, 1845: Texas Land Agency
Advertisement
REv42i16p1c6 July 1, 1845 Magnetic Printing Telegraph
If we may believe the New York Evening Post, a magnetic telegraph
is now in actual operation in that city, which actually does its own
printing with the letters of our English alphabet, and in a clear, legible
manner. It is executed at one end of a magnetic wire, through a direction
given at the other. It is true, as incredible as the statement may seem
to be, that a man might, if the wires were laid, now sit at New York, and
with more print at New Orleans a letter or dispatch in the ordinary letter
of our language. In a few days this invention will be made more generally
known. At present, arrangements are making for the perfection of the
patents here and in Europe.
[MSM2]
REv42i16p2c1-2 July 1, 1845 Editorial
Such was the hero we mourn! With a constitution undermined by privations
incident to his military labors, and a frame shattered by disease,
he had retired to the seclusion of the Hermitage, long and patiently
awaiting the only and final relief from suffering. It came to them on
the evening of the 8th instant, in the centre of his home’s
affectionate circle, while his great mind was calm and unclouded, and
when his heart was prepared to welcome its dilatory messenger. Yes!
Yes!—he, on whom, for half a century, his country gazed as upon a tower
of strength—on whom she never called for succor against the desolating
savage, without being answered by a rushing shout of “onward, to the
rescue!” who anticipated her invading foes by destroying them ere their
footprints on her soil were cold—he, the iron warrior, the reproachless
patriot, has ceased to be mortal, has willingly made his single surrender—the
surrender of his soul to its Almighty claimant! It may almost be said
that General Jackson was constituted of two natures, so admirable and
so distinctly were his qualities adapted to their respective spheres
of action. I have portrayed, hurriedly and crudely, his public character—let
us, for an instant, see him, on one or two points at least, in the other
aspect; and perhaps we may thence catch the secret of his sublime and
beautiful death. The rugged exterior which rough wars in our early Western
settlements would naturally impart, was smoothed and polished
in him by a spirit of benevolence deeply seated in his temperament.
In social intercourse, though always earnest, rapid, impressive and
upright, his friendship was marked by boundless confidence and generosity;
while in domestic life a winning gentleness seemed to spread from the
recesses of his heart over the whole man, filling the scenes around
him with smiles of serenity and joy, No husband loved more ardently,
more faithfully, more unchangeably—no parent could surpass the self-sacrificing
kindness with which he reared and cherished his adopted children—no
master could be more certain of reciprocating fondness than he was when,
as expiring, he breathed the hope of hereafter meting in the Heaven
to which he was hastening, the servants of household, “as well black
as white.” The truthfulness of this picture is attested by all who were
admitted to the sanctuary of his home—precincts too sacred, even on
an occasion equally sacred, for more than this brief intrusion. But there
was a crowning characteristic, from adverting to which I must not shrink,
though the presence in which I stand. General Jackson was fervently,
unaffectedly, and submissively pious! Wherever he might be, and whatever
his absorbing pursuit—wading heavily through the swamps of Florida,
on the track of Hillishago; speeding; with the swoop of an eagle, to
grapple the invade Pakenham; careering, at the head of his victorious
legions, through throngs of admiring countrymen; in the halls of the
Executive mansion; or at his hearth in the Hermitage; there and then,
ever where and always though not ostensible, and never obtrusive, his
faith was with him. But it was most closely and inconspicuously with
him as dissolution approached—it was with him to brighten the rays of
his heart, to take the sting from his latest pang, and to give melody
to his last farewell! The dying hour of Jackson, bears triumphant testimony
to the Christian’s hope, Such was the Hero; such the Man we mourn! Come
then, my countrymen! Let us, as it were, gather round the depository
of his remains! From those who knew him, as it has been my lot to know
him, the frequent tear of cherished and proud remembrance must fall.
[MSM2]
REv42i16p2c5 July 1, 1845 Navy Department
–Orders &c.; June 26. Passed Midshipman J.Q. Adams, Jr. to rendezvous
at Boston. Midshipman A. J. Dallas, leave two months. Midshipman D. Ochiltree,
leave two months. Midshipman B. F. Wells, leave extended one month.
[MSM2]
In the Atlas of the 16th was a communication, occasioned by some remarks in a letter from England to the effect that a war with the United States would be popular with the British nations, “as a war against the slave power of the world.” The writer of that article, after speaking of the probabilities of war, on account of our position in reference to Texas, Oregon, and California, one or all,” makes some very appropriate remarks concerning the evils of war, and the influence which should be exerted to avert it; but he closes with a proposition to the people of Massachusetts, that should find no favor with them, or any other Americans. The probable cause of war with England is Oregon—neither Texas nor California.
And can any one tell us what the question of our right, or the right of Great Britain, to Oregon, has to do with slavery? If slavery is brought into the question, about which we may possibly fight, by the British, are Northern Americans, who are opposed to slavery, to be counseled to stand back and not countenance such a war, or not defend their country against foreign a attack? If Northern men are to be so advised, and they listen to such, any nation, who desired to humble and ruin us, might seek to cause for quarrel, and then, covering that quarrel with the name of “a war against the slave power of the world,” turn the North against the South, or, at least, produce an inaction and opposition to defence in one portion of the people, which would prove the ruin of all. Such is not the course for Northern Americans to take. If we are to have a war, and our enemies to falsely call it a war against slavery, let us stand by our country—though we, too, are opposed to some of her institutions. Ay, even if the war is to be on account of Texas, and we know e are brought to it by the slave power of the South, struggling perpetuate itself, let us not turn our backs upon our country, commit treason against the Constitution, and suffer a foreign for; if he chooses, to subjugate us, or dictate his own terms of peace. Other nations know not our State lines; we are to them one people, under one government; and a war against that government is meant to be and is, a war against the whole people. Any internal dissensions would be used by an enemy, if possible, for the ruin of all; and while we foolishly thought we were punishing our brethren from whom we differ, we should be ruining ourselves also. The North has much more to lose by any war than the South. By a disastrous war, the North has infinitely more to lose. Shall we, are opposed to some of the institutions of the South, forgetting what we have in common? No: let us tell Britain that it is not for her, and such as she, to call a war with us a war against slavery, nor to endeavor, under the garb of philanthropy, to destroy a rival. Let us how the world a peaceful but united front, and endeavor within ourselves to remove the curse of slavery. The duty is ours—foreign powers cannot effect it, save by the ruin of everything else.
If war could be averted by the course proposed in the article referred
to, it might be good advice. Circumstances unforeseen, and unknown to
the public, often determine the course of governments, (though I am far
from denying that our present government has bee, and may be precipitate
and reckless;) and a pledge signed by a portion of the nation—and it
certainly would be a small portion—that they will not support their country,
cannot avert war. It would only serve to increase the disasters, and
inflict a punishment upon the whole people deserved only, or mostly,
by those who thus prove recreants. Far distant by the day of war! Far
distant we may reasonably hope it is; but, if the misfortune does come,
let no “anti-slavery-peace pledge” make traitors of any citizens of Massachusetts.
[MSM2]
REv42i17p2c1-2 July 4, 1845 Patriotic Spirit and Refined Taste
The Boston Morning Post, of Saturday last, says that, “on Thursday
evening, June 26, in the Common Council Chamber of this city, upon the
question an appropriation of $500 to defray the expenses of the solemnities
in honor of the memory of the hero of New Orleans, William Hayden (editor
of the Boston Atlas) rose in his place, and made the following
brief remarks, viz: “Mr. President, as it cost the city some $15,000,
a few years since, to receive General Jackson, if we can now get rid
of him for $500, I have no objection.” General Jackson declared that
“the Union must preserved.” Now, this Whig editor, who published the other
day the anti-war pledged without a word of comment, follow up the blow
the following outrageous declaration from own pen: “We look upon that
measure (Texas) as the most flagrant and outrageous violation of the
Constitution which has ever been brought forward or attempted since
our Constitution was adopted. It ought to be resisted, to the utmost,
by every citizen who has the good of this country at heart. If it is
finally consummated, it will be such a violent infraction of the solemn
contract of union, as will, in our deliberate judgment, entirely absolve
the several States from the force of that contract. And if Massachusetts
or any other State of this Union, should see fit, on the ground
of annexation to secede from the Union, she will be amply and entirely
justified in so doing. This is our opinion of the matter, Sir, and you
are at liberty to make the most of it.” Is it wonderful, then, that the
author of this treasonable declaration, should have coldly insulted the
memory of General Jackson in the Council Chamber of Boston? The whole
is in character.-(Union.)
[MSM2]
REv42i17p2c4 July 4, 1845 This Glorious Day
In accordance with a time honored custom, we once more lay before our readers the immortal Declaration of Independence. We invoke a new and thorough appreciation of its principles and its spirit, which made us a free and happy people, and which must be preserved, in all their purity, if we desire to reach the high destiny which Heaven seems graciously to have intended for us. The present anniversary of our deliverance from foreign thralldom, comes around to us with peculiarly interesting associations. Since the last celebration, the nation has passed through a heated and angry political excitement. From one end of the Union to the other, the two contending parties struggled zealously for the mastery; but, to the honor of the American people be it said, no bloodshed, nor even personal violence, stained the annals of our history.
By the simple and solemn agency of the ballot-box, millions have give effect to their wishes, and when the public voice was clearly ascertained, and announced the elevation of those men who are for four years to wield the destiny of the country, the people, lately so much excited by party feeling, quietly and with praiseworthy resignation, submitted to the national award, and retired to their fields, their workshops, and their posts of honorable labor. All was once more peace. All, or nearly all, while taking a deep interest in passing events, and resolved to stand by their country “for better or for worse,” returned to their daily occupations, with the firm determination to judge fairly the conduct of those in power, and on the revolution of four years, again to express at the ballot-box their approbation or condemnation of the manner in which their high and responsible duties and beautiful spectacle be presented, of a free and powerful nation calmly electing the Governors, according to the form and spirit of a written Constitution, and, by their dignity of bearing and faithful adherence to the dictates of true liberty, transmitting to posterity a moral influence which must perpetuate our institutions! What a bright contrast to the throes and convulsions that mark the change of rulers in the old world, where the people play the part of mute actors in the drama, and see their lives and dearest privileges placed at the at the disposal of men, in whose selection they bear no part! But there is another striking event, which has impressed the past year with peculiar interest.
The world has seen, with wonder and admiration, the successful consumation of the union of two congenial Republics, for many years segregated, but now brought together by peaceful and indissoluble bonds. We say “consummation” for, though the New Orleans mail yesterday disappointed us in the reception of the news for this day, that the Texan Congress had sealed the contract of annexation, no rational man can doubt that the deed is done; and we hope that the “Lone Star,” now a bright element of our strength and greatness, will be, to-day, “in our flowing cups remembered.” We look upon it as no longer a party question. The public voice decreed it; the public authorities have given their sanction to it, and no man, who is a friend to national faith and honor, to the cause of civilization and liberty, will for one moment find it in his heart to raise a voice or hand against its final completion. True is it, that some of the Northern fanatics, treacherous alike to the Constitution and the country, have avowed their resolution, and taken a pledge, not to aid their mother land, in case she be forced into an unrighteous war, as they call it, on account of the annexation of Texas; but these Arnolds are as few in number as they are recreant in feeling—and they will be swept, like chaff, before the whirlwind of popular indignation. It would be out of place for us to set forth the many advantages to all portions of our Confederacy, which this great measure is destined to extend. But surely, no American can refuse on this day of universal rejoicing over the blessings of Freedom, to cast a look of satisfaction down the vista of the future, and see the temples of religion, the academies and schools, which, fostered under the extended blessings of our Union, will dot the beautiful prairies and fertile valleys of Texas.
None will fail to rejoice at the diffusion of free and well regulated
institutions over one of the most interesting portions of the globe.
Out of this and the Oregon question may spring a cessation of the
peace which now, hovers over our country. We have confident hopes that
the firmness and moderation of our Government may avert such a calamity.
But if foreign ambition or avarice should force the issue, can it be
doubted, that the people will stand by their “country, right or wrong?”
Can a better occasion offer than the present day of our national nativity,
to approach the country’s altar, and, while breathing a prayer for honorable
peace, make a vow of undying attachment to our soil and our institutions,
and a pledge of unshrinking zeal in support of those who have been called
by the nation to protect its interest and its honor? Millions of freemen
will to-day offer up their thanks for the peace and prosperity which
they enjoy. To Virginias the day should bring deeply interesting reflections.
While, from a series of circumstances, Virginia has not moved onward
in the cause of improvement with the same zeal and success as her younger
sisters, we are gratified to think that a new light has dawned upon her
fortunes—that the noble cause of Education and of moral and intellectual
reform, and the development of her vast resources, and the welding together,
by one bond of interest and affection, the most distant portions of the
old Commonwealth, have engaged the cordial attention of her people. Let
then every Virginian, whilst, on this day, be rationally and soberly
enjoys the delightful associations which it calls up, look steadily to
the future, and pledge himself never to despair of the Republic, but
to devote his thoughts and his energies to the extirpation of vice and
ignorance, and to the establishment, on a firm basis, of the blessings
of Education and social improvement. When the evening’s gun shall announce
the winding up of the festivities, let every one retire to his home,
a better man and a more patriotic citizen, and let his noble motto be,
in the last words of the lamented Jackson, “My God and my Country!”
[MSM2]
REv42i17p2c5 July 4, 1845 Disgraceful Sentiments
No more fitting occasion can present itself than this anniversary of the
vindication of our liberties and national existence against foreign
tyranny, to denounce treason in whatever quarter and under whatever
shape it may rear its hideous crest. Of such character we regard the
following from the New York Tribune, a journal of ability and influence,
but so steeped in the bitter waters of party and fanaticism, that it
stands prepared to sacrifice the country to its own peculiar arrogant
notions of right and wrong. Some weeks since, that print, in its violent
crusade against slavery, endorsed the pledge of the fanatic Channing,
not to aid the country in a war on account of the annexation of Texas,
because that measure was “in violation of right,” and in direct opposition
to the fiendish designs of Northern Abolitionists. In the following,
it will be seen the Editor takes the same treasonable position, and,
what is worse, endeavors to base his reasons upon a hypocritical appeal
to our Holy Religion. He shamelessly repudiates the noble sentiment of
Decatur, “our Country, right or wrong,” which every patriot, we feel,
is resolved to stand by. Had many such mean-spirited and prejudiced lived
in the days of the Revolution, we should not now assemble around the
national altar, to give thanks for the blessings of liberty—because the
same mind, which would now hesitate on the ground of “right,” to rally
to this country’s standard, would, in the days of the Revolution, have
refused to shake off the letters imposed by those claiming the “Divine
Right of Kings.” But to the passage, which is enough to fire the indignation
of every freeman and patriot: “’Our Country, Right or Wrong.’ The New
Orleans Bee, a journal which always propounds its own opinions with
dignity, and treats those of others with fairness, in the course of
a mainly just and pertinent rebuke of the Locofoco hurrah about Oregon
says: “Whenever the U. States determine on war, the course of her people
is a simple one. They will not pause to enquire into the right and wrong,
the pros and cons of the quarrel, but will with one common accord, rally
around the standard of their country. With few and inconsiderable
exceptions, we are persuaded that this is the universal sentiment of the
American people.’ “We differ from the Bee with reluctance, but though
it is possible the “universal sentiment’ is correctly indicated by that
paper, we cannot doubt that it is a mistaken criminal, God-defying
sentiment. ‘Thou shalt not Kill,’ is a command which we cannot find any
good authority for disobeying; but if we are to be made partners
in the orphan manufacture at all, we insist that there shall be right
on our side. To sin ships, burn towns and butcher human being, without
asking whether the cause for which we fight is right or wrong, we dare
not. That is the elder law, and He the more authoritative lawgiver, who
thunders ever in our ears, ‘Thou Shalt Not Kill.’” From such a print
we might well expect a revival, over the ashes of Jackson, of the
coffin-band-bill traductions of his name. The Tribune, at the present
solemn pause over the grave of the soldier and patriot, exhumes the buried
slanders of the Arbuthnot and Ambrister affair. It denounces the execution
of the former, by order of a Court Martial, as a “fool and cruel murder,”
and thus aims its poisoned arrows at the departed Hero, and at those
who have honored his virtues and his services: “Not on our soul should
it rest for all the power of the Presidency, the trappings of the White
House, the honeyed mouthing of venal and pampered orators, the sickening
slaver of self-seeking journalists, and the applauding huzzas of ignorant
or reckless thousands. God be merciful in their extremity, even to those
as merciless as the authors of that cruel slaughter!” To such a source
it is natural to look for sentiments so revolting to human nature, so
treacherous to the nation; for, the man who would insult the ashes of
the patriot dead, would not hesitate to give aid and encouragement to the
enemies of his country.
[MSM2]
REv42i17p3c1 July 4, 1845 Marine Journal
Port of Richmond.
Arrived.
Schr. Jno. Simmons, Small, Boston, sundries;Sailed,
Schr Eliza Messerole, Rigmore, New York, Ballast;
Schr. George Klots, Rogers, Gall River, ballast;
Schr. Wm. Thompson, Baker, Fall River, ballast;
Schr. Rival, Carvon, N.C., shingles and wheat;
Schr. Hero, Hooper, Fredericksburg, sundries.
Sloop Sally Ann White, G. Whortney, sundries.
Schr. Roscoe, Eaton, Boston, Coal; Philadelphia,July 2-Arrived, schr. Lagrange, Crowell, from Richmond.
Cleared, schr. Chas. P. Brown, Jones, for Richmond.
REv42i18p1c7 July 8, 1845 From Mexico
We are indebted to the courtesy of Dr. Saunders so the N. Orleans
Bee, who arrived here yesterday from Pensacola, for the following
items of news: The United States West Indian or Gulf Squadron, under
the command of Com. Connor, namely, the frigate Potomac, flag-ship, the
ship Falmonth, and the brigs Somers and Lawrence arrived at Pensacola
on Tuesday, the 24th instant, having sailed from Sacrificios,
the man of war anchorage at Vera Cruz, on the 12th instant.
The officers and crews of these vessels were all well. The squadron visits
Pensacola for the purpose of getting supplies of provisions and water
having been for some time on rather short allowance. The only foreign
vessels of war off Sacrificios at the time of the sailing of our squadron,
were the French brigs Mercurio and Grillon. The vomito or yellow fever
was prevailing to a considerable extent in Vera Cruz. Another revolution
broke out in the City of Mexico on the 7th inst. It was led
by a General whose name the Mexican papers do not mention. It commenced
with one of the Regiments of Grenadiers, who entered the palace and
made prisoners of the President and three of this Ministers. The rebellion,
however, was soon quelled and order restored—the citizens by rallying
promptly to the rescue, evincing their adherence to the new Government.
The General in command of the revolters made his escape but the Colonel
of the Regiment and fort of his men were instantly tried and shot. In
connection with this revolt, it is mentioned that previous to the departure
of Santa Anna from Mexico, the troops stationed at Vera Cruz were marched
several leagues below the city in order to prevent all tampering between
the friends of the fallen tyrant, and the officers and privates of the
army. This was done in consequence of a rumor, that another revolution
was underway in the city of Mexico, the object of which was to
re-instate Santa Anna in power. The steamer that conveyed him away from
his country, we so learn, took him on board at a place called Pirote
Landing, several leagues this side of Vera Cruz. Gomez Farias has been
elected Senator in place of Don Sabastian Comacho. The Government of
Mexico was raising an army of 2,000 men, ostensibly for the purpose
of being sent to the Californias; but it is the belief of several intelligent
American citizens there that this force is destined to march secretly
to the frontier of Texas. (Mobile Advertiser, June 27th)
[MSM2]
REv42i18p2c1 July 8, 1845 If it’s you, Captain Scott, Don’t Shoot I’ll Come Down
Now, that the Annexation of Texas, denounced by the Whig and New York Tribune as “a measure of iniquity,” and the fruit of the corrupt motives of “land-robbers, avaricious speculators and disunionists,” has virtually been achieved, with the unanimous voice of Texas, and amid the deep-toned rejoicing of the whole people of the United States—it is amusing to see how the physic works upon the various Whig parties. The R. Whig thus despairingly and grudgingly announces the result: “The ‘long agony is over,’ and Texas has been annexed to the United States.
As anything we might say could not undo what has been done, we copy from the Union of the 4th the latest news from the no longer ‘lone’ Star. Let those that can rejoice do so, but take care their rejoicing do not turn to sorrow.” We are glad that the Whig means to throw no more useless obstacles in the way. It certainly evinces more sound policy and patriotism, than its quondam anti Texas ally of the N. York Tribune, who is determined to resist to the last, and even refuses to aid his country, if war be the effect of this “slavery crusade.” The Times and Compiler which, by the by, was not a “sound trout” on this Texas question, rejoices at its consummation, and at the consequent removal of a heavy stumbling block from the path of Whiggery. Hear it: “This event we here looked upon as one that would of course follow the passage of the joint resolutions by Congress. Regarding Texas as an American settlement, or rather as a settlement of Americans, we felt convinced, from the beginning, that no temptation or inducement could be offered by Mexico or England, or France, or all united, that would be superior to their enthusiastic desire to be incorporated with our Union, and come under its laws and institutions. As strong as we supposed this desire to be, the result has shown it even stronger—the proceedings of the Texan Congress were characterized by an unanimity we were not prepared to anticipate. This unanimous aversion to the Mexican treaty, negotiated by President Jones, which, it will be seen, was unanimously rejected. “So the Texas question is settled at last!” The energy of the last short sentence indicates that the editor took a long breath, and thanked his stars that this vexing question was “settled at last!” The Alexandria Gazette, while admitting that Texas may “almost be now regarded as an integral part of the United States,” adds. “The event is an important one—and fraught with consequences of the deepest interest to our country. There has been much in the inception and conduct of this business, which we have condemned, and which may yet produce results which all must lament. Bu, now, that the matter is settle, we shall be among the first not only quietly and peaceably to submit to the law, but even to hope for the best. The friends of Annexation have drawn the most flattering picture of the good that will ensue. We certainly never believed that all their promises would be realized—but, we shall not, on that account, look at the dark side of the picture, or anticipate the worst that might happen. What is done, in this matter, cannot be undone. The fiercest opposition to it, could not effect a change back again. We must take Texas, with all the acknowledged veils of it Annexation, lest with an ardent desire that Providence, in its kindness, will counterbalance them, by blessings which may flow from the measured of Annexation.” This is the true spirit. It behooves every patriot to submit to the popular voice, and to unite in upholding the honor and interest of the Union. Let public indignation, without distinction of party, be concentrated upon the heads of those Northern fanatics, who would betray their county in the hour of peril. The annexation of Texas as will, like the admission of Louisiana, work out its own triumph over the judgments of its strongest opponents, and the whole country will soon award to the Democratic party the highest credit for this peaceful and brilliant achievement, fraught as it will be with blessings to every portion of the nation. We conclude with a passage from the New York Express, written before the receipt of the conclusive news by the Princeton. It is peculiarly savage upon the “miserable and ferocious clique of Abolitionists,” whom it longed to have as its allies in the late Presidential canvass. They, however, failed them at the pinch, and now all the honeyed words of the Northern Whig prints and orators are converted into curses. The last sentence is important, as showing that, If Mr. Clay had been elected by the Abolitionists, (and their votes alone could have saved him,) Texas and her friends in the United States would have whistled for many years, before they would have had the smallest hope of spreading the wings of the American Eagle over the lovely plains of Texas. Let then the Democratic Party have full credit for their unprecedented victory last November. Its moral influence has been powerfully felt, and will continue to stomp with benefits the future destinies of our great country. We thank the Express for its consideration and kindness in eschewing “resistance and a consequent dissolution of the Union!”
If things continue as they have begun, the New York Tribune and Boston Atlas will soon be left alone to their glory of agitation and opposition to the Government and people: “A pro forma resistance may now be made to the annexation of Texas, but it will be all in vain. The two Senators from Texas will walk into the Senate Chamber next winter, and there is getting them out by violence or revolution. We have made up our minds to submit. Submission is preferable to resistance and a consequent dissolution of the Union. The Whig members of congress from the South will go with the Loco Foco members from the South now, on this question; and as Northern Democracy has given in, and consented to be governed to Southern slave-ocracy, the only consolation we Whigs, have is, that the slave power, extended and fortified by Texas, will rule and restrain its rabble allies in the free States of the Union. Through their monied leaders here, we trust it will govern them hard when it has the federal power, and so preserve us from the radicalism that threatens and surrounds us. For out part, we had rather be lorded over by the slave owners “than by the Empire Club gangs that rule much of “the Democracy of the North.”
“The annexation of Texas so strengthens the slave power, that it is not probable there ever will be another Democratic President from the free States. This is a great consolation, we think; for, whenever what calls itself Democracy is to have the Federal power, we much prefer it from the meridian and air of South Carolina to the meridian of Tammany Hall or Albany. “If we had our way, therefore, our Whig Northern friends would, when Congress meets, enter their simple protest against the annexation of Texas, as a resolution in the Government, and a change in the Constitution, and then let the matter drop. They may spend four of the session in debate; and sow the seeds of discord more and more among the Whigs of the South—but the debate will end as it begins—in smoke. “To the miserable and ferocious clique of Abolitionists (and yet in numbers contemptible) are we indebted for this extension and perpetuity for the slave Government of this country. If they repent for a thousand years, and wait all the while in sackcloth and ashes, they never can atone for the injury they have inflicted upon mankind and upon their country.”
We hope it will not here be out of place, to allude to the famous prediction of Senator Rives, that Texas would not come in. That same gentleman, last summer, hoped that annexation would not take place, as, in case of Polk’s election, he wished to quit the United States, and go to Texas.
That retreat being cut off, he will be forced to remain at home. We are
glad that the cause of Agriculture will be graced and improved by his
undivided labors. The Virginia principles which he once illustrated,
he has abandoned. We wish him more success in his Agricultural Essays
for which he is said to have a turn.
[MSM2]
REv42i18p2c5 July 8,1845 Mr. Shannon
Mr. Shannon, ex-Minister to Mexico, has published in the Union a letter
to the Secretary of State, in which he confirms, substantially, the account
heretofore given by Mr. B. E. Green, of the non-payment of the Mexican
installments.
[MSM2]
REv42i18p3c1 July 8, 1845 By Last Evenings Mail
But few papers and no news. The celebration of the 4th, in Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston, went off most happily, without disturbance or accident, and with remarkable sobriety. The Texas news was received in the Northern cities with great enthusiasm. Every body is now for Texas. Even the National Intelligencer is “mum” at the startling intelligence.
The following sporting information in Sunday’s New York Herald,
is all the news we find: “The Greatest Piece of Pedestrianism ever Performed.
A foot race came off on Friday, in the neighborhood of Stonigton, Conn.,
in which Maj. Champlin performed a mile in the astonishing and almost
incredible time of four minutes and nineteen seconds. He now challenges
to run any man in the U.S. one mile for one thousand dollars, or
upwards, to come off over the Union or Beacon Course, any time between
this and the first of August. The challenger can be heard of, or seen,
at the American Hotel, Stonigton. It is not unlikely but that he will
be accommodated.”
[MSM2]
REv42i18p3c2 July 8, 1845 Important and Glorious News
On the eve of the great day which is consecrated to the independence of our country, we hail the re-union of Texas with the United States. We will now tread the road of freedom and greatness together. This news comes to us by the Princeton steamer, which arrived at Annapolis to-day at 2 o’clock.
Dr. Wright brings the dispatches from Annapolis. He left Washington, Texas, on the 21st June, and arrived at Galveston of the 23rd—on which day the Princeton left that place. We are favored by the Doctor with the following memoranda: “The United States ship Princeton, Commodore Stockton, arrived at Annapolis, from Galveston, Texas, after the short passage of nine days, having consumed only 93 tons coal. She steamed against head winds, with the exception of only 36 hours, when she was assisted by her sails.
No Atlantic steamer has ever made so good an hourly average, with the same economy of fuel; and considering all the circumstances, it may be regarded as an unprecedented passage. The news brought by the Princeton is of the most interesting character. Both houses of the Texan Congress have unanimously consented to the terms of the joint resolution of the United States.
The Senate had rejected the treaty with Mexican by a unanimous vote. Capt. Wagaman had arrived at Washington, Texas, to select posts to be occupied by the United States troops, and to provide for their subsistence. A resolution was introduced into both houses of Congress, requiring the Executive to surrender all posts, navy-yards, barracks, &c., to the proper authorities of the U. States.
The joint resolutions were introduced into both houses of Congress on the same day, and were almost identical in their tenor. The resolutions passed the Senate on the 18th of June, and were sent to the House; the House laid them on the table, and passed their own resolutions unanimously, and sent them to the Senate on the next day. In the mean time, considerable jealously arose as to which branch should claim the honor of the paternity of the resolutions; and it was finally settled that the House should take up the resolutions of the Senate, and amend them in the third section. The House then passed them in their present form, and sent them back to the Senate, which body concurred in the amendment. The President is pledged to give full and immediate effect to the will of Congress, so far as depends upon himself.”
This important intelligence has just reached the President of the
United States, [this evening, half past 8] Dr. Wright brings copious
dispatches from our able charge Major Donelson; but they are written
prior to the adoption of resolutions of the Congress of Texas. He also
brings newspapers, embracing the National Register, printed at Washington,
of the 19th June, three days after Congress assembled. We
must confine ourselves principally to the contents of the Galveston News
Extra of the 23rd June. The National Register contains
the correspondence between Major Donelson and the Government of Texas,
from March 31, 1845, down to June 11th, accompanying President
Jones’ message to Congress.
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REv42i18p3c2 July 8, 1845 News, Extra President Jones Message &c
We are indebted to Mr. Briggs for the following interesting documents, which we hasten to give our readers. Verbally we learn from Mr. Briggs, that the propositions for our independence have been submitted to the Senate. They are not yet made public; but it is understood that they are highly objectionable, and will be promptly rejected.
Executive Department. Washington, June 16, 1845.
Gentlemen of the Senate and of the House of Representatives: I am happy to meet you, on this interesting occasion, as the representatives of the people, again assembled in the discharge of your high and important duties. The call of an extraordinary session of Congress at the early day, but the Executive, was not made without the most mature, deliberation, and a due deference to the great crisis which has arisen since your late adjournment, in the affairs of Texas as well as the almost unanimous expression of public will which took place throughout the country in regard to the same. The Executive has now the pleasure to transmit to the honorable Congress, for such action as the may deem suitable, the propositions which have been made on the part of the United States to this Government, for the annexation of Texas, and its incorporation, as a State, into that great and kindred Confederacy, together with the correspondence between the two Governments, which has arisen out of the same. This correspondence, entering, as it does, very fully into the views and sentiments of the Governments in question, renders in unnecessary for the Executive to add [for the information or consideration of Congress] but little thereto in reference to the proposed union, render those terms much more acceptable than they would otherwise have been. The state of public opinion, and the great anxiety of the people to act definitely upon the subject of annexation, by a convention of deputies, as prescribed in the resolutions of the United States Congress, induce the Executive to issue his proclamation on the 5th of May, ultimo. Recommending an election for sixty one deputies, to be held in the several counties throughout the republic, on the 4th of the present month, and to assemble in convention, at the city of Austin, on the 4th of July next. This recommendation has met the sanction of the citizens of Texas generally, and the deputies in the several counties; so far as heard from, having been elected upon the basis proposed, it is confidently expected the convention will assemble at the time and place fixed upon. To this convention, the question of annexation, and the adoption of a State constitution, will probably belong; and they will determine the great question of annexation, and they will determine the great question of the nationality of Texas, as to them shall seem most conductive to the interest, happiness, and prosperity of the people whom they will represent. It is important that the “consent of the existing Government” should be given to their exercising the powers which have been delegated to them, in order to comply with a requirement to that effect in the resolutions on the subject of annexation, passed by the American Congress. For this purpose, the present extraordinary session of the Congress of the Republic of Texas has been convoked, and to its wisdom, as a co-ordinate department, the Executive now submits the determination of the matter. The services to be performed by the Convention will be arduous and will probably engage it for a considerable period of time and the Executive would respectfully recommend to Congress the propriety of making a suitable appropriation for the payment of its members, as well as the officers it may find occasion to employ. The Executive has the pleasure in addition to presenting Congress the proposition concerning annexation, to inform them that certain conditions, preliminary to a treaty of peace, upon the basis of a recognition of the independence of Texas by Mexico, were signed on the part of the latter, at the city of Mexico, on the 12th of May last, and were transmitted to this Government of the 2d instant, by the Baron Alleye de Cyprey, minister plenipotentiary of his Majesty the King of the French, at that court by the hands of Capt. Elliott, her Britannic Majesty’s Charge d’ Affairs near this Government. In consequence of the signing of these preliminaries, the Executive believing it to be his duty, in the recess of Congress, to make the fact known to the people of Texas, and to declare and proclaim a cessation of hostilities between Texas and Mexico, until the same could be communicated to, and acted upon, by Congress and the Convention about to assemble. A proclamation for this purpose was consequently issued on the 4th instant, a copy of which is herewith transmitted. The preliminaries being in the nature of a treaty, will, with all the correspondence in relation thereto, be forthwith communicated to the honorable Senate, for its constitutional advice, and such action as, to its wisdom, the same shall seem to require. The alternative of annexation or independence will thus be placed before the people of Texas, and their free, sovereign and unbiased voice will determine the all important issue’ and so far as it shall depend upon the Executive to act, he will give immediate and full effect to the expression of their will.
His situation in regard to the important subjects now communicated to
Congress, has, since their late adjournment, been one of great delicacy
and embarrassment. Questions of much difficulty have been presented
for this determination, upon which the fate and welfare of the country
depended’ and. Without precedent or constitutional guide for his
governance, he has been obliged to assume, in consequence, great and
severe responsibilities. He trusts, however, that Congress will approve
the course he has adopted, and, by their enlightened counsels, relieve
and direct him in the course hereafter to be pursued in relation to those
questions. The Executive is happy to announce to Congress, that Texas
is at peace with the world; that with all foreign powers with whom we
have had intercourse, friendly relations are maintained. The different
tribes on Indians on our borders, with whom treaties exist, have continued
to observe the same with good faith; and within the last dew days,
information has been received, that the only band of Comanches within
our limits, who had maintained until then a hostile attitude towards
Texas, have sued for peace, and expressed a wish to be permitted come
to Bexar celebrate a treaty of friendship, which, on the part of this
Government has been complied with. The arrangement made you regular session,
for additional companies of rangers to be mustered into service, have
been carried into full effect, and have afforded adequate and very efficient
protection to our frontiers. The receipts into the treasury have been
sufficient to meet various expenditures of the government. A specie
currency has been maintained without difficulty; and all the exchequer
bills which were in circulation at the period of your late adjournment,
have been redeemed and withdrawn from circulation; and the Executive
is happy to congratulate the Congress and the country upon a state of
peace, happiness, and prosperity, never before experienced by Texas,
and rarely, if ever, equaled by so young a nation. It only remains for
the Executive to express an assured confidence in your individual wishes
to sustain the best interest of Texas, and the fervent hope the
He, who holds the destinies of me and nations in his hand, may crown
your deliberations with his richest blessings. Anson Jones
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REv42i18p3c4 July 8, 1845 Address to A. J. Donelson
To A.J. Donelson, Charge d’ Affaires of the U. States.
It is believed that the Mexicans were occupying two positions—in what force does not appear.
We find the following article upon the subject in the National Registry
of the 19th: Corpus Christi.—The trade of Corpus Christi has
been remarkably brisk within the last four or five weeks, and the town
is now rapidly improving. Several large parties of traders from the Rio
Grande have visited the place; and they expressed great confidence that
the difficulties between the two countries would soon be adjusted. They
report that large bodies of Mexican troop have recently arrived in the
provinces east of the mountains from the interior, but they did not
state that any larger body of these forces had crossed the Rio Grande.
We are inclined to believe that the forces east of the mountains have
overrated by the spies of Captain Hays. We do not believe that the whole
number of troops at all the positions east of the Sierra Madre exceeds
three thousand. The whole number of troops in Matamoras is estimated
at only three or four hundred. (Telegraph)
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REv42i18p4c4 July 8, 1845 The Lone Star glistening in the American Firmament
We were again disappointed on the morning of the 4th, by not receiving in the New Orleans papers positive information of the union of Texas and the United States, through the Congress of the former. But, before the setting of the sun, the glorious news was brought to the Northern cars, in time to enable the Artillery Company, in their evening salute, to fire one loud, clear and ringing gun for Texas, the newly recovered Pleiad, that for a time, had wandered from its political sphere. This news, which is destined to be received throughout the Union with the most thrilling emotions, will be found in full in another column, as taken from the Union. So impressed were we with its importance, that on Saturday morning we issued an Extra containing the joyful tidings. It is unnecessary for us to comment upon the scenes in the Texan Congress, which themselves speak so eloquently. We defy the world to produce a brighter instance of a people, by an unanimous vote, resisting alike the bribes and frowns of powerful nations, and, with a calm dignity and honorable devoting to principle, uniting itself to the destinies of the only free Government on the earth, resolved to share the glory and the fortunes of its adopted ally. From her tyrannical oppressor, Mexico, Texas had received the kindest and most beneficial offers; but, true to her American blood and high principles, she eschewed the tender, and, with one voice, sheltered herself beneath the Stars and Stripes of the American Union, “bone of her bone and strength of her strength.” In taking this critical step, she incurred the hazard of those “contingencies” to which her vacillating President had so earnestly alluded, and fearlessly crossed the Rubicon of her Fate. She has, thereby, perpetuated her principles, and given evidence to the world, that she is worth of all praise. What will these dreadful “contingencies” amount to? We confidently think, that they will prove to be as unsubstantial as air. The Government of Mexico, however it may desire to catch the popular favor by indulging its fancy for retaliative measures, on account of the supposed insult upon its honor and national rights, will seize the earliest occasion to let the bitter cup pass, and to “ease off” the unpleasant difficulty on the best terms. It must feel conscious of its own excessive weakness. The last accounts tell us of an attempted Revolution in Mexico, and every thing proves that the Government and people are bound to each other by a rope of sand. While they are unable to keep peace at home, and to rally the people to the aid of the authorities, would it not be the extreme of folly to originate hostilities against the United States, strengthened as they are by the area and hearts of Texas? From Mexico, therefore, we apprehend no trouble. Should she be mad enough to resist the course of events, her effort will be like the attempt to dam up the ocean with a bulrush. Poor Captain Elliott, foiled in all his arts and tricks—stripped of his wardrobe by his “loving cousins” of the Mexican mountains, and robed of all the diplomatic reputation which his odious opium transactions in China had won for him with the intriguers of the Old World; we can well understand how, his feelings chafed, his vanity mortified, and his bright visions of success and promotion dissipated, he may endeavor to avenge himself upon the people of the United States, now including Texas, and to that end endeavor to stir up the passions of England. But he will fail.
That nation has, at the present moment, “other (and more important) fish
to fry.” Her hands are quite full enough of troublesome questions,
and she will have no inducement to endanger her own safety and power,
by further intermeddling with our affairs. As to France, our first and
valued ally, much as we regret to see the part she has played in the
discreditable intrigues, in direct contravention of the declaration of
M. Guiznot to Mr. King, we cannot by think that she will soon become
ashamed of her Paul Dry game, and will be far from disposed to incur
our displeasure by further violations of courtesy and good faith. The
news by the Acadia, since received, show that M. Guiznot, as the organ
of the French Government, has disclaimed any intention to meddle with
annexation, though she would refer to see Texas independent. From
abroad, it will be observed, we apprehend no mischievous “contingencies.”
Will our own land raise up traitors enough to stab our honor, national
faith and welling greatness? We have no such fears. There sill scarcely
be found in the broad limits of the Union a handful of men like the Editors
of the New York Tribune, Boston Atlas, and other Northern fanatics, who
have taken the pledge not to aid their country in a foreign war, should
it ensue upon the annexation of Texas. The miserable remnant of humanity
may endeavor to stir up disaffection and rebellion to the solemn action
of our government and people, but they will be frustrated by public
sentiment. The Convention in Texas, which assembled on the 4th
of July, will frame the Constitution of the new State of Texas—and
nothing can prevent the first achievement of the most brilliant event
of the age.. In all sincerity, we believe that this measure, which once
arrayed parties in such bitter hostility to each other, will now be
hailed with joy by the whole Union. We are not disposed to mar the
thrilling pleasure that must be produce by the rapid circulation of
this joyous intelligence. We would willingly let “by-gones by by-gones.”
But as the conductors of a free press, we cannot conscientiously let
this subject pass, without an allusion to the ridiculous and improper
bearing of President Jones, throughout this whole affair. It will be
recollected, that a member of the Texan Cabinet denied positively, that
President Jones had interfered at all with the treaty for independence.
It now seems, from the memoranda brought by Dr. Wright, that the preliminaries,
were agreed upon by Ashbel Smith, Jones’s Secretary of State, that the
Mexican Minister, Cuevas, acknowledged “the receipt of those preliminaries,
through the intervention of Baron Alleye de Cyprey,” that the national
Congress had “consented that Mexico will accede to the preliminaries
proposed by Texas, as the basis of a formal treaty;” and that President
Jones had written a letter to Baron Cyprey, “acknowledging his kind offices
in bringing about the negotiation.” If this series of facts does not
show, on the part of Jones, a zealous desire to defeat annexation, and
to violate the wishes of the people of Texas, there is no connection between
cause and effect. His wretched apologies and shuffling professions will
avail him nothing. The extraordinary conduct of the man will open the
eyes of the people of the Union, and we hope never to see the name
of “Anson Jones” connected with any of the offices of the State of Texas.
The public have bad enough of the services of such men as Jones and
Ashbel Smith. It can well afford to see such eminent patriots and candid
and bold functionaries consigned to the shades of retirement!
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REv42i19p2c1 July 11, 1845 The Glorious Measure of Annexation
The Charleston Courier of the 8th inst. Welcomes the news from Texas in the following brief but emphatic and joyous remarks. This is the spirit which will animate the whole country, as the intelligence is rapidly conveyed over the great mail routes, and gradually finds its way into the obscure recesses of our valleys and mountains. Here and there, there may be a few croakers who will coldly look upon it as an unimportant business transaction of every day life, but the mass of the people will regard it as the most interesting event of the age, and will applaud its consummation as full of blessings to the Union, and as giving new evidence of the power and influence of this great nation. A new era is about to open in the destinies of our Southern neighbors, and we feel confident that they are made of materials, to build their high and reasonable duties, as members of a great and happy confederacy. The annexation of Texas, moreover, has proved the death knell to the machinations of Northern fanatics. In vain did they appeal to the prejudice of the North to oppose this scheme of “slavery.” The judgment and patriotism of the people prevailed over all their devices—and annexation was fully secured by the November Election.
The South was confirmed in her constitutional rights—the compromises of the Federal compact were guarded from violation, and the friend of Union and justice rejoiced at the happy event. Now that one more decisive step has been taken; now, that Texas had added her strength and influence in the South, we may well defy the fiercest assaults and most insidious movements of Northern fanaticism. But, at the same time that we rejoice at the realization of the union and safety of the South against domestic traitors, we wish it to be distinctly understood, that we do not in the least falter in our regard for the blessed Union, or hint at a national schism. This very measure of annexation has done much towards confirming the bonds that unite the different States. While it adds to the scale of the South an important element of power and influence, it throws open a wide and rich field for the productive industry of the North and the West. It appeals to the different sections, in the name both of patriotism and self-interest, to stand by the Union and its blessings. As a great national benefit, therefore, the whole country should rejoice at the triumph of the measure. Time will develop its fruitful sources of strength and prosperity. No longer regarded as a party question, all will be glad to enjoy its benefits, and to share the honor it will shed upon the nation.
“Annexation of Texas.—Yesterday was a fort of gala day in our city. The
bells of old St. Michael’s rang their merry peals the live-long day;
the vessels in our harbor wore their gayest colors; flags streamed from
windows, and across our streets; and at 12 meridian, one hundred guns,
from a volunteer detachment of Col. Kanapaux’s Artillery, thundered
a loud welcome to Texas, as a member of our glorious Union and Republican
family. Every body, we believe, was either please, or at least reconciled
with the event. It has relieved suspense; settled a moot question, put
and end to dispute, and it only remains for all true patriots whether
original friends or foes of the measure, to join in the honest endeavor
to make it work for the good of our country, It has extended our domain—the
domain of freedom and happiness—it has increased our population, and
will bless and enrich the new citizens it has added to the Republic—and
we hope too, it will tend to increase the felicity, as well as the extent,
and the resources, even of the great and happy nation of which the new
State has now become an integral part. We cordially respond to the suggestion
of a correspondent, that a public meeting should be called to tender
a warm welcome to Texas, the candle of our political sisterhood.”
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REv42i19p2c1 July 11, 1845 The Balance of Power
The success of annexation among its numerous benefits, will break up the conjoined effort of European powers to control Republican power to this country, and to effect the wings of free institutions. The National Intelligence contains an interesting letter from its Paris correspondent (Mr. Walsh.) which throws new light upon the movements of England and France. It turns out to be, that the French legations in Texas and Mexico received the same instructions as the British, and that the instructions of the French Cabinet to their diplomatic agent in Texas passed through the hand of Lord Aberdeen. We make a few extracts from the letter of Mr. Walsh. His views merit the attention of every American patriot. “The debate raised on the whole foreign policy is worthy of all attention, as it is reported with signal accuracy and plenitude in the Moniteur of the 11th inst. It seems to me that Billaut and de Beaumot, who spoke for the Opposition, had decidedly the advantage in the points of fact, national sentiment, and sound reasoning. The valetudinary Minister (Guirot) was not less intrepid, rhetorical and plausible than ever, he could not in the end, deny the allegations his adversaries that the instructions of the French Cabinet to their diplomatic agent in Texas passed through the hands of Lord Aberdeen, and that he had fully co-operated with the British Government is endeavoring to prolong and fix the independence of that region. He broached a theory and scheme of a balance of power for the American continent, which means nothing more than the limitation of the aggrandizement of our Union—a general check and control of Republican power—by means of Great Britain for offensive or primary antagonizes to the United States in Canada, she can be only on the defensive. Oregon is too remote and precarious for material operation for a general or viral nature. Several of the Paris editors have shown how chimerical in itself and how inexpedient for France, is this unexpected, far-fetched theory. La Presse (Conservative) says: “We don not find n this opinion any marks of the (ostencity ?) which distinguishes M. Guiznot. The interest of France is not to favor the breaking up into pieces of the American continent, and the creation of a crowd of little States, possessing neither vitality nor real independence.
That is the interest of England, not ours—to would be better for us, and for American herself, that Texas, on which we have no claim, should be protected, defended and fortified by the only Power of that cast continent having strength and good purposes, than that it should remain under the dominion of anarchy, foreign intrigues, and all the causes of destruction and ruin which act so deplorably on most of the other independent republics of the New World.” It is cheering to see such wise and liberal views taken by the Pairs press. Mr. Walsh refers to other sources of good feeling toward the United States on the Texas question, and, among the rest, to “an able inquiry by the Deputy Monsieur Duvergier de Hauranne, into the Present Relations of France and England, and the Re-establishment of the Alliance. He severely and minutely criticizes the doctrines and measure of the Soult-Guizot Cabinet. He dwells on the superior importance for France of the best understanding with the United States; their ultimate cause, he argues, is the same; independently of all positive concert or league, the greatness of France is strength for the United States, and vice versa.
“Until lately,” he adds, ‘I could not believe that our legations in Texas and Mexico received the same instructions as the British; but the language of M. Guizot. On the 10th instant, has set me right and determined the fact. And after this incredible, infatuated proceeding, the Minister orates to us of, I know not what equilibrium to be maintained in America between the United States and Great Britain. He wants three balances of power—one in Europe, another in Asia, the third in America! And, forsooth, Mr. Guizot would throw the weight of France in American into the British scale, for, as Mr. De Beaumont and Mr. De Lasteyne said, in the debate, Texas must be virtually either British or American; she cannot be really independent. This question will doubtless recur in the Chambers, and the Opposition will do their duty; France cannot, without repudiating all common sense and fore-sight, become the ally of England against the United States.” With these glaring facts before the world, can there be an American who does not rejoice at the defeat of foreign intrigues against the supremacy and influence of our free institutions! Here a crusade against the swelling greatness of our Union is openly avowed by the crowned hosts of Europe. But their schemes will be defeated. Texas, “the last stake of Great Britain for offensive or primary antagonism to the United States,” is now secured to us, and British cunning and ambition are baffled. The annexation of that country, in spite of the opposition of France and Great Britain, through their diplomatic agents, is, indeed, a triumph of the Republican spirit. It will secure our country from foreign intrigue, and will strike the world with an irresistible moral power. It will warn the rulers of the old world that there is a force and influence in free institutions, which will secure their onward march against all opposition. The young giant of the West has broken the fetters of foreign diplomacy, and will pursue its quiet and steady march towards the high destiny, which has been marked out for it. While America will carefully abstain from interference with other power, she has just demonstrated that no foreign nation can check or control her movements, or safely meddle with her own rights, and her duties to herself and to the cause of Liberty.
Well, then, may every patriot rejoice at the response which will be
conveyed across the Atlantic to the shuttling intrigues of European
rulers. The subject is full of clustering thoughts and associations.
It opens a new and a bright picture in the history of the world, and
places the American Union on a foundation of strength and influence,
at home and abroad. Me. Walsh further transmits to his countrymen the
following gratifying information: “In the final debate of the Deputies,
on the bill fro the modification of slavery in the French possessions,
Heryer, the great orator of the Legitimiss, paid, in a splendid harangue,
some high compliments to the sagacity and trank energy of Mr. Calhoun’s
letter to Mr. King, and to the discernments and talents of American Statesmen
in general.”
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REv42i19p3c1 July 11, 1845 Marine Journal
Arrived:Schr. Galen, Leeds, Troy, lumber.Sailed.
Schr. Sarah Jane; Rickens, Newark, ballast;
Schr. Ann, LaTourette, N. York, coal;
Schr. Thomas H. Thompson, Wixon, Plymouth;
Schr. Margaret Ann, War, Sandwich, coal;
Brig Caucasian, Watts, Boston; coal.Below.
Schr. Potomac, Duncan, Boston; coal.
Schrs. Peter Ritter, Deborah Ann Brown, and Lynchburg and two other schooners, off Davis Point.Port Walthall. July 9- Arrived,
Barque Bachelor and four schooners off Point of Shoals.
Schr. Charles P. Brown, at Warwick.
Schr. Juliet in Hampton Roads.
Steamer Chesapeake, Capt. Z. C. Gifford, having in tow three square rigged vessels, viz:Barksdale. July 10-Sailed, barque Carolina, Volkman for Bremen, with tobacco and cotton from E.W. DeVoss.
Barque Eunomus, Mansfield, from N. York with cargo and ballast to Haxall, Brothers & Co.
Ship Louisiana, Denhurst, from New York in ballast to Warwick & U Barksdale.
Barque Stephen Brewer, Farraud, from New York in ballast to Warwick &
July 10- Cleared, schr. Missouri, Phillips, for Norfolk, Petersburg and Richmond.Philadelphia,
July 9- Arrived schr. Mirror, Avery and schr. Union, Hughes, from Richmond.New York, July 9- Arrived, schr. Joseph Marsh, Pearce, from Richmond.
Cleared, schr. Catherine Amanda, Teal, for Richmond, and barque Yarmouth, Garwin, for Norfolk.
Cleared, schr Tuscarosa, Dearborn, for Norfolk.Boston, July 7- Arrived, schr. Extio, Robinson, from Richmond:
Cleared, schrs. Henry Lee and Narrageanseti, for Richmond.
Norfolk, July 9- Arrived, Schr. Independence, Kirwan, from Baltimore,
bound to Richmond.
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REv42i19p3c2 July 11, 1845 Military Disposition in Texas
Gov. Yell, of Arkansas, has arrived from Texas, and informs the editors
of the Intelligencer that a cordon of forts will be thrown from
Fort Washita to the Rio Grande—Fort Washita to remain—a fort to be established
on the head waters of the Trinity or Colarado, and one to be located
on the Rio Grande. San Antonio will be the place of headquarters. Three
regiments will be ordered there.
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REv42i19p3c2 July 11, 1845 Will Mexico Declare War?
Politicians here differ about the course which Mexico will pursue.
Gov. Shannon and Capt. Stockton incline to the opinion that her clamorous
and infatuated people will hurry the Government on to hostile measures.
Other politicians here will not believe that England will permit Mexico
to declare war. They say, that it is her interest to keep her at peace,
and that England has peace or war in the palm of her hand. A few
days must now decide the question. Unless England is blindly intent
on war with the United States, and she may think it the time to strike
at us, she will urge upon her ally to keep the peace. (Union.)
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REv42i19p3c2 July 11, 1845 French Squadron
A French squadron is reported have arrived off Pensacola, destined
to act against Mexico. The Mexicans have certainly behaved bad towards
the French Minister and French inhabitants, and they seem to have forgotten
the lesson they once received at Vera Cruz. If the French take possession
of the Castle and City, they will not be disposed to surrender them.
(N.Y. Sun)
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REv42i19p4c2 July 11, 1845 Texas, (The Richmond Times)
It is very cruel in the Times to rebuke our heartfelt rejoicings over the triumph of annexation. It was a matter which has been marked by no little difficulty and for which this paper has sedulously labored, for sometime. We had a right, then, in this free country, to rejoice at the consummation. And the rebuke as particularly ill-timed, when it comes from a journal which, to say the least, has been neutral on this question. Even its yesterdays objurgatory article does not clearly inform the world what its opinions are, or what course it would have taken, had the settlement of the question rested in its hands exclusively. We quote it for the study of our readers:
"We are entirely disposed to acquiesce in the decision of the American
people that Texas is to be a part of our Union, and believe that the
annexation independently of constitutional considerations, will be of
advantage to the country, though now without injury in many respects.”
We hope, then, that the Times will let us rejoice at the results in our
own way. The Editor, in another portion of his columns informs us that
he was “fresh from the schools” of the University. It was natural, therefore,
that he should indulge in verbal criticisms, and play the Censor over
our language. We excuse the province he has assumed; for words are but
of little avail, when used to announce important events. But we must
protest against the attempt of the Mentor of the Times to convict
our language of inconsistency. All have admitted that, for the few past
weeks, annexation was certainly to be expected. The public opinion of
Texas irresistibly ran that way and, on the morning of the 4th,
we announced the consummation as having actually taken place: for “no
rational man could doubt the fact.” But, for a long time after the action
of our Congress, much doubt hung over the result. Indeed, an intelligent
citizen of Texas has very recently assured us, that at one moment
the question was full of gloom and many thought our Resolutions would
be rejected. The opposition of the leading authorities and many distinguished
citizens, the cunning and assiduous diplomacy of Great Britain, her
immense resources, her honeyed promises, the threatened dangers of war,
the conjoined action of the French Minister. (contrary, we hope, to
the instructions of his Government) the direct commercial advantages
held out by G. Britain, and the artful appeals to the vanity of Texas
to maintain an independent and prominent rank among the nations of the
earth these and other facts form the “contingencies” in which we allude
and which many patriots feared would defeat annexation. The Time has
therefore, misconstrued our language, when it makes us refer to the
vote of her Congress as “the critical step.” That vote was but
the final consumation of the public opinion, which had, some time before,
taken “the critical step,” and had put down all the difficulties which
we have grouped above. We agree with the Compiler, that there was no
“hazard” in concluding an arrangement, when these “contingencies” had
been neutralized; but we contend that there was hazard in taking those
critical sets which led to the grand result. The Times looks coldly upon
annexation as common “matter of bargain and sale.” It says: “We might
think it very well for the United States to add a few more cotton
plantations on the Southern border; especially if they could get them
for nothing; (this is a direct contradiction to the Whig’s argument)
but we must confess we see nothing exceedingly glorious in it, on one
side or the other. It sees nothing “glorious” in the diffusion of the
light of education and religion over a most lovely portion of the globe;
the extension of the rich blessings of liberal institutions and enlightened
civilization; and the strengthening of our own bonds of union, and the
multiplication of resources of all the great interests of the country.
All we have to say is, that the Times does not look at this grand and
“glorious” spectacle with the same eye that a majority of the people
of the old and the new world will regard it. The final achievement of
this measure, we venture to predict, will create more excitement, and
call up more admiration, than any event which has transpired for many
years. We insist upon calling it "glorious."
[MSM2]
REv42i19p4c2 July 11, 1845 The Whig
The Whig can hold in no longer about annexation. Yesterday’s No.
is full o “President-making” and private rapacity, impurity of motive,
avarice, injustice, and iniquity,” and such other delicate compliments
to the friends of annexation and they turned out not to be few! Time
will gratify the anxious wishes of the Whig, and will dispel that cloud
of “woe,” which it seems certainly to apprehend. As a foreign State,
Texas would have been more dangerous “rival” of the cotton and sugar
States, than she will now prove, as a member of the same confederacy,
governed by the same laws and subject to the same burdens. It is now
too late to re-argue that point. It was made perfectly clear by the “Whig”
delegate James Lyons, Esq., in the late canvass. For the benefit of
the Whig we re-publish the following from the London Morning Herald:
“Mr. Calhoun reproaches us with opposing the annexation of Texas,
because we wish to destroy slavery first in Texas, then in the United
States. We avow it frankly, and invite our friends of France
to avow it with us. We desire to abolish slavery in the United States
from philanthropic and commercial, and still more from political reasons.
As long as the United States preserve the monopoly of cotton,
they hold the manufacturers of Europe in check and dictate laws
to them and they will preserve the labor of the blacks. If, on the contrary,
England were to prevent annexation she might at some future day, with
India and Texas, (mark Indian and Texas afterwards) ruin the cotton
trade of the United States, and in her turn dictate laws to all the
manufactories in the world.” The Standard, a paper in the confidence
of the of Prime Minister says: “ The Republicans of American seem to
be little concerned about slavery; but, it must be admitted that, without
the labor of the blacks, they could not produce cotton—that cotton which
plays so important a part in their exports. Jin just recompense to her
disinterstedness, England might soon render the cotton producing labor
of the slaves useless, and thus abolish slavery by transporting the production
of cotton through the aid of free blacks, to another hemisphere.”
[MSM2]
REv42i19p4c2 July 11, 1845 Singular Dispatch
Everything goes to prove that late voyage of the Princeton from Galveston
to Annapolis one of the most remarkable on record. She passed the Capes
of Virginia last Wednesday nigh, and Tuesday morning, the good
people of N. Orleans, so much nearer the scene of action, had not heard
a word of the decisive action of the Texan Congress. The New Orleans
Bulletin, of Monday, gives information from the seat of Government of
Texas up to the 15th June, the day before the meeting of Congress.
The general impression was, that “unanimity would prevail” upon the
annexation question. The Bulletin presents the following views, which
may enlighten the minds of some to the Whigs as to the chances of war.
Many of them, we learn, are now pleased with the result, though, with
their usual croaking, they profess to apprehend a breadth of the peace.
On that point our mind is at ease. “So soon as the measure of annexation
passed the Congress will authorize the President to make a requisition
on the United States for a sufficient military force to be marched
to the Rio Grande, to repel the encroachments of Mexico on that
line of boundary. Ere this, no doubt, the question of annexation is
settled in the affirmative. An United States army may now be moving
to occupy its position of the Eastern bank of the Del Norte. It remains
to be seen, whether Mexico will dare dispute the boundary. She has an
army assembled on the Western bank, and if a collision takes place at
all, it will be on the line of the Rio Grande del Norte. A few days
more will tell the result, and furnish us with the last scene in the
grand drama of which Texas has been the theatre during ten years past.”
[MSM2]
REv42i20p1c4 July 15, 1845 More Treason
The course of the N.Y. Tribune continues to be marked by the most violent temper, and an utter disregard of national faith and honor. It would wreak its vengeance for political disappointments, upon the fair fame and dearest rights of the country. The spirit of fanaticism is at the bottom of all its fierce movements. It is the duty of the people to point the finger and scorn at every man who would thus sacrifice his native land to the unhallowed schemes of mischievous party. We, therefore, make further extracts from the columns of the Tribune, in order that all patriots, of whatever political party, may know the schemes of some of the leading journals, and may prepare to prostrate the spirit of disaffection to our national cause, wherever and however it may spring up. Many Whigs, who were conscientiously opposed to annexation, have sunk their party feelings, and looking alone to the country’s faith and honor, and to the avowed policy of European nations to check the growth of Republican strength, and to establish an odious and absurd “balance of power,” have nobly come to the rescue, and stand ready to defend and preserve our rights in Texas, at all hazards. Not so, the New York Tribune and its associate fanatics. The look upon Annexation as a triumph over their mad schemes, and unblushingly avow their determination to resist it, in every manner. We have no idea to what extent this feeling may pervade the Northern States. It is true, that the Tribune is the leading Whig paper in New York, and, from its large circulation, has been selected as the depository of the Post Office advertisements.
But we cannot believe that the anti-American feelings, which taint its columns, can, to any extent, affect the masses. It is particularly gratifying to know, that all the other Whig journals in New York have bowed to the popular will and surrender their objections to the completion of a measure which the United States are bound in honor to effect. The Tribune may call upon its fanatical clans to undertake a new and angry crusade against Texas—but its labors will be in vain. The mercantile and manufacturing classes begin to discover the benefits which they will derive from the new acquisition, and will be eager for the fruit. The Abolitionists will be staggered by the astounding victory over domestic and foreign intrigue and fanaticism, and will cower beneath the concentrated strength of the South, aided by the true friends of the Union in every State. Public sentiment is being rapidly and universally aroused to the vast importance of Texas, like Louisiana and Florida, to be safety and welfare of the Union. We have to fear of the threats of such traitors as are arrayed against annexation. The whole nation will laugh at the absurd and impotent menaces of the Tribune, as we now give them to our readers. Speaking of the passage of the joint resolution of our Congress, it says: “Yet this was not a efficient humiliation for the Representatives of the States and of the people before Presidential power. There must be farther usurpation.
The House Resolution, which could not pass the Senate, becomes a law contrary
to the will of our branch of the Legislature, has new conditions attached
to it by the ‘magnanimous views’ of our President, which if submitted
to the Representatives of the people, would have absolutely prevented
its passage through the House. And that, is the abominable combination
of fraud, usurpation, and robbery that we are now called upon to support
and extol. Do the successful manipulations and cunning of the pickpocket,
or the daring villains of the highway robber become (not readable) by
success? Or is it incumbent on honest men to coincide in the iniquity
quietly, when the deed is done? No! Crime and iniquity are the same,
whether successful or not; and he who aids or abets, or ceases to condemn
and resist, becomes a participator in the wrong and infamy. Neither the
money gained in the rise of Texas Scrip, nor the wealth acquired from
old grants of what are now Texas lands, can make wrong right, or
sanctify the most disgraceful drama of fraud and crime on record.”
[MSM2]
REv42i20p1c5 July 15, 1845 Echo of the Sentiment of the Whole Nation
Among the toasts drunk on the 4th at Martinsburg, Virginia,
we find the following capital one. It will turn out that we were not
singular in styling annexation as a “glorious” achievement: “By Charles
James Faulkner. The 4th of July. The Anniversary of the
dawn of American, and of the close of Texian Independence. As
a Nation the Republic of Texas will this day cease to exist; but the
light of her extinguished Star will re-appear with increased luster
with in the circle of our own effulgent Constellation; and henceforth
the glories of Yorktown and of San Jacinto will be the common inheritance
of one free and united people.”
[MSM2]
REv42i20p2c1 July 15, 1845 Latest and Interesting from Texas
The Executive has been polite enough place in our hands the following correspondence between Major Donelson and the Government of Texas, along with a printed document, communicated to the Congress of Texas, and comprising some of the mysteries of the Treaty with Mexico. It implicates Mr. President Jones in the extraordinary transactions. We hasten to lay them before our readers. This ridiculous negotiation, at which the courts of England and France will have some cause to blush—every way ridiculous, as well on account of the scheme itself, as of the conduct of its agents. (Elliot and Saligny .) and of its unqualified and unanimous rejection by the Senate of Texas, will reflect some light on the absurd and new-fangled doctrine of M. Guizot, about the balance of power on the American continent. How ridiculous, that after all this scenery, machinery, and doctorations ”—after all this elaboration of machinery—all this working of the wires—all these trips of the Eurydice back wards and forwards—the Mexican Treaty should have been unanimously rejected. The whole drama, indeed, is more ridiculous tan any farce which was ever played upon the French or English stage. The papers, which we here lay before our readers, were received in this city last evening. They were to Galveston by Col. Samuel H. Marshall of Nashville, Tennessee, the brother-in-law of Judge Catros, who died at Galveston of a fever caught from exposure to the sun in the prairies on his way to that place. They were brought from Galveston by Captain Foster, in the revenue cutter Woodbury, who arrived at New Orleans on the 4th of July, and a letter from New Orleans, which encloses the to our Government, states, upon the authority of Captain Fowler, a report which had reached Galveston, that Major Donelson was seriously ill; but “I hope, (says the New Orleans Correspondent.) that the report is without foundation.” The Congress of Texas was to adjourn, by resolution, on the 28th June. Department of State Washington, June 23, 1845.
The undersigned, Attorney-General of the Republic of Texas, charged ad interim with the direction of the Department of State, by order of His Excellency, the President, has the honor of transmitting to the Hon. Mr. Donelson, Charge d’ Affaires of the United States near this government, the enclosed copy of a join resolution, adopted by both houses of the Congress of Texas, on the 21st instant, and this day received and approved by the President, declaring the consent of the existing government of this Republic to the terms of the proposition for annexation, tendered by the United States, through the Hon. Mr. Donelson, on the 31st of March ultimo, to the government and people of Texas.
To all true friends of the great cause of annexation, and especially to the Hon. Mr. Donelson, whose energies and talents have been so ably and faithfully devoted to the success of that cause through the several stages of its recently triumphant progress, it must be peculiarly gratifying to observe the harmony and unanimity with which this resolution has passed the two houses of Congress, and received the Executive approval. Rejecting the idea of separate nationality, although commended to their choice by the proffered recognition of their independence by Mexico, and the countenance of powerful European sovereignties, the people of this country have thus evinced, by most decided manifestations, their strong by natural preference for the advantages of a voluntary incorporation into the American Union, and their strong attachment to the free institutions of that great and glorious Republic. Among the features of the resolution, it must be gratifying to the Hon. Mr. Donelson and his government to observe that provision, whereby the acts of the convention, to meet on the 4th proxima, are clothed with all the sanctions which can result from the concurring approval and consent of the executive, and the representatives of the people; and not less gratifying, the undersigned trusts, will be the assurance necessarily resulting from the premises, that the various steps yet to be taken on the part of this republic to perfect, so far as depends upon her, the measure of annexation upon the proposed basis, will be adopted with the same promptness and fidelity which have distinguished her preceding movements in the great cause, and to that confiding spirit of firm reliance upon the magnanimity and generosity of the United States, which has ever characterized the policy of her government and the dispositions of her people. The undersigned renews to Mr. Donelson, the assurance of his high regard, and remains his most obedient servant.
Ebner Allen.
Hon. A. J. Donelson.The undersigned charge d’affaire of the United States, has the honor to acknowledge communication the Hon. Mr. Allen of this date, transmitting an official copy of the joint resolution which has been adopted by the Congress of Texas, giving the consent of their existing government for her admission as State of the federal Union and also giving the same consent to the steps which had been previously taken by this Excellency the President, to obtain from the people the requisite sanction for the measure on their part, on the terms offered by the United States. That this measure should be so acceptable to the existing Government and people of Texas a high proof of its wisdom; and its consummation in the manner described the Hon. Mr. Allen is no less honorable to the two countries than it is auspicious of the success and perpetuity of the principles of the Federal Union. The undersigned will value it as the most fortunate event of his life, to have been associated, as public agent, with the preparation and maturity of the steps which were necessary to the accomplishment of the measure; and he recurs therefore, with a just sensibility to the responsibility devolved upon him, to the flattering assurance he has received from this Government of the manner in which he has performed his duty. With equal sincerity, the undersigned bears testimony to the early determination of his Excellency, the President, to refer the proposals offered by the United States to the Congress and people of Texas, and to execute faithfully their decision upon them. And he also bears testimony to the uniformly kind and courteous manner in which the Hon. Mr. Allen has conducted the negotiation on the part of his Government. And the undersigned renews to Mr. Allen assurances of the high regard with which he continues.
His most obedient servant, A. J. Donelson.
Hon. Ebenezer Allen Attorney General of Texas and Acting Secretary of State.
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Correspondence. Relating to a Treaty of Peace between Mexico and Texas, upon the basis of an acknowledgement of the Independence of the latter.
Executive Department. Washington, June 18, 1845.
To the honorable the Senate: The Executive herewith respectfully transmits to your honorable body, for its constitutional advice and action, the “conditions preliminary to a treaty of peace between Mexico and Texas,” signed on the part of the (not readable) at the city of Mexico, on the 19th of May, ultimo, together with an addition declaration made by the Government of Mexico, of the same date, in connexion with these conditions. The correspondence connected with the above is also transmitted for the information of the Senate. The Executive requests the Senate to return the original the original papers so soon they shall have received its examination and action. Anson Jones. [Translation] Legation of France in Mexico.
Mr. President, I am happy be able to announce to your Excellency, that the Mexican Government, after having obtained the authorization of the two Chambers of Congress, has acceded to the four preliminary articles which the Secretary of State of Texas had remitted to the Charges de Affaire of France and England hope your government, and which these last had transmitted to me, and to the minister of G.B.M to be presented to the Executive power of Mexico. The act of acceptation, clothed with the necessary forms, will be handed by Mr. Elliot to the Secretary of State of the Texian Government and your Excellency will thence find yourself in a situation to name commissioners to negotiate with Mexico the definitive treaty between Mexico and Texas. The success, which has crowned our efforts has only been obtained by much management of susceptibilities.
But I should say that the dispositions of the Executive power have never appeared doubtful to me, and that they give the hope of a solution proper to satisfy the two parties, and assure their reciprocal well-being. If, in the course which must be given to this affair, I can contribute to the wise views and sound policy which animate your Excellency, I shall lend myself to it with so much the more zeal, that it relates to the accomplishment of a work useful to humanity; and if the result answers to our hopes I shall consider the results which I have taken in it as one of the deed for which I may most applaud myself in my diplomatic career.
Receive, Mr. President, the assurances of the high consideration with which I am your Excellency’s very humble and obedient servant.
Baron Alleye De Cyprey.
Mexico, 26th May, 1845.
His Excellency Mr. Anson Jones.
President of the Republic of Texas, & c.
The foregoing is a correct translation of the original.
Stephen Z Hoyle. Translator.
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Conditions preliminary to a treaty of peace between Mexico and Texas.1. Mexico consents to acknowledge the independence of Texas.
2. Texas engages that she will stipulate in the treaty not to annex herself, or become subject to any country whatever.
3. Limits and other conditions to be matter of arrangement to the final treaty.
4. Texas will be willing to remit disputed points respecting territory and other matters to the arbitration of umpires.
Done at Washington (on the Brazos) the 29th
March, 1845.
Ashbel Smith Secretary of State.
[Translation]
The undersigned, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the King of the French, and Minister Plenipotentiary of Her Britannic Majesty, certify that the above copy conforms with the original, which has been presented to them by Mr. Elliott, H.B.B Charge d’Affaires to Texas.
Baron Alleye de Cyprey,
Charles Bankhead,
Mexico, 20th May, 1845.
The above is a correct translation of the original.
S.Z. Hoyle Translator.
---------
[Translation] The Minister of Foreign Affairs and Government of the Mexican Republic has received the preliminary propositions of Texas for an arrangement of definitive treaty between Mexico and Texas, which are of the following tenor: Conditions preliminary to a treaty of peace between Mexico and Texas.
1. Mexico consents to acknowledge the independence of Texas.
2. Texas engages that she will stipulate in the treaty not to annex herself, or become subject to any country whatever.
3. Limits and other conditions to be matter of arrangement to the final treaty.
4. Texas will be willing to remit disputed points respecting territory and other matters to the arbitration of umpires.
Done at Washington (on the Brazos) the 29th
March, 1845.
Ashbel Smith Secretary of State.
The Government of the Republic has asked, in consequence, of the national Congress the authority which has granted, and which is of the following tenor:
The Government is authorized to hear the propositions which Texas has made, and to proceed to the arrangement or celebration of the treaty, that may be fit and honorable to the Republic, giving an account to Congress for its examination and approval.” In consequence of the preceding authority of the Congress of the Mexican Republic, the undersigned, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Government, declares: That the supreme Government receives the four articles above mentioned as the preliminaries of a formal and definitive treaty, and further, that it is disposed to commence the negotiation (as soon as) Texas may desire, and to receive the commissioners which she may name for this purpose.
Luis G. Cuevas
Mexico, May 19th, 1845.
The above is a correct translation of the original.
Stephen Z Hoyle. Translator. [Translation]
Additional Declaration.
It is understood, that, besides the four preliminary articles proposed by Texas, there are other essential and important points which ought also to be included in the negotiation, and that if this negotiation is not realized on account of circumstances or because Texas, influenced by the law passed in the United States for annexation, should consent thereto, either directly or indirectly, then the answer which under this data is given to Texas by the undersigned Minister for Foreign Affairs, shall be considered as null and void.
Luis G. Cuevas,
Mexico May 19, 1845.
The above is a correct translation of the original.
Stephen Z. Hoyle, Translator.
---------
Executive Department. Washington (Texas) June 6, 1845
Sir, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency’s letter of the 20th ultimo; which, together with the official documents referred to in it, and be which Mexico has given Texas, upon the basis of an acknowledgment of the independence of the latter, were handed me by Mr. Elliot, Charge d’Affaires of her Britannic Majesty near this Government, on the 2d instant. For your kindness and courtesy in transmitting these interesting and important papers, as well as for your valuable services in producing the result which they announce to me, and the offer of a continuance of the same good offices whenever they can be useful, I beg you to accept my best thanks. Should the result be the establishment of a good understanding, and a lasting peace between the Governments of Texas and Mexico, with the concurrence of their people, the cause of humanity will assuredly by greatly indebted to your efforts, in its behalf. I have the honor to transmit you, herewith, for such disposition as you may think proper to make of them, certified copies of the proclamation issued by me on the 4th inst. Announcing to the people the agreement of Mexico to the preliminaries of peace, and the consequent cessation of hostilities between the two countries. The Congress of Texas will assemble on the 16th of the present month, and a convention on the 4th of July proximo. These bodies have been convoked to consider the propositions made by the government of the United States on the subject of annexation. The subject of our relations with Mexico will also be present to them, and their decisions will necessarily govern my (more action in reference to the same.) Accept, sir, the assurances of high consideration and respect with which I remain, your Excellency’s most obedient servant.
Anson Jones.
To his Excellency.
The Baron Alley de Cyprey &c., &c.
[MSM2]
REv42i20p2c3 July 15, 1845 The Heat of War
By yesterday’s Southern mail, we received the N.O. Tropic of the 7th inst., from which we extract some interesting intelligence from Mexico. It seems that the Congress have passed, and the Executive sanctioned, a decree full of warlike sound, earnestly invoking all her “children” to the defence of the National Independence, and alleging that “the Government will put under arms all the force of the army” and “use all her resources and power to resist said aggression (the annexation of Texas) to the uttermost” This looks very formidable on paper, but, as we are assured at the same time, that the Mexican finances are very low, and that the Government officers have great difficulty in getting one-fourth of their salaries, it may and will be presumed, that her “resources and power” are in the most wretched condition, and that “all the force of the army” must be trifling indeed, without the resources to pay the necessary expenses of a campaign. When we reflect, moreover, that revolutions are daily breaking out, and that the river Nueces and other water course in Texas are so swollen by rain as to be impassable, and will probably remain in that situation for some months, so as to prevent an invasion by the Mexicans from that quarter, we may put our minds at ease, as to an early commencement of hostilities for the “unjust despoliation” of Texas, which Mexico herself had agreed to recognise as an independent Republic. For appearance sake and to appease the rabid partisans of Santa Anna, the Mexican Government may talk of war and may issue fearful decrees, but they have not the courage, nor the means to force hostile measures upon the United States; armed as the latter are with the weapons of liberty and justice, and united as they will be in opposing foreign invasion, from whatever quarter it may come. But should “madness rule the hour,” and a skirmish ensue, (for such an equal contest would not deserve the name of ‘war,”) our people will be gratified to know, that their Government have adopted wise and energetic measures to meet the worst state of things that can ensue. The Tropic has the following “ Military Movements. The steamboat Yazoo arrived here on Friday evening from Fort Jesup, with five companies of the 4th regiment U.S. Infantry, which proceed immediately to the Barracks below the city. “The steamboat Rodolph arrived yesterday bringing from the same Military Post, the staff officers of the 3d and 4th Regiments of Infantry, and three companies of troops which also proceeded to the Barracks. The 1st Regiment of U.S. Dragoons, commanded by Col. Twiggs, has proceeded by land from Fort Jesup for the Rio Grande.
“Military. We learn that Company “E,” 3d regiment U.S. Artillery, left Charleston on the 57th ult. on board the brig Hayne, under the command of 1st Lieut. Braxton Bragg, accompanied by 1st Lieut. George H. Thomas and 2d Lieut. D. H. Hill, destined for New Orleans. As soon as the Joint Resolution was sanctioned by our Government, instant steps were taken by the Executive to project the people of Texas, in the new contingency in which they were placed and now, that Texas is virtually an integral part of our country, the people will commend the whole course of the Administration for their prudent and efficient arrangements to secure the new response against all hazards at the same time taking no step to violate existing Treaties, or, unnecessarily, disturb the amicable relations between the two nations. But to the last news.
[From the New Orleans Tropic July 7.) From Mexico. The schooner Creole, Capt. Frank, from Vera Cruz arrived here yesterday, having sailed on the 24th ult. An accident occurred on board the Creole during her voyage; which proved fatal to the steward and endangered the safety of the vessel. A casket of spirits took fire whilst the steward was in the act of drawing off some for use; the cask burst; and it was with great difficulty the fire was subdued—the injuries received by the steward caused his death. He was buried at the Balize. Capt. Frank reports that Gen. Bustamente arrived at Vera Cruz on the 17th ult.; and offered his services to sustain the integrity of the Mexican territory and the dignity of the Republic. He was rather coolly received by the Government and it is reported that he refused the military honors rendered him on his arrival. It was believed that his return was not invited by any party, and that he had no desire to meddle in public affairs. The people generally were quiet, and not at all alarmed, not withstanding the war cries made by the Federalists and the partisans of Santa Anna, who are loud in denouncing the Government for want of energy. The state of the finances was presumed to be pretty low, as the officers in the employ of the government found great difficulty in obtaining one fourth of their salaries. Business was very dull. The publication of the new tariff law was daily anticipated. The vomito, or yellow fever, was prevailing to a very aggravated extent at Vera Cruz. Capt Frank reports that the French sloop of war La Perouse arrived at Vera Cruz on the 24th, from Galveston, with intelligence of the action the Texan Congress, on the Annexation question.
Mr. Jon Cumminger, of this city, bearer of dispatches to the U.S. Government, came passenger in the Creole. We submit the following letter from our Vera Cruz correspondent:
[Correspondence of the Tropic.] Vera Cruz, 22d June, 1845.
Dear Sir: I had the pleasure of receiving by the schr. Creole, from your part, several copies of the Tropic, for which I am obliged. Here every body is anxiously expecting news from Texas, as to whether it will be annexed to the United States.
The Senate has returned to the Chambers the Dictamen respecting the new Tariff, but whether in favor or against mercantile interests is not yet known. The Ex-acting President, General Canaliso, and Ex-Minister of War, General Basadre, not accepting the propositions made them by Government, to be expatriated for ten years, have been imprisoned for the same term, the former in the castle of Perote, and the latter in that of San Juan de Ullon . On the 7th inst, an attempt at revolution was made in the Capitol, at the head of which was General Rangel, who made prisoners of Herara, president ad interim, and some of his Ministers, but it was put an end to in less than an hour by the discomfiture of the revolutionists; some 20 persons lost their lives between citizens and soldiers. Rangel escaped, has since been taken, tried, and condemned to lose his military honors, and to ten years’ imprisonment. I am afraid this country will never a state of tranquility. General Tornel has been dispatched to Matamoras, as although he took no active part in the fray, yet he is considered a malcontent, and likely to assist any revolutionary project against the present Government. A decree has been passed by the Congress, and sanctioned by the Executive, the substance of which is:
“That the National Congress of the Mexican Republic, considering that the Chambers of the United States, sanctioned by a decree of the Executive, have resolved to incorporate the Territory of Texas to the American Union, and that this mode of appropriating foreign territories, of which other foreign nations are the rightful owners, introduces a monstrous novelty of great importance to the peace of the world, and detrimental to the sovereignty of nations. That this usurpation, thus consummated to the prejudice of Mexico, has been insidiously preparing for a length of time, whilst the most cordial friendship has been proclaimed, and whilst this Republic has scrupulously respected the existing treaties between her and the United States.
“That the aggregation of Texas to the United States tramples under foot all the conservatory principles of societies, attacks all the right that Mexico posses on said territory, is an insult to her dignity as a sovereign nation and threatens her independence and political being. That those principles which served as the basis to the treaties of friendship, commerce, and navigation, and especially that of the precise limits even in treaties previous of 1830, been threatened on the part of the United States are considered violated by that nation. “And finally, That the unjust defoliation of which she wishes to make the Mexican nation the victim, constitutes a just right to use all her resources and power to resist said aggression to the uttermost.
Decrees.
1st. The Mexican nation convokes all her children (hijos) to the defence of the National Independence threatened by the usurpation of the territory of Texas, which is included to be carried into effect by the decree of annexation passed by the Chambers and sanctioned by the President of the United States.
2nd. In consequence of which the Government will put under arms all the force of the army, conformably to the authority conceded by the existing laws—and for the preservation of public order, sustaining the Institutions, and if necessity requires, to serve as a reserve to army; the Government using the faculties conceded on the 9th December, may raise forces, of which the said decree speaks, under the name of Defenders of the Independence and of the Laws.
Mexico, 4th June.
The U.S. schr. Onkahie arrived here the 19th inst., and left again on the 20th, but I have not heard that she brought any news. The U. States squadron left here some seven or eight days ago for Pensacola. Business is very dull, both here and in the interior; nothing at present is selling, nor can a revival be expected until the new Tariff is known, which, it is to be hoped, will be soon, as merchants will not shop until the new Tariff is known, which, it is to be hoped, will be soon, as merchants will not ship until they are certain what duties will be levied.
It is also hoped that a good many prohibited articles will again be allowed to come in. The treasury is in a most miserable state of poverty; employees, soldiers, sailors, etc., receiving scarcely any pay, all the engineers of the steamers have come on shore, as on board they could not even get provisions, they are determined not to return until they are paid—and, as the Mexicans say; “quien sabe” when that will be, as but few goods are coming, or will come, for some months. The Conducta from Mexico arrived here on the 18th inst. Bringing about $430,000. Without further to add,
I remain, respectfully, your obedient servant.
June 23d.
Since writing what precedes, we have had two arrival today. The French man-of-war La Perouse from Galveston, which, it is said, brings the purport of which is, however, not yet known, and a schooner from Tabasco, which brings the news of that place having pronounced for Federalism. British Consistency. However strenuously Great Britain may have exerted herself to interfere with our policy and prevent the annexation of Texas, it seems that she has had no scruples in making appropriation to herself of rich and valuable countries—While her great intriguer, Capt. Elliot, who turns out to be the identical “man in the white hat,” a creature as mysterious as the celebrated “man with the iron mask,” was floating from Texas to Mexico, in the absurd hope of defeating annexation; that grasping nation, and arrogant “Mistress of the Seas,” fertile in resources, has had other intriguers in different portions of the world successfully engaged in promoting annexation for her own benefit. In the proceedings of the British Parliament, we see that Mr. Chas. Buller made an able speech, and characterized “the annexation of New Zealand” as a work congenial with the British national temperament and character, and urgently imposed upon Great Britain by the conditions of unnatural existence, of which the objects are, “to extend the employment of our shipping and our seamen—to secure new sources of supply for the raw materials for our Manufactures,” and open markets independent of the policy of other nations—to provide the destitute with a home, where honest labor may insure a subsistence, to augment the influence of the British name, and to spread over the farthest ends of the earth our language, our arts, and our institutions.” It is all right in Great Britain to aggrandize herself by the annexation of these Islands, of such vast commercial and political importance, and so full of beauty, productiveness and salubrity ; it is, on her part, most honorable and proper to extend her power over the most distant portions of the earth, and to plant her heavy foot upon those islands, by means of simple colonization. All this is noble and just in Great Britain.
But when the United States welcome to her Union a Republic of kindred
character-one that has been declared independent by Great Britain and
other great nations, and is necessary to us, in order to check the
invasion of foreign influence and ambition---then the tune is changed.
Our people are represented as stimulated by a wild and lawless spirit
of self-aggrandizement; Great Britain arrogantly interferes, throws
into the question her most finished intriguer, and actually humbugs our
oldest ally, France, into a support of British policy. England
may, if she choose, annex New Zealand, or even Patagonia, the
land of Giants,, as we learn by the last accounts, we shall not interfere.
Upon the same principle, we expect her to act towards us. She has made
a ridiculous failure in her late diplomacy—and we trust that she has
become nauseated with the whole Texas question. We can scarcely believe,
that she will take the responsibility of tampering with our rights in
Texas, now so near completion.
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REv42i20p3c7 July 15, 1845 Marine Journal
Arrived.
Steamer Columbus, Parrish, Baltimore, sundries.Sailed.
Steamer Jewess, Sutton, Norfolk.
Schr. Olympia, Hubbard, from below, corn to W. Anderson.
Schr. Independence, Kerwan, Baltimore, sundries.
Schr. Lenity, Smith, Boston, plaster.
Brig Nancy Jane, Godfrey, New York, salt to Davenport & Allen.
Brig Josephine, Robinson, Boston plaster to Haskins & Libby.
Schr. W. Mowry, Hoffman, New York, ballast.
Schr. Susan Ludwig, Corling, BostonNew York,
Schr. Eliza Ann, Tyler, Elkton.
Cleared. Ship Washington, Beason, for Antwerp, tobacco, cotton and slaves, by C.F. Osborne.
Cleared, schr. Elizabeth, Beaston, for Richmond;Boston, July 11—Arrived, schr. Wave, Berry, from Richmond.
ship Minerva, Hagar, and schr. Orson, Henderson, for City Point.
July 13.—Cleared, brig Louve, Von Hagen and
schrs. Sea, Hart, and Elmyra, Salters, for Richmond.
REv42i20p4c3 July 15, 1845 Whig Press on Annexation
The Norfolk Herald, alluding to the question of annexation, says: “Our mere party opposition to the measure is removed, and, on the scope of national policy, we offer no objection; we believe it will ultimately be found to be of necessary to the welfare and defence of the country as the acquisition of Florida and Louisiana, (of which it is claimed to be a part.) There are strong arguments against it, we admit. There is no specific power in the Constitution to cover the ground.” The Herald, at the same time, lashes the anti-slavery people of the North for not have “secured the election” of Mr. Clay, who, according to the Herald, would have exerted all his influence to defeat annexation. His known opposition to it, and his election by the Abolitionists, would have so far influence the Whigs of Congress, as to exclude Texas forever. And yet the Whigs in Virginia urged the election Mr. Clay as the surest means of securing Texas. Is it not a source of pleasure, to every Republican, that, by voting for Mr. Polk, he not only vindicated the true cause, but rendered annexation certain, and without qualification? Look at another wing of Whiggery, and see what savage threats are made by the New York Tribune. So far from surrendering, that journal is for “war to the knife.” His mutterings of wrath are terrible: “We tell them again, that the adversaries of annexation have not given up the contest, as they assert, and will not give it up while we have a gun which can be brought to bear. We shall make a stand in Congress on every inch of holding ground—on the consummation of the gigantic inequity, directly, on the slave clause of the constitution of the new State; and on the admission into the Union of each new slaveholding State which may be formed from Texan territory.
Petitions from the people against admitting Texas with a constitution guaranteeing eternal slavery, will pour into the next Congress with a million of signatures. A case will probably be made up for the Supreme Court, to test there the validity of an act which even the Courier declares a violation of the Constitution. Of course, it has not a shadow of rightful force; and we may fairly presume, that the Supreme Court will pronounce it null and void. Conspirators! You have won an advantage over us by treachery and deceit! But do no calumniate us by saying we have laid down our arms—Come and take them!” Conspirators” would better suit the character of such men as the editors of the Tribune, & c., who have taken a pledge not to aid their country in a foreign war, forced upon us by annexation. We shall not pretend to answer the budget of arguments brought forward by the tribune; we find it well done by another Whig ally, the N.Y. Express—in whose views we fully concur. The cool manner in which the Express cuts up all the assumptions of the Tribune, must grate on the ear of the latter gentle, passionless editor. “The ‘guns,’ and the ‘stand,’ and the ‘Petitions,’ too, will all be in vain. There will not be more than ten or twelve Senators in Congress voting now against the annexation of Texas. The Southern and Southwestern Whigs deem the question settled, and will agitate against it no more. It is only a sectional question now, and the weaker section is rent in twain, one great party going with the South. There is no doubt, too, that the active interference of England and France to prevent annexation, has swollen the strength of those who, in this country, have desired to see it brought about.: The N.Y. Courier says: “Our firm belief is, that the whole country will be greatly benefited by that eve, while, instead of weakening, it will add greatly to the strength of the Union. Sub we know, were not the opinions of most of the Northern people some months since, but time and reflection, have opened their eyes measurably to the true merits of the question.
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REv42i20p4c5 July 15, 1845 Singular Coincidence
- The good people of New Orleans received, by the sloop Cutter, the news of the annexation of Texas, on Thursday evening, July 3d—the same day that the intelligence by the Princeton reached Washington City. It came just in time to give a new zest to the celebration of the 4th. As an evidence of the joyous feeling produced by the reception of the news, we quote from the Picayune of the 4th July.
“This should indeed by a day of jubilee for the citizens of Louisiana. The news of the annexation of Texas reached us last evening, as if in swell the triumphant shouts with which all will hail the dawn which ushers in our independence. We regret that the news did not reach here at an earlier day, so that millions instead of thousands might raise their voices on so grand an anniversary in admiration and applause of the triumph achieves over European arts and diplomacy—Here at least as bumpers shall be quafled to the “The Day we Celebrate,” and the memory of those who have made it immortal, the health of those whose influence effected this grand national achievement will not be forgotten.” There is not much information in addition to what we have already. We cull from the Picayune a few items: “From the foregoing, it will be seen how signally have failed the intrigues and machinations of Elliot, Jones, Saligny & co., to prevent the Annexation of Texas. Speaking of Elliot, the Galveston News says, that ‘the people of Texas are under obligations of gratitude to him for surely if any one man has done more than another to advance the cause of Annexation, he is the cone.’ Complimentary, very. “The news of the passage of the Annexation resolutions caused not a little excitement at Galveston. Salutes were fired, and other demonstrations of rejoicings were given. “Jose Antonio Navarro, who was an long confined a prisoner in Mexico, has been elected a delegate to the Convention from Bexaf . Volney E. Howard, formerly of Mississippi, has also been elected from the same county. “Two vessels have arrived at Galveston from Bremen, having on board 185 German emigrants. “More trouble is anticipated from the Camanches.
Some of them who have recently bee in at Torrey’s Trading House, did not receive as many presents as they desired, when the hostile looks and muttered threats of man of the warriors showed that they are yet by no means disposed to bury the hatchet. The United States Dragoons, we have little doubt, will set these savages right. “Mr. Gardner, ex-sheriff of Fayette county, was killed in a duel at La Grange a few days since. “The accounts of the crops in every section of Texas are very flattering “All appeared to be quiet on the frontiers.” “We learn that Gen. Taylor, in command of the troops at Fort Jesup, has received orders from the War Department to the following effect: the 3d and 4th regiments of Infantry are to move immediately to some point in the neighborhood of this city, there to wait until the action of the Texon Convention, which meets today at Austin, is known, when they will probably move by water to Corpus Christi, or some other place in that neighborhood.
The 4th regiment, it is thought, will reach the barracks below
our city today or tomorrow. “The 2d Dragoons, under Col. Twiggs, will
be ordered to proceed to the Rio Grande by land at the same time
the infantry starts by water. The Department, we have heard it rumored,
recommended the dragoons to march on foot, probably deeming that there
would not be sufficient forage for their horses. The officers in command,
however, and very wisely and justly to our thinking, have resolved not
to dismount this valuable command, knowing that the portions of Texas
to be traversed offered the most ample subsistence. “Since writing the
above, we learn by the De Soto, that the steamboats Yazoo, Cote Joyeuse,
Rodolph and De Soto, have been chartered by the Government to convey
the two infantry regiments mentioned above to this city. When the De
Soto left Grand Ecore, the troops were marching in preparatory to the
embarkation.”
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REv42i20p4c5 July 15, 1845 California
-The Washington correspondent of the New York Journal of Commerce says
that Governor Shannon, late Minister to Mexico, has made a full
communication to the State Department, on the subject of the results
of his mission, the present condition and policy of Mexico, and the character
of our relation with that Government. The letter adds: Mr. Shannon
fully confirms the truth of what had been strongly surmised before,
that the British Government had got some hold upon the Californias. She
has taken a mortgage upon them to secure the payment to her subjects of
debts to the amount of twenty six millions of dollars. Our Government
has, I learn, official knowledge of this transaction. That Great Britain
will foreclose the mortgage, in due time, I have not the least doubt.
The fine bays and harbors of that region are of immense importance to
her—vastly more so than the Oregon territory. In the even of a
war between the United States and Mexico, the Californias would become
ours unless Great Britain herself mingled in the strife, and, under present
circumstances, she would hardly hazard an unnecessary war. Her policy
is manifestly to make a peacefully acquisition. She may, moreover, secure
a lasting peace with this country y yielding her claim to Oregon,
as she may well afford to do, if she is to have the undisturbed possession
of the Californias.
[MSM2]
REv42i21p2c6 July 18, 1845 Marine Journal
Arrived.
Streamer Curtis Peck, Davis, Norfolk.Sailed.
Schr. Catharine Martha, Dazy, York River, corn, to Jones & Winston.
Schr. Santa Maria, Keane, below, wheat, to Gallego Mills.
Schr. Heroine, Hollingshead, Havre de Grace, coal.
Schr. May, Hubbard, Baltimore, sundries.
Schr. Richard Thompson, Townsend, West Point.Cleared.
Schr. Evelina, Peterson, Sandwich.
Ship Pontiac, William Parker master, for Havre, tobacco, by James Gray.Barksdale. Below—Bound Up,
Ship Louisiana, George Dewherst master, for Brazil, flour, by Warwick &
Ship Marathon, off Newport’s News.New York, July 16.—Sailed, ship, Brooklyn, for Richmond.
Brig J. A, Lancaster off James Town.
Barque Alabama, at Bermuda Hundreds.
REv42i21p3c2 July 18, 1845 Official Navy Department (Orders)
Naval Intelligence.—The United States rig Porpoise, ordered to Washington
with the news of annexation, but anticipated by Commodore Stockton,
was met in the bay, on the 14th inst., by an order from the
Department; and immediately put about for Norfolk, where she will take
in provisions.—[Union] Reports have prevailed for some time, that Mr.
Buchanan would not remain in the Cabinet—but we do not place reliance
upon those rumors. [Alexandria Gazette.] Official. Navy Department—orders.
July 15. Commodore R.F. Stockton, detached from the command of the steam
ship Princeton, and put on special duty. Commander Frederick Engle, to
the command of the steamer Princeton. Commander James M. McIntosh,
ordered as inspector of provisions, & c., at New York. Boatswain
William Black, ordered to the Navy Yard, Boston.
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REv42i21p4c2 July 18, 1845 The Mexican Navy
The Vera Cruz Siglo Diez y Nueve, of the 9th ult., furnishes force composing the Mexican Navy at Vera Cruz. It is as follows:
Steamer Guadalope, 778 tons, two 68 pounders amidships, four 12 pound carronades, and one mortar.
Steamer Montezuma, 1100 tons, one 68 pounder amidships, two 32 pounders for carronades, and one mortar.
Brig Mexicana; one 12 pounder amidships, and fourteen 18 pound carronades.
Brig Vera Cruzano Libre; one 32 pounder amidships, six 18 pounder carronades, and two 12 pound carronades.
Brig Zempoalteca, six 12 pound carronades.
Schr. Aguila; one 32 pounder amidships, and eight carronades.
Schr. Libertad; one 12 pound amidships.
Gaff topsail schr. Morelos; one 12 pounder amidships.
Five gun boats, each carrying a 24 pounder amidships.
After giving the above list, the Siglo Diez y Nueve (this expatiates
on their condition: “The greater part of these vessels, except the two
steamers and the three new gun boats, are in a very bad state, and require
great repairs so as to (unreadable). All of them without one exception
are in want of men, of rigging, and other indispensable necessaries to
fit them out for sea in order to do some service.”
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REv42i21p4c3 July 18, 1845 The Approaching Crises
had hoped that the croaking note of disaffection to the country’s honor and rights, on account of annexation, would have been confined to the New York Tribune, Boston Atlas, and a few of the fanatical crew. We did not think it possible, that in the vast West, full of an active and rapidly improving population—occupying the middle ground between the land established society of the Atlantic States, and an extensive wilderness roamed over by the red men of the forest alone—and, form their very position, calling for a vigorous and united action of the whole country, for the maintenance and strengthening of the national power—we did not think it possible, that there we should hear a voice raised, or a doubt whispered, as to the solemn obligation of every American to meet the crisis, which may yet arrive. But we ‘were deceived.’ The Cincinnati Atlas of the 9thJuly, in its undisguised horror at the addition of the new slave States to the Union by the admission of Texas, is carried away into an assertion of principles, abhorrent to the feeling of a patriot. It contends that, by the action of the Texan Congress, “we are at this moment virtually at war with Mexico.” Alluding to the prospect of England and France aiding and abetting Mexico in her resistance to our “aggressions,” the Atlas draws a picture, not too gloomy, of the horrors of war, and lays down the correct doctrine that, “in a case of self-defence, or where our rights and liberties are wantonly invaded, we hold, that whatever the calamities attendant on war may be, they should be promptly encountered, and with the united energy of a whole and mighty nation, a terrible example should be set to all tyrants and wanton invaders of the rights of others.” Here, however, its patriotism is exhausted and looking with the jealous eye of anti-slavery upon the accomplishment of the “inequity” of Texas annexation; it thus pours forth its revilings upon the acts and motives of the friends of that great measure, so gloriously concluded: “But un an unjust cause, in a war where we are the aggressors—in a war where one part of the Union seeks to obtain an undue and odious advantage over another part—where the black standard of Slavery floats in the breeze and calls upon their country to rally under it—will they obey the call? In such a war would he North—the real bone and sinew of the Nation—freely furnish men and munitions to fight the disgraceful battles of Slavery? Would they forsake their manufactories, their ploughs and fireside, in this Southern crusade for Slavery, and help to rivet upon themselves and their children the ascendancy of the Slave power in the Councils of the Nation, to render the free labor of their own hands, and of their descendants subservient to slave labor, and to the capricious policy of their Masters! In such a war, we should anticipate nothing but dishonor, discomfiture and disgrace. It would naturally fail with most severity upon those who provoked it. It might terminate in the total extinction of Slavery—or in a dissolution of the Union.” If these doctrines be carried out, what an easy prey would this great and beautiful land be to foreign ambition! The people of the free States, actuated by a dislike of slavery, would refuse to assist their Southern neighbors in the defence of their domestic institutions, guaranteed to them by the Constitution, whose broad holds envelope the whole country. By a similar argument, and with similar feeling, the people of the South, indignant at the Government monopoly extended to the free States, at the sacrifice of Southern interests, might withhold their aid to their Northern neighbors, assailed by a foreign foe. In either event, our country would be overrun by foreign armies, and the American Eagle droop his wings forever. Does not the Atlas perceive the absurdity, the wickedness, the treason of its views.] But it has grossly misstated the merits of the question. Should Mexico, even with the aid of European powers, force us into a hostile attitude, our cause would be “unjust,” and we should not be the “aggressors.” Texas was acknowledged to be independent by the greatest nations of the earth.
Her true glory and permanent offer a test to her to seek an alliance with
the American Union. We embrace the offer, because it was all important
that we should interpose and effectual barrier against foreign aggression,
in an otherwise defenceless quarter; and, moreover, the connection
was clearly calculated to benefit all sections of our Union. Experience
had proved, that Mexico was powerless, as far as she aimed to control
the growing energies of Texas. Where, then, was the “aggression” on our
part! The achievement of annexation is stained by no violation of justice
or honor, save in the eyes of the Mexican tyrants, and such narrow spirited
creatures as the Cincinnati Atlas. The question, after having been violently
though vainly opposed by a great political party, principally on
anti-slavery grounds, at length signally triumphed. From Maine to Louisiana
the people enthusiastically sustained it, and it is now a national question,
and will be defended by the masses, upon its national merits. It is
in vain for the Atlas to excite the jealousies of the north by its fanatical
appeals—it is in vain to invite foreign interference and assault by
meanly and treacherously assailing the honor and patriotism of the Northern
masses, and representing the real “bone and sinew of the nation” as
willing play the traitor to their country in the hour of peril. That
journal miscalculates the feelings of the people. North and South, the
masses will rush to the defence of their country’s rights and honor,
and none but a few vile fanatics will be seen to stand back, when the
struggle shall begin. The Atlas may “anticipate,” nay, may desire “dishonor,
discomfiture and disgrace” if such a contest—but there also will it
be disappointed. No rational man can doubt, that such a war, thus forced
upon us, will shade the tyrannical power of the invaders, and add new
strength to our own system and to the influence of liberal institutions.
But far be it from our wishes or expectations, that such an evil should
arise. We have supposed the case, in order to hold up to public indignation
the miserable want of patriotism avowed by the Cincinnati Atlas, and
a few kindred prints. We do not think it likely, that Mexico can
collect the men and means, or eve the courage, to wage so unrighteous
a war upon this nation. Bluster she may for a while, but time and
reflection will bring her to her senses, and she will yield to the desires
of fate, with the best grace possible under the circumstances. Should
war, however, come, we are sure that it would not “fall with severity”
upon men like the Editor of the Cincinnati Atlas—for, with the narrow
spirit he has show, it would “naturally” be expected that he would keep
as far as possible out of harm’s way. The South will bear their share
of the battle, as they have always done—and we shall be grossly deceived,
if the Northern people do not stand up to their high duties.
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REv42i21p4c5 July 18, 1845 Later from Texas
The New Orleans Bulletin of the 8th, received yesterday, announces the arrival on the day before of the steamship McKim, which left Galveston the 3d instant. It contains the correspondence relating to a treaty of Peace between Mexico and Texas, upon the basis of an acknowledgement of the independence of the latter.
This correspondence we gave in full yesterday. After the unanimous rejection by the Senate of the Treaty of Independence between Mexico and Texas, Senator Wright introduce the following resolution, which was adopted by the Senate: Resolved, That the President is respectfully requested to inform the Senate if any other propositions than those confided to this body, have been made by Mexico; and the Senate ask that such propositions, if any, with all correspondence upon the subject, be laid before the Senate; whether any Texian agent, or officer of other description, was employed in negotiating the conditions preliminary to a Treaty with Mexico, now before the Senate; and if so, the person, rank and instructions under which he acted, To which the Secretary of State replied, as follows: Department of State, Washington, June 23, 1845. Sir—In answer to the resolution of the Honorable the Senate, adopted on the 21st inst. And referred to this department, requesting to be informed whether an other propositions than those so confided to the Senate, have been made by Mexico, and asking that such propositions, if any, with all correspondence on the subject, be laid before the Senate; also, requesting information whether any Texian agent or officer of any other description, was employed in negotiating the conditions preliminary to a treaty with Mexico now before the Senate; and if so, the person, rank, and instructions under which he acted; I have the honor to reply, that no propositions other than those now before the Senate, have been made by Mexico to this government, and that with these propositions, all correspondence upon the subject, has already been submitted to the Senate. In relation to the request contained in the latter part of said resolutions, I reply respectfully, but categorically, that no Texan agent or office of any description, was employed by this Government in negotiating with Mexico the conditions of that preliminary treaty. I the honor, etc.,
Eben’r Allen,
Act’g Secretary of State
We find the following additional items of news:
The President vetoed the bill passed by Congress, to reinstate Commodore Moore to his rank in the Navy. The veto had not been published. Congress passed the subjoined resolutions in relation to this subject, after the President’s veto had been communicated:Resolved by the House of Representatives of the Republic of Texas, That it is the opinion of this body, that the trial of Post Captain E.W. Moore, under a joint resolution, approved February 5, 1844, by the Special Court Martial convened under that resolution, and the finding of said Court fully entitles Post Captain E.W. Moore to continue in his position as Commander of the Navy of this Republic.
Resolved, That the thanks of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Texas are justly due to Commodore E. W. Moor and those under his command in the service of the Navy of said Republic.
Resolved by the Senate, That it is the opinion of this body, that the trial of Post Captain E.W. Moore, under a joint resolution of the Congress of this Republic, approved February 5th, 1844, by the Special Court Martial convened under said resolution, was final and conclusive.
On the 21st the Senate adopted a resolution declaring that John Tyler, Ex-President of the United States of the North, the zealous and untiring advocate of annexation, the official mover and supporter of the measure, is entitled to the lasting gratitude of the citizens of the Republic.
Throughout Texas, wherever the death of General Jackson had become known, funeral obsequies were in preparation to commemorate the event. Previous to his decease being known at the seat of Government, the following resolutions were adopted unanimously both House of Congress: Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Republic of Texas, in Congress assembled, That in the name and in behalf of the people of Texas, we hereby tender to General Andrew Jackson, the unfeigned gratitude of the nation. Be it further resolved, That the President of the Republic of Texas is hereby requested to transmit to Gen. Jackson, to this Excellency the President of the United States, and to the Governs of each of the States and Territories of the American Union, a copy of this joint resolution.
The N.O. Jeffersonian gives the following details:
Congress adjourned on the 28th ultimo. The following is a list of the acts and joint resolutions, passed during the session:
Joint resolution giving the consent of the existing government to the annexation of Texas to the United States.
An Act, requiring the Commissioner of the General Land Office to issue patents in certain cases.
Joint Resolution, acknowledging the claim of L.S. Hargone and other.
Joint Resolution, for the relief of T. Jefferson Chambers.
An Act, to establish certain mail routes therein named and for other purposes.
An Act, making appropriations to defray the expenses of the Convention, and granting the members thereof the franking privilege.
Joint Resolution tendering to General Andrew Jackson a nation’s gratitude.
In reference to the Ashbel Smith negotiation with Mexico, the Telegraph of July 2d remarks: “We did not receive a copy of the propositions made by our Secretary of State to the Mexican Government, until Thursday morning last. We bitterly regret to say, that they are more disgraceful and dishonorable to Texas than we had anticipated. Although they are dated at Washington on the Brazos, we still hope, for the credit of our Government, that they were concluded at Galveston, and that the Executive and his Cabinet knew nothing of them until a copy was sent by Dr. Smith to Washington.
Better would it have been if the hand that signed there had been paralyzed,
ere the disgraceful act was consummated.” The Houston Telegraph states,
most positively, that neither President Jones, nor any member of his
cabinet, with the exception of Mr. Ashbel Smith, was aware of the nature
of the negotiations with Mexico, which the latter set on foot, and that
the President stated to the Editor, immediately after these negotiations
became known in him, “that he considered there was but one measure of
policy for the Government to carry out, and that was Annexation.”
[MSM2]
REv42i22p1c6 July 22, 1845 Warlike Enough
What will the New York Tribune, Boston Atlas, and their associate anti-slavery fanatics say, to the following bellicose language of the N.Y. Express? They will surely, reprobate it as the ravings of a madman, or as the savage outpourings of a murderous spirit, in behalf of the vile cause of the “slaveocracy”! The Express seems wrought up to the highest war-note. Not satisfied with defensive measure on the soil of Texas, it is for making a “rapid” and decisive attack on Mexico—for summoning Volunteers from California and Coahuila —and for “crushing Mexico, if we can, at the start.” If war should ensue, which we cannot sufficiently believe in Mexican stupidity or madness to expect, the measure advised by the Express will follow as natural consequences. Mexico will not only lose the pearl of Texas, (for it has just slipped through the fingers of her tyrants,) but the splendid palace of the Montezumas, the rich mines of Mexico, the magnificent province of California, with its spacious harbors and glorious climate, & c., will be in danger of falling into the possession of the adventurous Yankees. To us, we are convinced, it will be a “little” war—but to Mexico it will prove full of disaster and end in annihilation. We cannot think, that England and France, anxious as they may be to swell their possessions and to check the spirit of Republican Government by the absurd “balance of power,” will rashly rush into a struggle which will set the whole world in arms, and cause he heated elements of disaffection at home to ferment with new violence. But let the worst come, we shall have right and justice on our side, and shall achieve another glorious triumph, that will protect us, for many long years, from foreign interference and embarrassment.
But to the Express:“Well then, suppose war comes, what are we to do? Prosecute it with all our might to a rapid end, we say, submitting as we to the Joint Resolutions for annexing Texas, and yielding obedience to the laws of our country, even when we do not approve them, we repeat, let Mr. Polk exert all the constitutional powers he has to make this a rapid war, and to precipitate into an end, and if he is not clothed with power enough, let him summon Congress to an extra session forthwith. Let him concentrate all our disposable naval forces in the Gulf of Mexico, and on the Mexican shores of the Pacific. Let him push forward all of the arm he can spare to the Rio Grande, or land them at Vera Cruz, and threaten Mexico. Let him summon volunteers from California.
Let him concentrate all our disposable naval forces in the Gulf of Mexico, and on the Mexican shores of the Pacific. Let him sound the tocsin by Coahulia. If we are to be cursed with the calamities of a war, let it be a war worthy of our power, and our name, one that will, therefore, end as soon as it is seriously begun. We can, no more than Great Britain, afford to have a little war. Our commerce is too widely scattered, too important, to allow us to have it endangered long. The dangers of collision with foreign harbors through blockading squadrons, and by other means, is too imminent, to allow us to be along time in bringing Mexico to terms. She will court England, court France, court all the world to enlist them against us, and her voice will be heard too with the philanthropists among all mankind. We must therefore crush Mexico, if we can, at the start. Our own safety may depend upon our nipping this war in the bud.” The Express cannot let so good an opportunity escape without pummeling, once more its “loving friends,” the abolitionists. Can language contain a more withering anathema than the following? We rejoice to see the Whigs and Abolitionists thus fighting “like cat and dog.” It augurs well for the good of the country, the safety of the Union.
Last year, the Northern Whigs, from Daniel Webster down to the conductor of the pettiest Whig press, openly courted the “sweet voices” of the abolitionists for Henry Clay—they great opponent of annexation. The fanatics were not, however, conciliated, and most of them voted for their own man. That the “head and front of their offending.” Mr. Polk was elected—annexation triumphed—and the Whigs now consign to the lowest depths of infamy the men, upon whom, before the election, they lavished the sweetest smile. There is, the, double cause for rejoicing in the Democratic ranks—first, that, through the union and zeal of our friends, a great measure was achieved, for the safety of the South and the lasting benefit of the Union; and, secondly because one glorious effect of Annexation has been to set the Northern Whigs and the Abolitionists by the ears, and, thereby, to strip the latter of all power of doing mischief.
From the Democrats they expected nothing but rebuffs. United with the
Northern Whigs, as at one time it seemed fearfully probable, they might
have shaken the Union. Now, they are cast aside by their old friends
“as unclean”—and are thus doomed to the most cruel fare by one of the
leading Whig presses: “While urging even these summary measure, however,
we shall have cause to shower down imprecations upon the heads of the
loathless, and the fanatics of our own country, the real authors of this
war. If Birney and his accursed clans were hung on the topmost crags
of the Codilleras or hurled alive into the burning craters of Potocatepet,
they would but be receiving the fate their foul treason to humanity
deserves.”
[MSM2]
REv42i22p1c5 July 22, 1845 True to Texas
The Charleston Mercury thus introduces a letter from its Washington correspondent: “Our Washington correspondent starts a point that cannot fail to interest the people of Virginia and Mississippi, and we are persuaded that, whatever choice they may make for the Senate, they will take care that there be no doubt that they elect men who will in good faith carry out the annexation of Texas.” This correspondent throws out a doubt lest in Mississippi and Virginia, U.S. Senators may be elected, who may be disposed “to throw obstacles in the way of the completion of annexation”—either by reviving a “proposition for a division of the territory into slave-holding or non-slave holding States”—or by “”mixing it up with some other question” or by “refusing to receive Texas until her boundaries are fixed with Mexico”—or by “insisting upon having Oregon come in with Texas.” The correspondent urges “the importance of men being elected Senators, who are known to be true on this question.” We are satisfied, that the correspondent does injustice, though unintentionally, to the views of a distinguished Virginian who has been named for the high office of Senator.
No man, we are convinced, rejoiced more sincerely over the late glorious
action of the Congress of Texas—and, while we have abstained fro any
expression of opinion as to the claims of an of the candidates, it
will not be traveling beyond our rule to say, that, should he be selected,
we should have no tears for the cause of Texas in his hands. Indeed,
no man, who will not “In good faith carry out the annexation of Texas,”
will stand the smallest chance of promotion before the next Democratic
Virginia Legislature. That is a question, upon which the hopes and anxious
wishes of Virginia have been poised. It has been intimately connected
with the political and personal sentiments of the State, and we sincerely
believe that the whole people of Virginia, with but few exceptions, will
rejoice at its final achievements. The Mercury and its correspondent
may rest at ease upon this point. There is no fear that a Senator will
be elected from Virginia, who will not press eagerly for the admission
of Texas at once, and free from all embarrassing conditions. It would
be a source of mortification, truly that Virginia, who has done
as much as any other State for the origination and advancement of this
vital measure, should see her high hopes cut down, in the moment of triumph,
by one of her own sons. We cannot guess what course will be pursued
by Mr. Archer, but we can boldly say, that next Winter, Virginia will have
one Senator who will go as far as the farthest to sompleting this
national blessing.
[MSM2]
REv42i22p3c6 July 22, 1845 Marine Journal
Arrived.
Steamer Columbus, Parrish, Baltimore, sundries.Sailed,
Steamer Jewess, Sutton, Norfolk.
Schr. Catherine Amanda, Broadsbury, Philadelphia, sundries, to Webb, Bacon & Co., O.A. Strecker, T. Sharp, J.H. Jury, J.H. Eustace & Son. A. Duval & Co., Van Lew, Smith & Co., A.F.D. Giffod, J. Clendening, L. Ginler & Co., Dunlop, Moncure & co., H.W. Tyler.
Schr. Sea, Hart, New York, sundries, to Davenport & Allen, W. Taylor, A.M. Lyon, J. Fisher’s Sons, T.A. Rust, Edmond & Davenport,
Hubbard, Gardener & Co.
Schr. Lucinda, Loyd, Georgetown, D.C., sundries.
Schr. Mary Ann, Jenks, below, wheat, to Haxall’s Mills.
Schr. Constitution, Lively, York River, corn, to Wortham, McGruder & Co.,
Schr. Narraganseti, Baker, Boston sundries.
Schr. T. Grelinghuysen, Bogart, New York, hay.
Schr. F. Buckman, Betsworth, New York, sundries.
Schr. Columbus, Cade, Philadelphia, sundries.
Schr. John Simmons, Small, Boston.Baltimore, July 21—Cleared, brig Erie, Gunby, for Rio de Janeiro, via Richmond.
Schr. George Klatts, Baker, Philadelphia.
REv42i22p3c2 July 22, 1845 France
The general impression continues to be, what I have before described
it, viz. that spite of the threatened war with Mexico—spite of the united
hostility of England France—and spite of the luke -warmness of Texan
authorities, the great majority of the Texan people are in favor of
the annexation, and that therefore it will take place beyond a doubt. With
respect to Oregon, it is said that American citizens are pouring into
the country—that the American President is dallying as much as possible
the negotiations with England; and that these two circumstances will
eventually, render the possession of the whole of Oregon by the United
States a certainty.
[MSM2]
REv42i22p4c4 July 22, 1845 U.S. Troops
Yesterday the steamboats De Soto and Cote Joyeuse arrived with the 3d Regiment
of Infantry, under command of Col. Hitchcoch, en route for Texas. Gen.
Taylor, who is to take command of the army for that destination, is
hourly looked for. The 2d regiment of Dragoons will leave Fort Jesup
for Texas, via the Sabine, on the 15th instant, having been
delayed by the receipt of fresh horses, which required some rest before
starting. The Troops now here are all at the Barracks, below the city,
and it is expected will move as soon as Gen. Taylor arrives. (N.O. Republican,
July 10)
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REv42i22p4c4 July 22, 1845 Arrival from Texas
We understand that the immortal Capt. Elliott, the English charge
d’affaires to Texas, “the man with the white hat,” is at Mansion House
in Brooklyn. (N.Y. Herald)
[MSM2]
REv42i23p1c5 July 25, 1845 Mr. Polk’s Position
The Whig press denounce the President as weak, hypocritical and grasping—severe charges, truly, and which a proper public sentiment will require to be sustained by clear and strong evidence, before they will be entitled to credit. On one point the Whig papers seem to unite in their attacks upon Mr. Polk. They take as their text the language of Major Donelson, in his Correspondence with the Texian Government, on the subject of the cession of the public lands of Texas in trust to the United States, with an obligation to apply the proceeds in the extinguishment of the public debt of Texas.
The language of Maj. D., on which the Whigs lay so much stress, is as follows:
“Such a proposition, the President of the United States has empowered the undersigned to say to this Government, if adopted separate and apart from the question of her admission into the Union, and not as a qualification of her acceptance of the terms captained in the first and second sections of the joint resolution, shall received his cordial support, and shall be earnestly recommended to the favorable consideration of Congress.”
For this position of the President, he is boldly assailed, as transcending his powers, and deceitfully usurping his authority. A calm review of the history of the Texas negotiation will remove all blame from the President—nay, will show, that a different course would have been a palpable violation of his high duties to the country. The people of the Union had spoken in a clear and loud voice for the annexation of Texas;--the Congress of the United States had sanctioned it, and had instructed the President to carry out their wishes in achieving this great measure. As was his duty, the President gave such instructions to our charge as were calculated to ring the negotiation to a successfully result. He was well advised of the artful appeals made by England and evinces to seduce Texas from an alliance with the United States.
To counteract these movements, whose sure effect would be the defeat
of annexation, the favorite object of the American people, the President,
with an energy and propriety which will be sustained by the country,
instructed our Charge to the effect, that he should, under his undoubted
authority, by the Constitution, to “recommend” to the consideration of
Congress “such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient,” bring
before them the Texas land and Indian questions, which from motives of
interest and justice, ought to be brought under the same system with
our own instead of clashing with each other by their separate existence.
This is the head and front of his offending.” It was his duty to
recommend the measure referred to and it was his duty to inform our Charge
of the fact. But, at the same time, he takes care not to pledge our
Congress to and action over which he has no control. Congress may adopt
or refuse his suggestions as they think best. They are not bound to sustain
the views which it is his duty to recommend to fair consideration. For
this discharge of his duty, and for securing the union of the two
countries, which Congress and the people clearly demanded, the President
will be triumphantly sustained. If this be an usurpation of authority,
let the Whigs “make the most of it.”
[MSM2]
REv42i23p1c5 July 25, 1845 Back Again
The Hon. Ashbel Smith, Secretary of State of Texas, and Texian
Charge to Great Britain and France arrived, arrived in New York by the
Great Western. He has made a short stay abroad.
[MSM2]
REv42i23p2c6 July 25, 1845 Marine Journal
Steamer Curtis Peck, Davis, Norfolk.
Schr. Union, Hughes, Philadelphia, sundries.
Schr. Nassau, Mathias, New York, sundries.
Schr. Harriet, Chase, Boston, sundries.
Schr. Lady Clinton, Cramer, N. York, ballast.
Schr. Constitution, Melton, Fall River, ballast.
Schr. Madawaska, Blen, Boston, plaster.
Schr. W.D. Borden, Funnell, N. York, ballast.
Cleared.
Brig Selina, Jackson for Pernambuco and a market, with flour.
Below.
Brig Henrico, off Pagan creek.
Brig Erie, off Point Shoals.
Schr. Elmira, Rogers, off Ferry.
Boston, July 21—Arrived, schr W.W. Wyer, Adams, from Richmond.
New York, July 23—Arrived, schr. R. Thompson, Corson, from Richmond.
Norfolk, July 23.—Arrived, schr. Providence, Kirwan, from Baltimore bound to Richmond.
In Hampton Roads
Ship Richard Anderson, Bennet, from James River for Liverpool.
Brig Erie, Gunby, from Baltimore, went up James River this morning;
Ship Brooklyn, Richardson, from New York on Monday.
Ship Rob Roy, Drummond, from Havre for Virginia, was spoken June 21st, lat. 43, long 38.
REv42i23p3c1 July 25, 1845 By Last Evening’s Mail
War with Mexico.—The New York Sun says that rumors of war with
Mexico have reached that city, and that the Mexican Congress have advertised
hostile measures against the United States.
[MSM2]
REv42i24p2c1 July 29, 1845 The Glorious Consummation
No words of ours are necessary to call attention to the very interesting news from Texas. It will be seen that the assent of the Texas Convention to the terms of the resolution for the Annexation was given on the immoral 4th of July, and that there was not one dissentient voice; for, though Mr. Bache voted against the ordinance, be on the same day signed it, with the other members of the convention. Thus, by the firmness and patriotism of two great Republics, now united into one harmonious whole, have foreign intrigue and ambition been rebuked, and domestic faction and treason prostrated. Full of inspiration as may be theme, it would be a work of supererogation to dilate upon the benefits of this, the greatest even of the age. No arguments are, now, necessary to demonstrate the policy of annexation. The whole country, of all parties, with a few miserable exceptions, have been convinced of the great advantages to flow from it and the question now is, not “who is for Texas,” but “who is against Texas.” Never have we witnessed a more trapid change in public sentiment. Not many months ago, the measure was denounced as “an inequity,” as originating from motives of ambition and avarice, as the creature of “disunionists” and avaricious speculators,: and as certain to be followed by disunion and war. Now, we hear not a single whisper against it, though the “iniquity” has been consummated. Disunion has hung its head in defeat and shame—Abolition cowers beneath popular execration and the increased solidity of Southern institutions. The whole country is convinced of the immense benefits to be derived from the measure, and thousands of determined opponents, who were carried off by Mr. Clay’s equivocal and mysterious letters, have now returned to their first love, and are warm have now returned to their first love, and are warm and ardent advocates of the measure. But war was one of the monsters predicted by the Whigs, as a certain consequence of annexation. We cannot yet believe, that Mexico will be so mad or silly as to risk herself, single-handed, against the American power, strengthened as it is by the stout hearts and strong arms of Texas.
That contingency we look upon as of no consideration. If hostilities be threatened, it will be only a feint, on the part of the Mexican authorities. To ingratiate themselves with the people, and to secure themselves in power, will be their leading motive. That attained, they will be very wiling to slip back into their shells, and submit with the best grace possible, to the destiny which they cannot ward off. There is an important question, affecting our revenue, which is now being agitated.
A letter in the Union, dated Galveston, June 23, says that some of the “Importers in Texas are making terms with French and English houses for extensive importations under the present low tariff of Texas, with a view to reshipment to the United States, free of duty, when that (our) government has excluded her revenue laws over the country.” The letter goes on to advise that the government of the United States, “by timely prohibitions and arrangements with Texas, should prevent the contemplated frauds, which can be of no use to the people of Texas at large, but will accrue to the sole benefit of the foreign houses.” The New Orleans Courier contends, that the only chance of preventing this serious injury to our revenue, is for the Convention of Texas to “insert a clause in their Constitution, to adopt forthwith the present Tariff law of the United States, to be binding on the custom-houses of Texas.” We hope that the Convention have been induced, by their duty to themselves and the United States, to adopt such a policy. It would solve the whole difficulty. The Union, examining the question, informs us, that this delicate point has engaged the vigilant attention of our government, and that every legal step will be taken to prevent the glaring mischief threatened. We quote its language: “We deem it our duty to advise capitalists both foreign and domestic, to look well to the consequences before they embark in these perilous speculations or they may find, when it is too late, that they have lost something more than their anticipated profits. The attempt is to evade our revenue laws, by bringing goods into Texas not for the legitimate purpose of consumption there, but for transshipment free of duty, after annexation, into the United States. We can only say, that, for months past the Secretary of the Treasury has had his attention directed to this most important subject, and that the whole power devolved upon him by the constitution and the law will be exerted to defeat these speculations, and protect the revenue, and, as the goods cannot be imported here from Texas free of duties, until after the formal admission of Texas as a State, by the next Congress, that body, will no doubt feel called upon, by special legislation, to guard, to the full extent of its great powers over this subject, against these contemplated evasions of our revenue laws. We say, the, to these speculators,--Beware, the revenue laws cannot be evaded in this manner with impunity.” Without pretending to speak positively on the subject, we are inclined to think that since the completion of the contract of annexation, which cannot be recalled without the consent of both the parties contracting. Texas now stands towards us in the light of a territory, applying for admission into our Union, with her Republican Constitution in her hand, to be criticized and canvassed by the U.S. Congress. All admit that we have a right to take possession of the country and defend it with an armed force. Consequently, our troops are now on the soil, prepared to resist invasion from any quarter. Now that Texas is already annexed, by virtue of the acceptance of our joint resolution, have we not a right to establish a system of police as to the revenue, upon the same principle that we take military possession of the country.—And, if so, has not the President the power to send officers to see to the execution of our revenue laws? We throw out these hasty suggestions, though we are not satisfied of their correctness. But of one thing, we feel certain and that is, that our Congress will have the power to enact laws, looking back to the present period of virtual annexation, and providing against any violation of our revenue law, through importations into Texas, while the latter was virtually a portion our confederacy. We presume that it is to this point that the Secretary of the Treasury is looking, as intimated by the Union.
It is much to be desired, however, that the Texas Convention has already
done what was right in throwing our revenue laws around Texas.
That would remove all difficulty, and save an immerse deal of future
annoyance and controversy.
[MSM2]
REv42i24p1c2 July 29, 1845 The Mystery Solved
It turns out that the British steamer “Unicorn,” which arrived at
New York from Halifax, was not employed for any deep affairs of States,
and had no connection with the critical condition of things between Mexico
and Texas. The quidnunes are taken a-back. The Unicorn was brought
to New York on a voyage of speculation. The Tribune says, that she has
been sold for fifty thousand dollars to a company of Spaniards and Americans,
whose intention it is to place her on the line between Havana and New
York. She will also touch at Vera Cruz and Carthagena —supplying the
heretofore deficient link in this great chain of steamship inter-communication
between England and the Western world.
[MSM2]
REv42i24p1c3 July 29, 1845 Latest from Texas
Annexation Ratified—Death of Vice President K. Anderson—Incursions and Depredations of the Indians—General News.
By the arrival of the brig Hope Howes, Capt. B.G. Shaw, from Galveston, yesterday, we are apprised of the glorious and gratifying fact, that the question of Annexation has been finally consummated. Thus, by the honest and unwavering conduct of a free people, have the machinations of traitors at home, and enemies abroad, been foiled and frustrated. Honor to the Republicans of Texas for the part they have taken in the achievement of the purpose.’ We give our worthy correspondent’s letter, which embrace a clear and succinct narration of the proceeding of the Convention, up to the latest period at which it were possible to receive Austin news:
Austin, July 7, 1845.
The Convention assembled on the morning of the 4th, and unanimously elected General Rusk to preside over its deliberations. On taking the Chair he made a short address, which was well delivered, and suitable to the occasion. A committee of fifteen was soon after appointed, who reported by their Chairman, Judge Lipscomb, an ordinance assenting, on behalf of the people of Texas, to the terms of Annexation proposed by the United States Government. It was adopted with one dissenting voice—but five member absent. It was engrossed, and signed by all the member present.
It is not a little singular, that the only dissenting voice was Richard
Bache, the father-in-law of your Secretary of the Treasury, and
brother-in-law of the Vice President. After the necessary resolutions were
passed for the transmission of the ordinance to the United States,
a resolution was offered by Col. Love, and unanimously adopted:
“That the wear crape on their left arm for one month,
as a testimony of regret for the decease of General Jackson.”
Whatever differences of opinion may exist, as regards his political acts, elsewhere, Texas owes him a debt of gratitude. To him we are indebted for the privilege of becoming a member of the great American Union—a measure so important to us, and I hope to you. The Convention then adjourned. It was a novel celebration of the Liberty Day—to surrender the Independence of our nation, and by the act of the whole people, assent to its incorporation with another, whose influence the measure was consummated. On the 5th we appointed committees on the plan adopted by the Virginia Convention, to report on the various subjects submitted. It called forth some discussion, which was creditable to the speakers—it was the skirmish that precedes more heavy firing.
The delegate to the Convention, for intelligence, integrity and worth, would rank high in any country. There is not perhaps, much of brilliancy, but a great deal of matter of fact sense and sound knowledge, and I predict that we shall form and send you a sound and sensible Constitution, free from the worst features of ultraism . The terms of Annexation are not, perhaps, such as we had a right to ask, but so anxious are we to free the subject from further agitation in the United States, that no conditions whatever will be annexed to the Constitution differing from the resolutions passed by the United States Congress.
A dispatch was received from the United States in the morning, and Major Donelson arrived on the evening of the 5th, having been detained at Washington by serious indisposition. These dispatches relate to the occupation of our frontier by your troops. The are now on their march—the foot by water to Corpus Christi, on the West bank of the Nueces; the dragoons by land to San Antonio.
The step is taken that will decided Mexico in her policy. Foreign troops will soon be upon the soil she claims. Her choice must be a declaration of war, or, if she is wise, negotiation. She may acquire money by the latter—defeat and disgrace only by the former. Today a resolution was passed, requesting the President of the United States, in behalf of the people of Texas, to send troops forthwith to our frontier. This resolution is a sanction, on the part of the people of Texas, of the movement noted above. The intrigue of those in power here, which in its commencement was advised by the ex-President, has been dissipated by the power of the people. The Executive occupies no envied position. I am inclined to think the has been victimized by this friend and patron; as well as her Majesty’s Minister. True to his faith, however, he issued his Proclamation, admitting a state of war and a disputed territory, which, if not intended as treason to the country, or proceeding from disappointed hopes, was excessively foolish.
Lord Aberdeen has avowed to Dr. Ashbel Smith, that her Majesty’s Government will not interfere in the question, so he writes home. This removes one of the prospects of war; so if you get to loggerheads with John Bull, it must be about Oregon. Jonathan will fight for whales and lumber, but seems to have but little fancy for it if sugar, cotton or negroes have anything to do with the matter. This once flourishing village is in a state of entire dilapidation and ruin—the effects of an arbitrary exercise of power, without cause and without precedent; and, although the author of all this ruin is elected a delegate, he will not take his seat; he cannot—he dare not look upon hundreds which he has in his wantonness ruined!
Gen. Tarrant, a delegate from Fannin, was on a visit to San Antonio. He with Mr. Howard, delegate from that place, have for some days been expected. Painful apprehensions have arisen for their safety, as many Indians are on the frontier, who have committed several murders lately. We are entirely exposed to the attacks of Indians and Mexicans—not a soldier on guard, and but few fire-arms. So callous have the people of Texas become to danger, that they scarcely ever prepare to repel attack. On my way here I met a young man, with two young girls, in a buggy, with no protection whatever from attack, almost at the very spot where young Hornsby had been killed two weeks previously by the Indians. They were in the high glee laughing and talking merrily. I could but think that an hour might consign them to death or worse fate!
The Hope Howes reports only 40 hours from Galveston to the Balize. The latest Galveston paper we have is of the 29th inst. We are indebted to Capt. Shaw and Mr. Nick Bolivin for papers & c. The British brig Persan arrived at Galveston a few day ago from Vera Cruz. She brought despeacthes for the Government, and was to return as soon as she heard from Washington. It was rumored in Galveston, that she was there for the purpose of learning the fate of the Mexican propositions to President Jones, and, if they were rejected, that the fleet of Mexico would be down on Galveston without delay. We hope the Galvestonians will not evacuate their city on the strength of this fearful rumor.
The Hon. K.L. Anderson, Vice President of Texas, died on the 10th inst., at Fanthrop’s, Montgomery country, of fever. The papers are in mourning for the sad event. Mr. Edward Bourn; a native of Coventry, England, left his residence on Clear Creek Lake in a boat, on the 3d inst., and is supposed to have been drowned on the 4th. Ashbel Smith has been recalled from England. Speaking of this, the Galveston News of the 12th says--“We should like to know what he went for, what he has done, how much money he has pocketed, when he is going again, or what plan will next be fallen upon to disburse our public funds.”
The following appointments have been made by the President: Hon. Ebenezer Allen, Secretary of State. Hon W.B. Ochiltree, Attorney General. Hon. J.A. Greer, Secretary of the Treasury.
The reports of the crops throughout the country are highly favorable; Galveston and the other cities and towns continue healthy; emigrants are fast pressing into the country, from the adjoining States of the Union; and the prospects of Texas, view them through what phase we will, are prosperous and encouraging.
(From the N.O. Commercial Bulletin) President Jones’s veto of the joint resolution passed by Congress to restore Com. Moore to his command in the Navy, and to allow him pro rata pay since he has been removed from his command is published in the Galveston News of the 12th. The reason assigned for the veto are, first, relative the removal of Com. M, that the verdict of the court by which he was tried and fully sustained by the testimony adduced, and that dismissal from the service was the slightest punishment the law permitted for the offence of which he was found guilty. That the Executive is the only department, and therefore that Congress has unconstitutionally assumed a function not belonging to the legislative department. “The sympathies of Congress and the Executive might indeed be invoked in his individual behalf.” Says President Jones, “but it might well be refused, unless Antonio Lannois, James, Hodgins, Isaac Allen and Wm. Simpson who were executed at the yard arm of the Ship Austin, by hanging for one hour, and until dead, for a similar offence, by order of Capt. Moore, while under arrest himself, could be restored to life and partake of its efficacy. Could the deep give up its dead, and the sympathy claimed be made general in its operation, the Executive would listen to its dictates. But he can never sanction a rule which hangs the poor sailor, and rewards his officer for offences of congenial character.” To the allowance of pro rata pay it is objected that Com M. Stand indebted the Treasury of the Republic to the amount of $50,875.30, which he has drawn since June, 1842, and has not accounted for, besides an amount standing to his debit in the Auditor’s books at Austin, and claims $20,00 for debts contracted by him, making an aggregate for which he is held accountable, of between seventy and one hundred thousand dollars; and that, should the joint resolutions become law, he would be virtually release from all responsibility to refund or account for this amount, and besides that the allowance of pay which was proposed, “could only be viewed as a reward for disobedience and insubordination to the laws and authorities of the country.”
Col. W, G. Cooke, Secretary of War, left Washington on the 29th
ult., with the intention of proceeding to Bexar for the purpose of effecting
a treaty with the portion of the tribe of Comanche Indians known as Santa
Anna’s party. The National Register states that the place of
meeting is on the Pierdanales, in Bexar county. This Santa Anna is
a noted marauder, at the head of a party of about fifty Indians detached
from the main tribe. The scene of his depredations has chiefly been our
Rio Grande frontier. We learn that a general council of the Comanche
tribe will be held in the month of September, on Tahuacana creed, about
Torrey’s trading house, for the purpose of celebrating a general treaty
of peace.
[MSM2]
REv42i24p2c5 July 29, 1845 Marine Journal
Arrived.
Steamer Jewess, Sutton, Norfolk.Sailed.
Brig Henrico, Paine, Boston, sundries.
Schr. Fountain, Wellsby, Norfolk, light.
Schr. Cecil, Travers, Baltimore, tobacco, to S. Winfree.
Schr. Pastory, Creighton, Baltimore, tobacco, to S. Winfree.
Schr. H. Ingram, Phillips, below, wheat, to Gallego Mills.
Schr. Santa Marie, Keane, below, wheat, to Gallego Mills.
Schr. J.R. Dunbar, Powers, below, wheat, to Gallego Mills.
Sloop Mary Miller, York river, corna and wheat to Wortham, McGruder & Co.
Schr. Providence, Kerwan, Baltimore, sundries.
Schr. Vermadela, Welsh, Baltimore, sundries.
Schr. Navigator, Pointer, N. York, sundries.
Schr. Augusta, Godfrey, Boston, plaster.
Schr. J.B. Urquhart, Burrows, York river, corn, to Royall & Morgan.
Schr. J.W. Smith, Parker, New York.Baltimore, July 28th
Brig Josephine, Robinson, Boston.
Schr. W. Mowry, Albertson, Greenwich.
Schr. J. Roslefs, Lewis, Sandwich.
Schr. Aid, Vinal, Boston.
barque Active, Foxwell, for James river;
schr. Telemachus, Kirwan, Norfolk, Petersburg and Richmond;
schr. Catharine Martha, Travers, Petersburg;
schr. Eliza Ann, Tyler, Norfolk;
schr. Wm. Applegard, Canon, Petersburg and Richmond.
New York, July 26 - Barque Phoenix, Bush, of Richmond, for St. Thomas
in 3 days.
[MSM2]
REv42i24p4c4 July 29, 1845 Look on this picture, and then on that
Our readers will recall to mind the charge of disunion made against the Republican party, during the excited canvass of last year. Texas annexation was charged to be an iniquitous scheme, for the promotion of private avarice and ambition, and disunion was, in Whig logic, the dearest object of the friends of that great measure. They will further remember how the Republican party warded off the unjust assault, and charged upon the lading Whigs of the North a direct avowal of a determination to dissolve the Union, if Texas should be admitted. The famous letter of John Q. Adams and eleven other members of Congress was cited, in which these distinguished Whigs declared that annexation would not only have the effect of dissolving the Union, but would “justify” the dissolution. It now turns out, that there were braggart words, intended to frighten the South from her propriety, and to manufacture capital for the Whig cause, by raising up chimaeras dire, as the certain effect of annexation. With some few disgraceful exceptions, the Northern Whigs seems disposed to make the best of the bargain, and to soothe their indignant feelings by the pleasing prospect of realizing immense commercial benefits from the opening of a rich a market for their industry. Finding all opposition to the wishes of the nation to be ineffectual, they have wisely and properly concluded, that annexation, after all, is not such a monstrous violation of right and justice—especially as it affords to private enterprise a new and bountiful field of action. Their interest and their patriotism are made to harmonize in beautiful proportions. Above all, Abolitionism finds itself force to cower beneath the increased strength and consequence of the Southern States. But has this same John Quincy Adams always expressed a holy horror for the extensions of our boundaries? Has he always professed to believe that the addition of a rich territory would produce, and should justify, disunion? Far from it, Mr. A. once acted with the Democratic Party, and wore its honors. When Minister at St. Petersburg, in 1811, he wrote to Elbridge Gerry, then Governor of Massachusetts, a letter which did honor to his patriotic, and broad and liberal views. In this letter he attacks the Federalists for their “readiness for a dissolution of the Union,” the very offence for which he was himself so glaringly responsible, not a year ago. He charges them directly with this grave offence, for he says, “I have known, now more than seven years, the project of the Boston faction against the Union,” and winds up with the following emphatic languages: “If that party, (the Federalists) are not ultimately put down in Massachusetts, as completely as they already are in New York, and Pennsylvania, and all the Southern and Western states, the Union is gone.
Instead of a nation of coextensive with the North American continent, destined by God and Nature to be the most populous and powerful people, ever combined under one social compact, we shall have an endless multitude of little insignificant clans and tribe at eternal war with one another for a rock or a fish pond, the sport and fable of European masters and oppressors.” How well he here draws his own picture! What a thorough change has come over him since he deserted the Republican Party, and united his fortunes with “the Boston faction”—nay, became their leader! He no more thinks of, or advocates his country, “as co-extensive with the North American Continent,” but, upon the miserable grounds of fanaticism, resists the admission of a beautiful region, which was once ours, and which is so necessary to the safety of the Union and to the permanent prosperity of the Nation. He is now completely identified with the “Federalists,” whom he once denounced, in their anti-American, unpatriotic opposition to the acquisition of Texas.
It is this same spirit which opposed the last war, and which sympathized
with Tories of the Revolution. But we rejoice to know, that “the project
of the Boston faction against the Union” has been gloriously
“put down” by a free and generous people, and that liberal institutions
will rapidly spread over one of the finest portions of the globe. This
onward march of civilization and moral improvement will be realized,
in peace and safety, without, for one moment, disturbing the harmony
of the Union—and John Q. Adams, “the Federalist,” will have the pleasure
or the pain, of seeing the glowing visions of John Q. Adams, the Republican,
fully and brilliantly verified.
[MSM2]
Friday, August 1, 1845, RE45v42i25p1c2 Words 665
An ordinance
Whereas, the Congress of the United States of America has passed resolutions providing for the annexation of Texas to that Union, which resolutions were approved by the President of the United States on the first day of March, one thousand eight hundred and forty-five: and whereas, the President of the United States has submitted to Texas the first and second sections of the said resolution, as the basis upon which Texas may be admitted as one of the States of the said Union : and whereas, the existing government of the Republic of Texas has assented to the proposals thus made, the terms and conditions of which are as follows :
“Joint Resolution for annexing Texas to the United States.
“Resolved by the Senate and the House of the Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Congress doth consent that the territory properly included within, and rightly belonging to, the Republic of Texas, may be erected into a new State, to be called the State of Texas, with a republican form of government to be adopted by the people of said Republic, by deputies in Convention assembled, with the consent of the existing government, in order that the same may be admitted as one of the States of this Union.
“2d. And be it further Resolved, That the foregoing consent of Congress is given upon the following conditions, and with the following guarantees, to wit:
“First, Said State to be formed, subject to the adjustment by this Government of all questions of boundary that may arise with other Governments; and the Constitution thereof, with the proper evidence of its adoption by the people of said Republic of Texas, shall be transmitted to the President of the United States, to be laid before Congress, for its final action, on or before the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
“Second, Said State, when admitted into the Union, after ceding to the United States all public edifices, fortifications, barracks, pots, and harbors, navy and navy-yards, docks, magazines, arms, and armaments, and all other property and means pertaining to the public defence belonging to the said Republic of Texas, shall retain all the public funds, debts, taxes, and dues of every kind, which may belong to, or be due and owing to the said Republic; and shall also retain all vacant and unappropriated lands lying within its limits, to be applied to the payment of the debts and liabilities of said Republic of Texas; and the residue of said lands, after discharging said debts and liabilities, to be disposed of as said State may direct; but in no event are said debts and liabilities to become a charge upon the Government of the United States.
“Third. New States of convenient size, not exceeding four in number, in addition to said State of Texas, and having sufficient population, may, hereafter, by the consent of said State, be formed out of the territory thereof, which shall be entitled to admission under the provisions of the Federal Constitution. And such States as may be formed out of that portion of said territory lying South of 36 deg. 30 min. North latitude, commonly known as the Missouri Compromise line, shall be admitted into the Union, with or without slavery, as the people of each State asking admission may desire. And in such State or States as shall be formed out of said territory, North of said Missouri Compromise line, slavery or involuntary servitude (excepts for crime) shall be prohibited.”
Now, in order to manifest the assent of the people of this Republic, as required in the above-recited portions of the said resolutions:
We, the deputies of the people of Texas in Convention assembled, in their name and by their authority, do ordain and declare, that we assent to and accept the proposals, conditions and guarantees contained in the first and second sections of the resolution of the Congress of the United States aforesaid.[JM]
Friday, August 1, 1845, RE45v42i25p2c2 Words 507 Mexico
The Mexican brig Delfine, 14 days from Vera Cruz, brings advices to the 3d inst., from that place, and to the 28th ult., from the Capital.
The Mexican papers are unusually silent on the subject of Texas and the position she holds at present towards the United States, although the intention of the U.S. Government to send troops to the frontier of Texas was known in the Capital on the 10th ult. The Mexican Government had made a new division of the Republic into ten military departments – the fifth comprises Nueva Leon, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and Texas- there-by intimating that she still intends to provide for the Texians as citizens of the Mexican Republic.
The Diario del Gobierno announces the entire peace establishment of the Mexican army, to consist of about 30,000 men, viz:- 19,000 foot, 8,500 cavalry, 2,200 artillery, and 1,300 sappers and miners, etc., some portion of which are at present engaged on the frontier against the Indians.
The candidates for the presidency are engaging the attention of the public journals, and judging from their tone, Gen. Herrera seems to be the favorite- though, had Gen. Bustamente arrived earlier in the country, his friends might have made some demonstrations in his favor. Of the latter, the Vera Cruzana says, “We know that he has offered his sword to the nation in defence of her rights over the territory of Texas, and we believe the Supreme Government will accept this noble offer.” The support of so great a military character as the vuanquished of Puebla by the renowned prisoner of San Jacinto, can hardly give courage to the Mexican forces destined to be employed on the occasion.
The President has convoked the Congress for the consideration of various internal improvements, affecting the Tariff, etc., and also to place, before them the proceedings taken by the Government on the Resolutions concerning Texas, passed the last session. These resolutions empowered the President to make terms with Texas on any conditions, save her annexation to the United States. We shall now see what effect the consummation of this act will have on the Chambers.
A new military movement has taken place in the organization of the militia, under the title of “Defenders of the Laws.”
Gen. Rancel, the leader of the last attempt at a Revolution, has been sentenced to ten years’ imprisonment, loss of rank and pay, and General Basadre, the associate of Canalizo, has been removed to the Castle of San Juan de Ulloa.
The Hesperia says, it has been understood, that Santa Anna has received the Grand Cross of Charles III of Spain, and calls on the Government of information on this particular; as in such case he has forfeited his right and title to the pension allowed him by Mexico, as well as that of a Mexican citizen.
Vessels
are permitted to enter Tobasco in ballast when they freight with dye-woods.
The Tobasquenos have petitioned for the free entry of flour. The
two war steamers are still lying at Vera Cruz in an unfit state for sea.
[JM]
Friday, August 1, 1845, RE45v42i25p2c2 Words 732 Persecution of American Citizens Already Commenced in Mexico.
On the 18th inst., considerable excitement was caused in this place, occasioned by a body of artillery marching through the principal streets towards the custom house. On their arrival at that place, the officer in command received orders from the Collector of the Aduana Terrestre, to accompany one of the clerks of the said office with Sestigos, and lay a forced embargo at the point of the bayonet on the property of the only two American houses in the place, Parrott & Co. and Mott, Talbott & Co., to satisfy a demand for duties caused by a law of the State of Sinoloa, 1834, which law was annulled in 1837 by the Tariff of that year, and from that date up to a few days previous to the date of this, the custom-house had never demanded from any house such duties.
The house of Parrott & Co. of course was embargoed, on property to the amount of $45,000, to satisfy the claim, only amounting to about $4,000; after which the troops were marched to the house of Messrs. Mott, Talbott & Co., with the object of laying an embargo on their property, but Capt. Hope, of H. B. M. frigate Thalin, interfered and prevented the embargoes being laid, one of the partners of the said firm being a British subject.
Mr. Parrot, who, for many years, has been our Consul at Mazatlan, suffered with much patience the indignity to his person, and as the diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico are suspended, he has no resource in seeking redress from the Mexican Government, and very properly called in the French Consul to witness the proceedings, which are illegal and unjust from the commencement, as no judge or competent authority in the place had passed sentence or judgment, in any shape or form, on the proceedings. Mr. Parrott has gone before the French Consul and made out his protest, and will submit it to his Government, to be settled with the other difficulties now pending with Mexico. There are at Mazatlan nearly a dozen importing houses, and not withstanding not a single demand has been made by the Collector against them for duties, having, as it appears, determined to take his revenge out to the Americans.
Many respectable citizens seeing these scandalous proceedings, have used their influence to conciliate matters. It is proper to remark, that, in the year 1834, this State passed a law imposing a duty on foreign goods imported, of one-eight part of the import duties, to defray the expenses of the State. This duty was paid up to 1837, when the tariff of that year took effect, and the Central System of Government was established, the State Governments were abolished: the General Government abolished all the rights of the States to make and enforce laws. It appears that all the duties have long since been paid, agreeable to the tariff of 1837, which was a general disposition of the Supreme Government.
APRIL 24th.- The Prefecto of the Port has addressed a letter to the Governor of the State, complaining in strong terms against the violent and unjust proceedings against the Americans, and very properly pointed out that they were caprices of the Collector, and from the concourse of people who were present; it was sufficient to disturb the peace of the port, and bring on the country a war.
APRIL 25th- The embargo on the property of the American Consul has not been raised, not-withstanding a meeting has taken place to that effect. The consul is determined to resist the payment and suffer his property to be sold. A military force was again demanded for laying the embargo on Mott, Talbott & Co.’s property, but it was wisely refused. Overtures have been made to the consul, that if he would address a letter to the Gefe Superior de Bacienda, his property would be released, but he has refused and is determined to let the matter take its course.
Other outrages will follow. Yours in haste,
X., Y. Z
Two-thirds
of all the claims of American citizens were laid before the Board of Commissioners,
were caused by the arbitrary laws of the States of Mexico, and this
was one of the motives why the central system of government was established-
as the States had always the General Government in difficulties.
[JM]
Friday, August 1, 1845, RE45v42i25pc2 Words 312 Legation of the United States
Sir: The undersigned, charge d’affaires of the United States, has the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 5th inst., transmitting a certified copy of the ordinance adopted by the Convention of Texas, accepting the proposals, conditions and guarantees contained in the first and second sections of the joint resolution of the Congress of the Untied States for the admission of Texas as a State of the Union.
This ordinance shall be immediately forwarded by a special message to the President of the United States, who will receive it with the gratification its dignity and importance are so well calculated to produce in every patriotic heart. – Texas has thus manifested to the world, with a unanimity unparalleled in the disposition of a debated political question, her preference of an association with the Republican States composing the Federal Union, over all the advantages, real or imaginary, that were held out to her as a separate nation. With a discrimination quickened by her contact with foreign influences, she has learned in the battle fields, and In her civil experience, the necessity of union among the votaries of freedom; and, in voluntarily agreeing to take her place hereafter as a sovereign member of the American Confederacy, she has paid a tribute to the cause of popular government, which will command the admiration of the world.
From the date of this ordinance, Texas will have acquired a right to the protection of the U. States; and the undersigned is happy to inform you, that the President of the U. States has taken steps to afford this protection in the most effective manner, against future Mexican and Indian invasion.
That
the deliberations of the convention, thus far distinguished by calmness and
prudence, may produce a constitution for Texas, as perfect as her trials
in the achievement of her independence.
[JM]
Wednesday, August 6, 1845, RE45v42i26pc1 Words 383 Fruits of Annexation
Our readers will sustain us in the position that the Enquirer has advocated the Annexation of Texas upon national grounds. We watched the movements of the Northern fanatics on this question. We heard it clearly announced on the floor of Congress, that all opposition to it progress was based on anti-slavery grounds; no one, therefore, could doubt, that if the measure of annexation failed in Congress, it would be virtually a triumph of abolition over the domestic institutions of the South, a signal that all Southern interests must bow to the dark spirit of Northern fanaticism. Great cause was there, then, for joy, when the joint resolutions were carried through. They came, with healing on their wings, to announce to the South, that her rights were yet safe in the hands of the confederacy- that the people’s representatives were yet willing to respect the guarantees of the Constitution, and that the links of our blessed Union were strengthened and brightened. As a safe-guard for the South against domestic foes, and as a barrier against the intrigues and Pharisajcal philanthropy (1) of foreign nations, we hailed the admission of Texas among the States of the Union. The first duty of the South was to …
The
South ought to feel grateful for the kind sympathy of the U.S. Gazette in
her assumed losses by annexation. She has advocated the measure,
not only for the safety of her domestic institutions, but, also, to protect
herself from the oppressive effects of having a rich neighbor, who would
supply foreign markets with cotton free from duty, and thereby prove a
most injurious competitor. But it is not necessary to dwell on this
point. The South is perfectly content with the admission of Texas,
and is willing to abide the consequences. We have shown from Whig
evidence that New England will promptly seize the benefits to be derived
from the measure- and we may safely assert, that the whole Union is pleased
with the great event. There is no danger of disunion, because all the
great interests of the nation will be benefited- and, before many years
have rolled round, the whole country will applaud the noble Democracy for
having defeated Mr. Clay, and thereby secured the greatest national blessing,
since the acquisition of Louisiana.
[JM]
Wednesday, August 6, 1845, RE45v42i26pc Words 1,061
To Collectors and Officers of the Customs.
The President of the United States has received official intelligence that the convention… last, for the admission of Texas as a State of the union.
By the 24th section of the act of the Congress of the United States of the 30th of August, 1842, it is provided: “That it shall be the duty of all collectors and other officers of the customs to execute and carry into effect all instructions of the Secretary of the Treasury relative to the execution of the revenue laws; and in case any difficulty shall arise as to the true construction or meaning of any part of such revenue laws, the decision of the Secretary of the Treasury shall be conclusive and binding upon all such collectors and other officers of the customs.” In conformity with this provision of the law, it becomes my duty to communicate the vies and instructions of this department upon various important questions arising out of the new relations between Texas and the United States.
A similar question arose in relation to exports from Florida into New Orleans in 1819, when it was decided by the Treasury Department, “ that all goods which have been or may be imported from Pensacola before an act of Congress shall be passed erecting it into a collection district, and authorizing the appointment of an officer to reside thereat, for the purpose of superintending the collection of duties, will be liable to duty.”
If, then, as is apprehended, imports should now be made from foreign ports into Texas, with a view to introduction here free of duty from Texas, upon her formal admission by Congress as a State of the Union, such exemption from duty, in conformity with the decision before quoted in relation to Florida, could not be permitted “before an act of Congress shall be passed erecting it (Texas) into a collection district.” When Congress shall pass such an act, ample provision can be made therein, to prevent the sacrifice of our revenue by the evasion of our laws, as is now believed to be contemplated.
2d. In all cases where application is made to enter goods with the privilege of draw-back of duties on exportations into Texas, before granting the debenture certificate, you will diligently inquire into the circumstances of the case, with a view to ascertain whether this exportation is … where the goods are really designed for consumption within our limits, is a manifest fraud on our revenue laws, which will be prevented by all the lawful means within the power of this Department.
After the acquisition and occupation of Louisiana, by an order of the Treasury Department, the collector at new Orleans was directed to “ consider Baton Rouge, and other settlements now in possession of Spain, whether on the Mississippi, Iberville, the lakes, or the seacoast, as foreign ports.” In the same order it was declared, “in no instance are you to allow draw-backs for goods which have been landed, and may afterwards be exported to such places.” This order was issued by one of my predecessors, (Albert Gallatin,) and was sanctioned by Mr. Jefferson, then President of the U. States.
By the 80th section of the act of Congress of the 2d of March 1799, it is provided, “That the Collector a foresaid may refuse to grant such debenture or debentures, in case it shall appear to him that nay error has arisen, or any fraud has been committed; and, in case of such refusal, if the debenture or debentures claimed shall exceed one hundred dollars, it shall be the duty of the said Collector to represent the case to the Comptroller of the Treasury, who shall determine whether such debenture or debentures shall be granted or not.” An entry for drawback, with a view to re-importation, free of all duty, into the United States, is a fraud within the meaning of this act; and in all such cases it is the duty of the collector to refuse the debenture certificate. In all cases where the debenture shall not exceed one hundred dollars, the Collector will judge for himself whether such fraud as is before designated is contemplated; and, in the language of the law, “if the debenture or debenture claimed shall exceed one hundred dollars, it shall be the duty of the said Collector to represent the case to the Comptroller of the Treasury, who shall determine whether such debenture or debentures shall be granted or not.”
By the 76th section of the act of 2d March, 1799, it is provided as follows: “And the said exporter or exporters shall likewise make oath that the said goods so noticed for exportation, and laden on board such ship or vessel previous to the clearance there of, or within ten days after such clearance, are truly intended to be exported to that place whereof notice shall have been give, and are not intended to be relanded within the United States; otherwise, the said goods, wares, and merchandise shall not be entitled to the benefit of drawback.”
If, then, in point of fact, the goods thus exported to Texas are intended “to be relanded within the United States,” they are not entitled to draw-back; an, if relanded, are subject to seizure and forfeiture; as well as the vessel in which they are thus introduced.
Great vigilance will be required in obtaining ample security upon all export bonds, as those bonds may not be cancelled in any case of exportation of goods to Texas with the privilege of drawback, until the numerous and important questions arising under such bonds shall have been finally adjudicated.
You will in no case omit to publish in the newspapers, as now required by law, the names of all persons who shall be found guilty of the violations of the revenue laws therein prescribed, as well as to seize for forfeiture the goods, vessel, tackle, apparel, and furniture, in all such cases.
As the speculations referred to would diminish the revenue, and affect injuriously the interest of the people of the United States, and of Texas, as a part of the Union, the utmost vigilance and the most cordial co-operation are expected from all officer s of the customs, in carrying these instructions most fully into immediate effect.
Very respectfully, R. J. Walker
Secretary of the Treasury
[JM]
Friday, August 8, 1845, RE45v42i27p1c Words 1015 Moral Treason
On the 1st August the Abolitionists at the North celebrated the Anniversary of Emancipation in the British West Indies. The Tribune gives a minute description of the proceedings at Boston. On that occasion, the notorious William II. Channing, the right-hand-man of the Tribune, indulged anew in his slanders upon the South and his treasonable assaults against the Constitution. To show how strongly his sympathies lean towards British intrigue and ambition, to the sacrifice of all the holy ties of love for his native country, we extract a few sentences:
“Well may Great Britain rejoice this day at the noble work she has accomplished. But while she rejoices we should hang our heads in shame, unaffected shame, at our own inaction.After this shameless impeachment of the honor of his own country, and servile flattery of Great Britain, this fanatic proceeds to point out the course that Massachusetts should pursue, and here it is!
“one avowed-object of the annexations of Texas I aid to slavery; and the counteraction of Great Britain’s efforts against slavery.
“This nation has announced to the other nations of earth the annexation of Texas to this Republic! A base and fraudulent act for an impious purpose! What can we do, as true men and children of God, to avert the consequences of this act?”
Can madness farther go! But we are not at all alarmed at the imptent ravings of this handful fo fanatics, this unblushing avowal of sentiments, which would disgrace the infamous proceedings of the Harford Convention. Last year, when the Texas question was in embryo, we exposed to the indignant reprobation of the people of Virginia similar sentiments from the lips of John Quincy Adams and eleven other members of Congress. The voice of patriotism then prevailed, not only in the South but throughout the Union. The disunionists were prostrated, Texas was decreed to be a portion of our glorious Confederacy, the rights of the Sought were respected, and the Constitution declared not to be a nose of wax in the hands of Abolitionists, for the accomplishment of their nefarious schemes. As it was then, so will it be now- but with this stronger fact- that how the faith of the nation has been solemnly plighted- that it is matter of undoubted proof, that foreign nations have arrogantly interposed to arrest our freedom of action, and to interfere with our rights- and that the monstrous proposition of “a balance of power,” has been impudently thrust into one face. For these and other reasons, the national pride has been aroused, and many who were bitter enemies to the extension of our flag over the “Lone Star,” are now zealous for the completion of the measure, as a rebuke of foreign intrigue and ambition, and as a signal proof of the establishment of our national rights on an impregnable basis.
Again, in the very midst of these howling fanatics of Boston, we have seen many gallant spirits arise, who will do their duty to their country and guard her honor from violation. All will remember the noble toast of Mr. Winthrop, who went for his whole country, however bounded.- He, doubtless, represents the views of many Massachusetts Whigs- who will resist the disorganizing and infamous proposition of Channing and others. Moreover, the commercial advantages of annexation, will operate with force upon the self-interest of a large class in Boston- and they too, will unite in sustaining the plighted honor of the nation. We, therefore, have no fear of the fiendish anatemas of a few Massachusetts abolitionists. They will be prostrated by the whirl-wind of public sentiments- and we may safely venture to predict, that the Bay State, so far from flying off from the Union and nullifying its laws, will cheerfully acquiesce in a measure, which to them is destined to prove so beneficial.
In connection
with this subject, we take great pleasure in re-publishing from the Martinsburg
(Va.) Gazette an eloquent communication, in view of the final union
of the two Republics. It was written before the action of the Convention
was known- but it shadows forth the true effects of the convocation of
the people’s delegates.- From the signature and the locality, we
are fully warranted in the opinion, that is from the pen of a Whig, formerly
a distinguished State Senator; whose toast on the 4th July
we were proud to publish with commendation. From the manly bearing
of such Whigs as Winthrop and F, we have no fears for a disruption of
the Union, in consequence of the extention of liberal institutions.
The few traitors in Boston and New York, may attempt to shake the Union
with their hideous threats- but their impotence is equal to their malice.
Their names will be hung upon the pillory of History as a warning to traitors.
[JM]
Friday, August 8, 1845, RE45v42i27pc Words 63 Extraordinary Confusion of the Mails!
Our
New Orleans mail has failed for three days. But the Union of
Tuesday-night contains news from Texas, and we made a few extracts.
Our Southern papers must have passed us by without condescending to stop and
are, doubtless, wandering over the regions of the North. We shall
be thankful for the capture and restoration of the fugitives.
[JM]
Friday, August 15, 1845, RE45v42i29pc Words 165 Important Movement in Texas- The Other Lone Star
It has
been proposed in caucus, and by this time probably agitated in full Convention
at Austin, Texas, to bring two Texian States into the Union- one East of
the Brazos, and a new one West of that river, to be called Austin.
Our correspondent, who is near, though not on the field of operation,
thinks the affair was planned by the Hon. W. L. Cazneau, who is celebrated
in Texas and the Southwest for his adroit management as the leading representative
of the Western interests in the Texian Congress. By dividing Texas
at the Brezos, there will be just enough population on each side to elect
a representative, and thus meet the requirement of the United States Constitution.
If, by this device, the Hon. Gentleman secures, at the very outset, four
Senators in Congress, he will deserve all the credit our Matagorda correspondent
gives him for ability and good management in making the most of Texas.
[JM]
Friday, August 15, 1845, RE45v42i29pc Words 274 Editorial
The Baltimore Republican and Argus comes to us in an enlarged and improved form. We congratulate this spirited champion of Democracy upon its increased means of usefulness and ability to contend with Whiggery, and we wish it a new and a glorious triumph at the coming election.
In reply to the enquiries of the Illinois Register and other journals, in regard to the negotiation now understood to be pending between the United States and Great Britain, on the Oregon question, the Union of Wednesday night employs the following language. The last sentence expresses the sentiment s of the whole nation:
“We answer frankly, and in the same respectful spirit in which the ‘State Register’ has spoken to us, that all negotiations between nations, during their pendency, have at all times been confined to the parties conducting them. In reference to the Oregon question, as must be the case in all negotiations, the President and his constitutional advisers are the only persons who can know what is transpiring. Why, then, call on the ’union’ to declare what has been done, or what will be done, on this subject? At the meeting of Congress, the President will doubtless lay before them all that has occurred, or may occur, as far as the same can be properly communicated, compatibly with the public interests. Of one thing we may confidently assure the Register, and all others who have been pleased to propound these question to us; and that is, that the administration will firmly assert and maintain all our rights to the Oregon territory, and that they will preserve and uphold the sacred honor of their country.”
[JM]
Friday, August 15, 1845, RE45v42i29pc Words 255 The True Spirit
(Whig) is a severe rebuke upon the absurd and unpatriotic position of the New York Courier & Enquirer, that the administration is liable to censure for sending troops, at the request of the people of Texas, to protect that country against foreign invasion. It is strange to us, that any man of ordinary capacity should object to a course, dictated by the soundest discretion and the plainest right:
“The process of annexation itself has been somewhat anomalous. It would , doubtless, have been better if Congress had made special provision for the defence of Texas in the event of the acceptance of the annexation resolutions, inas much a there were abundant reasons for apprehending hostilities on the part of Mexico. But because that duty was neglected, it does not follow that the President should neglect his. The compact of annexation has now the force of a law; and the requisition of the Constitution which binds the Executive to see that the laws are faithfully administered, is his warrant for securing to this law of annexation its full force and validity.
“If the machinations of Great Britain to defeat annexation, which gave a new aspect entirely to that question, had been direct and decided enough to endanger the final consummation of the measure, we should not have been disposed to find fault if the President had occupied Texas before the meeting of the Texan Congress. In matters of this sort, decision and energy are every thing. Responsibility must be taken when emergencies arise.”
[JM]
Friday, August 15, 1845, RE45v42i29p2c1 Words 1,348 The Crisis at Last!
From the official papers of the Mexican authorities, which will be found below, as taken from the New Orleans Republican, there seems to be no doubt that Mexico has committed the suicidal folly of declaring war against the United States, for the supplied outrage upon her soil and national rights, by the annexation of Texas, the latter being vastly more free and independent than, her savage oppressor. We had hoped that no such mad and ridiculous step would have been taken by that impotent nation, weak in its own elements, but rendered entirely powerless, from intestine dissension and anarchy.
But the dial is cast- and this Government will meet the issue, forced upon it, in the spirit of American freemen. It is a matter of proud satisfaction to know, that the Executive have taken active and vigorous steps to concentrate a sufficient naval and military force; so as to meet all … In addition to the 1,500 troops now in Texas, we see that troops have been ordered from Fortress Monroe, Fort Hamilton, (N.Y.), Fort McHenry (near Baltimore), to repair at once to the rendezvous in Texas. It is thought that, in a very short time, we shall have collected a force of 3,000 efficient men- who, with the local troops furnished by our new associate Texas, will be amply sufficient to chastise the insolence of Mexico and maintain the honor and rights of our country. A very efficient little fleet is now collected in the Gulf, to capture; or drive from the ocean, the wretched vessels that Mexico may be able to scrape together. Her privateers will fall an easy prey to the invincible naval power of the United States. Our victories, both on land and sea, will be easily won- and, in a very short time, the boasted Mexican valor will be a by-word with nations.
Of course, it is unnecessary to add, that this declaration of hostilities will cause not the least apprehension among our people. Conscious that their cause is righteous, and that the last resort to harms has been forced upon them by an arrogant power, in a moment of desperation the people unanimously, with the exception of a few traitors to the North, will wait coolly the course of events, resolved, at all hazards, to vindicate the rights and honor of the country, against a world in arms.
The N. O. Republican thinks it probable that England will be a party to the war with mexico. We must have strong evidence, to make us hope for such a result. She has too much staked upon her swelling commerce, to expose it to the attacks of our gallant navy. A war with us would cut off her supply of cotton- …bosom would sprang up deadly enemies who, maddened by the want of break, would require a mighty force to subdue their fierce …-Her colonies, groaning under British avarice and oppression, would welcome the signal for their redemption from her galling chains and would strike for their independence. In a word, in the first moment of war, England would find herself surrounded by numberless obstacles, that would cripple her power in every direction- For these reasons, we cannot think, that she will have the folly, to involve herself in a war, which will break up her commerce, stop her factories, and probably wrest from her many of her rebellious colonies.
But, suppose she should rush madly into the melea, what would be the consequence? It will be admitted that it would be almost exclusively a maritime war, and in review of our early naval operations will show how such an one would result at the present time. The New Orleans Republican examines this point, and we make use of the facts furnished by that excellent Journal. In the Revolution our Navy csistes of about twenty-five vessels of all descriptions. In 1798, small as it was, the ocean was covered wit hits glorious achievements. The first Lord of the British Admiralty, in his official report, stated that the Americans had captured seven hundred and eighty-three vessels, the loss of which, he estimated at twelve and a half millions of dollars- but it was subsequently ascertained to be nearer twenty millions. In a single cruise Paul Jones captured sixteen prizes! Before the close of the war, 175 fighting vessels, carrying 2,500 guns and 11,000 seamen, sailed under American colors. They secured both the great oceans, moved over the British Channel, and laid siege to castles and towns even on the British Isles. Bristol, the great commercial city in England, was shattered by the spoliations of our cruisers.
So much for the glorious deeds of our Navy in the infancy of the Republic. It would be easy to calculate what could now be done by our excellent Navy commanded by able and skillful officers, and thoroughly disciplined men. We have all the means and experience to fit out a formidable naval force. The numerous steamers which cover the Mississippi and Ohio, could soon be made valuable instruments of attack and defence- and we should have no cause to dread even the boasted Marine of England. For a brief period we might … but in a short time, we should be fully prepared to cut up British commerce, and tame her arrogance.
The Picayune thus shadows forth the probable course that Mexico will pursue:
“That she will issue letters of marque and teprisal- attempt to turn loose a set of foreign privateers upon our commerce- has been hinted at, and with good show of reason. There are not sailors enough, put them all together, in her contemptible marine to man a single sloop of war effectively, and we trust that our Government will at once declare every vessel engaged under Mexican colors, without the lawful complement of natives on board, a pirate, and string up every foreigner to the yard arm. The pages of Vattel may not afford such authority, but Vattel knew but little of Mexico when he wrote, and strong cases require prompt and forcible arguments- On land, the course of the United States is plain enough. With the regular troops now in Texas and the volunteers ready to start at a movement’s warning, we have a force sufficient to crush any miserable apology of an army Mexico can concentrate between San Lus Potosi and the Rio Grande for three months to come – it would be an act of charity to take the entire army of our … neighbors prisoner. To save them from the starvation that has long been preying upon them. Possession of the harbors of California- a matter which a frigate and sloop of was could easily effect- might also be taken, and if all these plans are carried out, we shall have the enemy at our gates sueing for peace before a year is over their heads.”
The N.O. Courier contends that, even the closing of the ports of Mexico to American Commerce would, by the law of Nations, be tantamount to a declaration of war, and holds, that the United States should act accordingly and not wait until it should please Mexico to remove the embargo. The Courier cites the example of France, against whose commerce Mexico closed her ports- after France had wasted years in vain attempts to enforce the rejected claims of her citizens for indemnity. France at once blockaded the Mexican coast, seized upon the fort of San Jean de Ulna, held Vera Cruz as a hostage and forced Mexico to render full and perfect satisfaction.
The
Courier urges our Government to pursue the same rigid course- or it is evident
that, annexation being accomplished, the right of Mexico to Texas was destroyed-
indeed the failure of Mexico to reconquer Texas amounted to a renunciation
of all her claims. Moreover, contends the Courier, Mexico never had
any just claims upon Texas- as both treaties and ancient maps prove that
Louisiana, as ceded to this Republic, extended to the western banks of the
Rio Grande, and, in fact, Texas never belonged to Mexico.
[JM]
Friday, August 15, 1845, RE45v42i29pc Words Office of War and Marine See Richmond Whig RWP4C3
Friday, August 15, 1845, RE45v42i29pc Words 62 Important from Mexico
It seems
that, after all, Mexico is about to commit some folly and either declare war,
or an embargo. From such a people, under such rulers, no course,
however mad or suicidal, ought to excite astonishment. We have only
time to give the cream of the New Orleans papers received yesterday-so
that our readers may make their own deductions.
[JM]
Friday, August 15, 1845, RE45v42i29pc Words 191 The Annexation of Texas
‘Tis finished now- the holy deed
By favoring Heaven’s will decreed:
Blessed with propitions fortune’s smile,
Despite of threat and lure and wile,
Two kindred nations clasp their hands,
And join their hearts in happy bands.
No streaming blood- no wasting fire;
Confusion wild- nor carnage dire,
Hath stained that union, fair and just,
Of nations, who may boldly trust
Their cause to God, and their own might,
To prove it, and defend it, right.
Proud Yorktown’s deeds of glorious fight,
And San Jacinto’s records bright,
Together stamped on History’s page,
Shall be rehearsed in every age;
While dark Paoli’s funeral wail
Shall echo red Alamo’s tale.
The men of Texas- well may we
Salute them brethren, bold and tree,
Blood of our blood, bone of our bone-
A round one common altar-stone,
Shalt meet wit us, and worship there
In freedom’s faith, with freedom’s prayer,
No longer lone, the Texian star
Shall shine in peace, and gleam in war,
A mingling ray of that bright beam
Which from the Eagle’s Flag doth stream,
And, from the land of freedom’s birth, Expands it radiance o’er the earth.
[JM]
Friday, August 22, 1845, RE45v42i30pc Words 391 The Seat of War
It is strange- but we have no further news from Mexico-not even a rumor. The American schr. Water Witch, was to have left Vera Cruz on the 28th. She had not reached N. Orleans on the 12th inst. This prolonged voyage of 15 days has given rise to sundry speculations. Some think she has been seized by the Mexican authorities, as in a State of war. Another and more probable opinion is, that she has waited to bring home our Counsil and citizens resident at Vera Cruz- in the expectation of a declaration of war. The public excitement on the subject of the warlike demonstrations of Mexico seems to have subsided.
P.S. We have since received further news from Mexico, in the Union of Monday night. It will be found in another column. It seems that on the 26ht July, there was no declaration of War, thought the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cueras, had addressed a fierce and flaming paper to their Congress, recommending active War, as soon as they should officially hear of the acceptance of Annexation by Texas. In a previous address of Cuevas to Congress, on the 16th ult. This terrible Minister employed the following language, far from just or gentle. Our cabinet; no doubt, feel much mortified at this formidable blow:
“But Texas, degrading herself, and losing all consideration for those nations who, by a happy policy, hastened to recognize her as an independent people, has at length succumbed with shame and opprobrium to the unsurping and perfidious policy of the American Cabinet. Such conduct deprives her of the rights upon which she might claim her independence, and the Republic will now be enabled to commence her struggle with a justice which will excite the sympathies of the whole world and will merit a result the more glorious, as its aspirations have always been in favor of peace, and of the … of the principles of civilization and humanity. As time rushes in, the United States will discover in this usurpation a fatal error; the good faith and honesty o every nation will condemn her, and she alone will be responsible for the evils of a war which she will have provoked.
“The report concludes with another flourish about the loyalty and good faith
of Mexico, and the perfidy of the United States.”
[JM]
Friday, August 22, 1845, RE45v42i30pc Words 49 Very Late from Vera Cruz, Mexican Affairs
We hasten
to lay before the readers of the Tropic the latest news from Mexico.
The Water Witch, Capt. Trennis, left Vera Cruz … , a declaration of war
is now very doubtful. Our prompt and intelligent correspondent tells the whole
story.
[JM]
Friday, August 22, 1845, RE45v42i30pc1 Words 115 Miscellaneous
United
States Naval force in the gulf. The Washington Constitution says, that
“the United States squadron in the Gulf of Mexico is ample for any emergency
likely to arise in that quarter. Including the steam frigate Mississippi,
now on her way, it will consist of ten vessels of war, mounting over two
hundred guns.” This, we believe, is a larger force than has ever been
heretofore concentrated under the command of any naval officer in our service.
On the Western coast of Mexico, there is, or shortly will be, eight of
our vessels of war, and this force will be increased by the vessels of
the East India squadron now on their way home.
[J.M]
Friday, August 22, 1845, RE45v42i30pc Words 354 Editorial
… every wish for the glory and safety of our institutions, seem to be summed by the fatal poison of anti-slavery fanaticism. When the news arrived at New York of the probable declaration of a War by Mexico, instead of sinking its parry and fanatic prejudices, and giving its whole heart and soul to the adoption of the necessary measures, for the vindication of our national honor and the defence of our rights against the unrighteous aggression of a foreign nation, see how the Tribune of Saturday stigmatizes a War, which, if it should occur, will be forced upon us by Mexico, contrary to every rule of right and justice:
“Mexico is about to appeal from our rapacity and injustice, to the barbarous and bloody arbitrament of the sword. In this report, she is madly blind and misguided, but for the blood which shall be sliced in the contest, she will be far less guilty than those of us who have not resisted with all our might the … act of rapine, which is the cause of this most unnatural drama of murder- It is too late now to avert the guilty business.- The issue of the war is not doubtful. Mexico is pitiably the weaker party, and must go to the wall. Soon our army will be on the Rio Grande Del Norte, with the flag of freedom at their head, and an endless procession of slaves in their rear. The army will dispossess the Mexican authorities the chained and coffled procession behind will subdue and cultivate the soil, dancing to the music of the overseer’s whip. We shall ultimately annex Mexico down to the Sierra Madre… These will be conquered by our arms and treasure; they will be monopolized by the land-speculators and slave-drivers, and the real expenses of the war will be wrung from the sweat and toil of our honest, hard-working millions. And they will shout and huzza over victories which will fill the land with a few vast, unearned fortunes, and send their own children hungry and hopeless to miserable lairs. Such is the way of the world.”
[J.M]
Friday, August 22, 1845, RE45v42i30pc Words 115 A Capital Hit
The war with Mexico- As soon as the Richmond Whig carried to country readers the striking idea that none but annexationists ought to bleed or pay for the war which Mexico threatens us with, its language was caught up everywhere and from every genuine “Whig” might be heard the witty, profound, and patriotic remark addressed to Democrats-
“Well now you’ve got… Texas, I supposes you Locos are going to do all the fighting and paying – won’t you:”
An honest countryman, in reply to this threadbare piece of second-hand banter, retorted-
“O,
no- We got Texas- that was our part. You Whigs must do what’s necessary
now, to keep it!” – the Whig sloped.
[JM]
Friday, August 22, 1845, RE45v42i30pc Words 391 Movements of Mexican Troops
The steam schooner Augusta, Capt. Giller, arrived here yesterday from Matamoras, which place she left on the 12th inst. We have gleaned some items from a letter written by a resident of Matamoras to captain Gillett, on the day he sailed.
The letter, speaking of the movements of troops in the vicinity of Matamoras, says, it was known positively that all the points of the Rio Grande would soon be covered; that General Arista had about 3,000 men within one days’ march of Matamoras on the 12th; that Gen. Pardeds was on his march to Monterey with 4,000 or 5,000 men, that Gen. Gaona was also on the march with 3,000, that Gen. Bustamente was going to New Mexico. The letter then says- Notwithstanding these preparations, I believe that hostilities are not so immediate as it might be thought as first.”
It seems that no General in chief had yet been appointed and that there are no contracts for the necessary supplies of a campaign or for serious invasion of Texas.
The letter states further that “the Mexican Government says to Congress, that in its opinion, there is no need of waiting for the delay stipulated in the treaty (between Mexico and this country) for a declaration of war, (if declared) because notices enough have been given to the United States Government months ago.”
The letter further says: “Some person , generally well informed, think that the government needs money much, and wants to hold up the prospect of a war to get their loan approved. The hope that foreign intervention will soon put an end to difficulties seems to be at the bottom of the ideas of this government, which, on another side, is threatened with a new revolution, according to some letters from the capital.” It, is also stated, that, according to the official papers of Mexico, the $15,000,000 had been negotiated- but this is doubtful.
By a dispatch of the Mexican Consul, then here, the General commanding at Matmoras had been advised of the shipment of troops from this port to Corpus Christi and Bexar.
The letter concludes thus: “The next mail will probably have the debates of Congress on the loan and war bills. We may perhaps better see into the future than now.”
We do
not see much war in all this.
[JM]
September
RE43n34p1c4, September 2, 1845: INSULT UPON THE COUNTRY
Most gladly have we chronicled the numerous evidences of patriotic spirit by the peculiar state of our relations with Mexico. In ever portion of the Country, an American feeling has been aroused, and gallant volunteers have come forward to offer their services in their Country’s cause. It has shown to the world, that, however we may quarrel among ourselves upon the policy of Government, the first signal of danger to our soil or our liberty, will rally the masses of the National standard.
On the other hand, how painful and mortifying is it to be forced to record the violation of the first duty of a patriot, by men calling themselves Americans! We have already had occasion to point out such instances in the Northern States. But now we are called upon to hold up to public reprobation the treacherous conduct of the leading Whig press of New Jersey, whose citizens justly pride themselves upon the title of “true blue.” The Trenton Gazette, commenting upon the picture drawn by the N.O. Bulletin of the effeminacy and weakness of the Mexicans, says:
“Such is the nation, upon which we have committed a gross outrage, and unprovoked outrage, perpetrated while she was fulfilling with a promptitude that astonished us, all her obligations to us––an outrage which any nation would repel with war, if it was strong enough to do so. We have presumed that Mexico would not be so foolish as to resort to war––not because we had not provoked her to it, but imply because she was too weak to defend her rights or resist our aggressions. We are jealous of the infamy of those nations, which have used their power to deposit weaker nations. We have sought to show, and we have shows, that we can act as violently and as meanly, as England, when she forced her poisonous and intoxicating drugs on the Chinese, or as France when she seized without provocation, upon the inoffensive islands of the Pacific.”
Can anything be found in the scurrilous press of Great Britain more revolting to the American feeling, more grossly insulting to the American character? Does not this American (!) Editor openly take the side of Mexico in her unjust quarrel with us? Does he not plainly invite Mexico, and all the world, to take up arms against the United States, and punish us for our “outrages,” “infamy,” “meanness” and “violence?” The writer outrages the plainest of facts , and the most solemn of records, when he gratuitously contends that Mexico has promptly fulfilled “all her obligations to us.” Dos not the whole country know, that Mexico has acted towards us with a double-dealing, and wanton injustice, which we have hitherto treated with too much leniency?
What
outrage have we committed upon Mexico? Two independent nations have
solemnly agreed to unite each other’s destinies into one.–– This is our mighty
offence. Texas, acknowledged to be independently by the greatest nations
of the earth, and virtually recognized as independent by Mexico herself,
who had not the courage or the power to reconquer her, has consented to come
into our Federal Union. The has aroused the wrath of Mexico, and though
we have not interfered with the rights of the latter, she had no plausible
claims upon Texas, we are to be met with hostilities––and the defence of
our rights and honor is to be stigmatized by an American Editor as
“mean,” “violent,” and “infamous outrage.” We shall say nothing more.
The infamous sentiments of that journal will receive from the nation the
withering indignation which they so justly merit.
[BRM]
RE43n34p1c5, September 2, 1845: ASHBEL SMITH OF TEXAS ONCE MORE
The New York Journal of Commerce publishes, in advance, a long letter from this famous diplomatist, to the editor of the Galveston Civilian. This gentleman has played so important part in the drama of annexation––has been invested by the press with such Protean disguises, that his adventures are full of interest to both countries. In the first place, we shall record his important denial that he was “the man with the white hat.” He complains of the abuse and calumny heaped upon him by the press, and maintains that he has never been opposed to annexation. We extract the gist of his defence––but must accompany it with our opinion, that, in the best view, he, too, was “coquetting,” instead of playing and open, manly part. We will further add, that the Journal of Commerce completely acquits Mr. Smith of any design of defeating annexation. As we have, heretofore, expressed our decided disapproval of Mr. Smith’s diplomatic maneuvers, we think it but just to let him be heard in his own defence. We will do Mr. S. the justice to state, that he is, now, clearly in favor of annexation:
“The insinuation that I have opposed annexation, or that I went to Europe to concert measure, or to co-operate in any way with any European Government for the purpose of preventing annexation, is utterly false. The following facts will illustrate my view on the subject. In June, last year, a proposition was made to me as Texas Minister in France and England, to pass a diplomatic act, whereby these powers would guarantee to Texas peace with Mexico and independence, conditioned that we should remain a separate Government. I communicated the proposition to the Department of State, accompanied with what I conceived a strong argument against its acceptance, based on the grave objections to European interference in American affairs, on any pretext whatever. This dispatch of mine is in the archives of Texas. The proposition has never been renewed on either side. President Jones, then Secretary of State, under Gen. Houston, entirely approved my conduct.
“My signing, with Senor Couevas, articles preliminary to peace with Mexico, has been severely condemned. I received assurance on which I could rely, that the Mexican Government would sign these articles, provided the Texas Secretary of State would first affix his signature. It appeared proper to accede to this overture from Mexico, for the following considerations:
“First–––The signing of the articles in question removed all pretext for the renewal of hostilities by Mexico, and thus left Texas to pursue, with out molestation, such policy as we might deem best.
Second––It was in fact a relinquishment, sub mode, by Mexico, of all claim of sovereignty over the territory of Texas, thereby facilitation rather than impeding Annexation.
“Third––It was the only way by which the overture from Mexico could be presented to the representatives of the people of Texas, to whom alone belonged the decision of so grave a matter as this, of peace or the risk of a renewal of hostilities.
“Finally––It was of great importance, in the event that any untoward circumstance should prevent the accomplishment of Annexation.
“Was the administration of Texas authorized, of itself; to reject ultimately, this friendly overture? Was it not bound to submit this matter to the people? There are facts in my possession which I shall at a proper time make known to the people of Texas, to convince them of the extreme importance of our coming to a pacific arrangement with Mexico at the period of signing the articles with Senor Cuevas, though that arrangement was temporary. The individuals who, in 1842, supplied Mexico with the facilities for procuring vessels of war to attack Texas, and whose machinations were then baffled by my activity, were ready in 1845 to advance means to equip the Mexican navy for the purpose of waging active war against Texas, with the same ultimate design as formerly upon one of our institutions. Are we sure, I would ask, that some Northern or Western Senators might not have been found in the American Congress friendly to peaceful Annexation, but opposed to receiving Texas with a war on it lands? Were we not sufficiently told, too, that what a resolution of Congress had done, a resolution might undo? And is the importance of a single vote––Senator Bagby’s for example––forgotten?
It has been falsely asserted that I signed the articles with Senator Cuevas, without the knowledge of the Executive. I know my duty better. In all my official conduct, I have acted under instructions from his Excellency the President. A different course would have rendered me liable to impeachment.
“My
general silence in April last on annexation, may have given rise to an honest
misapprehension of my opinion on this subject. I had then just signed
the articles of arrangement with Mexico. It is clear, that had the
Texas Secretary gone about making public declaration in favor of annexation,
the Mexican Government would have refused to sign these articles, notwithstanding
the assurances previously made. A discreet silence seemed the proper
course for me to pursue. But to avoid future misapprehension, I then
wrote explicitly my opinion on this subject to General Houston, to General
M. Baker, to Colonel Barnard E. Bee; I expressed the same opinion, in unequivocal
language, to Colonel Thurston, Mr. J. Temple Doswell, Mr. Henry F. Gillet,
Doctor Bowers, Dr. Kellum, Colonel M.B. Menard, General Charles Fenton Mercer,
and some other gentlemen in Texas; and I had declared the same opinion to
Hon. J. C. Calhoun, the Hon. Alcee Labranche, M.C. of Louisiana, the Hon.
T.H. Seymour, M.C. of North Carolina, and numerous other gentlemen in the
United States. I now authorize the publication of the above letters,
and all other letter written by me, however confidential, wherein allusion
is made to annexation. They will not be found to contain one adverse
or discrepant word. Were I opposed to annexation, I should avow it
fearlessly."
[BRM]
RE43n34p1c6, September 2, 1845: FOREIGN VIEWS
We are glad that Wilmer & Smith’s European Times have, in some degree, made the amende honorable for its insults upon the American character, on the Oregon question. The following extract, received by the Hibernia, shows a liberality of feeling and expanded views, which do credit to that paper. It is a pungent hit at some of the European politicians, who have advanced absurd and intolerable theory of “the balance of power.”
“ANNEXATION OF TEXAS.–––The annexation of Texas which may now be regarded as consummated, is too important an event in the history of nations to escape the lynx-eyed vigilance of the press in this quarter of the globe. It has been freely commented on since the arrival of the Acadia, last week, which brought the resolutions of the Texan Congress. The annexation is not, of course, palatable to John Bull, which is perhaps, the best reason why it should be popular on the Western shores of the Atlantic. The leading organ of the late Government, the Morning Chronicle, makes it the subject of a bitter attack on the foreign policy of the present Cabinet, which might, and ought, it contends, to have prevented the catastrophe. It is ridiculous to hold such language. The Ministry could not have prevented the annexation, if they had strained every art which diplomacy suggest.––The policy of Mexico, ever since Texas wrested her freedom from that imbecile power, has, step by step, accelerated the event at which the latter is now so chagrined. The ungrateful, not to say pitiful, conduct of Santa Anna, in constantly keeping in “hot water,” and actually making war upon the people who first defeated, and then, with a generous heroism, gave him liberty, cause Texas to be attracted, as sympathetically as the pole attracts the needle, to the United States. The citizens of that country were in feeling, as they now are in name, citizens of the great Republic––one common sympathy of country, and kindred, and institutions, animated alike the minor and the major Republic. The “star-spangled banner” has increased another stripe, and has baffled the policy of European statesmen––those long headed personages, who fancy that, like Joshua, the sun ought to stand still at their bidding.
“What
has taken place was inevitable in the nature of things, and has long since
been anticipated by all who could read the signs of the political horoscope.
But American aggrandizement, they say, will not stop here. This large
slice of decrepid Mexico may feed, but will not satisfy, greedy Republicans.
Yearnings after California are already apparent. Oregon, nah, Mexico
itself, may be swallowed up speedily by the energetic Anglo-American race,
now spreading over the Northern Continent. Such are the fears of the
rulers of the old world, fears which are participated in, to some extent,
by many who ought to know better, in our own island."
[BRM]
RE43n34p1c6, September 2, 1845: TO THE EDITORS OF THE ENQUIRER
Gentlemen: Since Mexico has arrayed herself in a somewhat threatening and belligerent attitude I have seen it stated on several occasions in your paper, and, it I mistake not on some of them editorially, that in the event of a Declaration of War against the United States by Mexico, and the issuing on her part of letters of marque and reprisal, that it would be proper, and justifiable on our part, to take any foreigners found on board the commissioned vessels, as a portion of their crew––treat them as pirates, and dispose of them by the summary process of hanging–and, by some example of this kind, a speedy check would be given to privateering. Indeed, in your paper of this morning, you have a long editorial on our relations with Mexico, headed, ”The Crisis at Last,” in which you adopt, as a portion of your article, an extract from “The New Orleans Picayune,” a portion of which is in these words: “We trust that our Government will at once declare every vessel engaged under Mexican colors, without the lawful complement of natives on board, a pirate, and string up every foreigner to the yard arm.
If Mexico should, in her wisdom, decide for War, I am for giving her, as can be done, without much trouble, and genteel dubbing; but then I am for doing so, clearly upon the principles recognized by international law, which governs nations. Now I would like to be informed, in what work on international law, from Puffendorff to Wheaton, the doctrine is laid down, that a vessel regularly commissioned with letters of marque and reprisal by Mexico, to operate against her enemies in War, constitutes the foreigners, who may be a portion of such vessels, pirates, and punishes them with death, by hanging at the yard arm. If any authority recognized by nations exist for such a procedure, I have yet to find it. How can our Government, assuming that she will not prescribed an arbitrary rule of action for herself, “at once declare every vessel engaged under Mexican colors, without the lawful complement of natives on board, a pirate and string every foreigner to the yard arm?” It is not our own legislation, I believe, that is to be the authority or umpire in such proceedings, but the established doctrines of internal law. And what may be the consequences of a departure from them; or the adoption of such a course of conduct as appears to be sanction by you?
Should war come, (which Heaven and mercy avert, for I am emphatically a man of peace,) I want the duration of his grim visage to be as short as possible; and certainly it will be so, if our fighting is confined to the Mexicans, (and we have no reason to believe we will be engaged wit any other nation;) but this will depend chiefly on ourselves; for, rest assured, should our Government attempt to carry out the doctrine sanctioned by you, and were it once put into execution, British subject the sufferers, nothing would save us from a conflict with her. We know the vigilance with which she protects her citizens wherever they may be. We know too, how extremely sensitive she has been on this Texas question; and,, under the influence of that feeling, associated as the provocation would be with this very question, war would, indeed by inevitable. How calamitous would be such a result! Vanquish her, we certainly could; but consider the loss of blood and treasure, and all the miseries following in the train of a long and sanguinary conflict. Would not France, too, our old ally, take fire at such a procedure, were her subjects the sufferers? And why place ourselves in a position to arouse the ire of our faithful friend, should war ever come upon us from the combined powers of European potentates? Remember, the French Eagle and the American Eagle can again lead the way to victory, glory and independence.
INVESTIGATOR.
August 15, 1845.
[We
think our clear-headed correspondent errs in stating that we have “adopted,”
or “sanctioned,” the principle which he so warmly reprobates.
We have seen it strongly commended by able and leading journals––but our
impression has been, and still is, that it is indefensible. We have
not had time, however, to look into the learned authorities. In no
even will it be necessary to resort to its employment against Mexico.–––Enq]
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RE43n34p1c7, September 2, 1845: MEXICAN INDEMNITY
From
a private letter dated Mexico, July 26th, 1845, received by a
gentleman in this city, we derive information that, on the 31st
inst., a motion was made in Congress to call off the Secretary of the Treasury
for a written report on the subject of the payment of the two missing instalments
of the indemnity, which produced a very animated and lengthy discussion.––Mr.
Trigueros, the late Secretary of the Treasury, and Mr. Voss, the Agent of
the United States, were handled very unceremoniously; and the Ex-Minister
of the United States, Mr. Shannon, was likewise subjected to some critical
remark. The motion was finally carried by a vote of 27 to 26, and we
are now likely to get possession of the leading facts in this hitherto mysterious
affair.––[N.Y. Express
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RE43n34p2c4, September 2, 1845: TEXAS
The ship Suviah, Capt. Gibbons, arrived here yesterday from the bay of Aransas.–– She left the anchorage at that place on the 16th. Noting has transpired of any interest since our last accounts from that point. Previous to the vessel’s sailing, the steamer Monmouth came off and reported that war had been declared. How the news reached our force on the main land, we are not informed. It may be that Gen. Taylor had received recent intelligence to that effect from the frontier; and then again it may have been repetition of the menacing news received here a short time since.
Capt. Gibbons confirms the news of the loss of the Swallow. The greater portion of the cargo was lost.
Gen. Taylor, with his command, had left the neighborhood of St. Joseph’s, and established himself at San. Petrucio.
No further intelligence has reached us regarding the movements of the Mexicans.
The Capt. Of the Suviah reports, that, on the 18th, he saw the schooner E.S. Lauden, bound for Aransas, with Government stories. On the 3oth, 100 miles West of S.W. Pass, aw the schooner Mary Wilkes, also for Aransas, with government stories.–––[N.O. Jeffersonian, Aug. 25th.
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RE43n34p2c4, September 2, 1845: MOVEMENT OF TROOPS
We
have from every quarter intelligence of the movements of troops and munitions
of war, but it will not be necessary to give the details, except some which
may occur in our own immediate neighborhood. The Cleopatra,
of the Norwich and Worcester line, came in yesterday with upwards of 800
passengers, of who were three Companies of United States Troops, two from
Boston, and one from Portsmouth; they are ordered to Texas, and will proceed
thither in the United States Storeship Lexington, from this port.
Four-fifths of the United States Army will be shortly in Texas––a force,
which will render any hostile demonstration on the part of Mexico almost
a farcical affair. At the Navy Yard, say a Brooklyn paper of yesterday,
a schooner has arrived with a cargo of boxes on top of each was marked, in
bold letters, “20 rifles, Galveston, Texas, per United States ship Lexington.”
They were immediately put on board said ship, and last evening she was pronounced
read for sea––two and a half days only having been occupied in fitting out.
She will receive her troops on board, we learn, this morning, and proceed
to sea during the day.––[New York Morning News.
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RE43n34p4c2, September 2, 1845: WAR OR NO WAR?
It will be seen by the arrival from Texas, that the 3 or 4,000 Mexicans on the Rio Grande have dwindled down to about 400 at Matamoras. At the same rate of reduction, the formidable army of 10 or 11, 000 Mexicans, that were said to be marching upon General Taylor, will turn out to be little more than a thousand. “Men in buckram’ are not confined to Sir John Falstaff’s day.
It is gratifying to know, that the gallant soldiers under General Taylor, are in fine health and spirits, and not in immediate danger of being devoured by the yellow-skins.
But
we have no faith in Mexican appearances. Her cunning and revenge may by plotting
some great stroke against the united States, and we have done well to be
armed at all points. Of one thing we are satisfied, that if war be
avoided, it will mainly be owing to the wise, prompt and energetic measures
which our Government have adopted. The best way to put down a bully
is to meet him promptly, and expose his braggadocio. Mexico and the
world will see that we are prepared to sustain our rights, and she may well
hesitate about taking the suicidal step of declaring or making war.
[BRM]
RE43n34p4c2, September 2, 1845: TEXAS
By letters received yesterday from Texas, via Pensacola, as late as the 14th from Aransas, and the 15th from Corpus Christi, we have been put in possession of some additional information from these quarters. The U.S. troops had left St. Joseph’s Island, and had encamped on the main land. The officers and men were in fine health and spirits, and the fine breezes and cool atmosphere about the camp left no room for fear that any sickness would appear.
No accounts of the Mexican army of invasion reached the camp as late as the 14th. a courier had been dispatched to Matamoras and returned; he brought no news of Arista or any other Mexican General, and reports the force at Matamoras as not exceeding 400 strong.
On
the 12th inst., the schr. Swallow, Capt. Miner, in attempting
to cross the bar at Aransas, stuck on the North breakers, and went to pieces
the day following. The schooner left here about two weeks since with
600 bushels of coal, some stores and clothing belonging to the 3d regiment
of Infantry. The captain and crew reached the land in safety, saving
nothing but the vessel’s papers and letters, and a portion of their clothing.
A part of the cargo was recovered in a damaged state. [N.O. Jeff. Republican,
Aug. 23.
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RE43n35p1c5, September 5, 1845: (no title)
To throw some light upon the ultimate designs of Mexico, we give a sketch of the views of the Amigo del Pueblo, (“Friend of the People,”) published at Mexico, on the 26th July. This journal states that Senior Luis de la Rosa, the Minister of Finance, was last October a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and opposed a loan of ten millions––on the ground that, if the loan could possibly be obtained, it must complete the ruin of the Republic, in the horrid financial condition of the country. The foreign debt of Mexico is more that fifty millions of dollars–for the payment of which, one hundred millions of acres in California, Chihuahua, Senora, New Mexico and Texas are mortgaged. In consequence of the depreciation of Mexican bonds to 33 per cent. In London, and most probably 25 per cent., if the loan be made, it would require an addition of forty millions to realize the ten millions required.
In view, then, of the utter ruin of the nation, the loan of ten millions was rejected in October, 1844, at the instance of Luis de la Rosa––who, strange to say, as Minister of Finance, is now warmly urging the Congress to grant power to raise the “ruinous” loan of fifteen millions, by extraordinary means.
The Amigo asserts that the annual army appropriations amount to twelve millions of dollars, and that, even should the loan of fifteen millions be effected, Mexico will be in no condition to reconquer Texas or keep it in subjection.
“The ministry,” says the Amigo, “talks of war, but has no intention of making it. The opposition is regarded by it as much greater evil than the loss of Texas; and its own displacement as the heaviest calamity with which Mexico can be afflicted.”
Thus
speaks a Mexican Journal. Our readers, taking all the facts into view,
must judge for themselves of the resources of Mexico and whether we may soon
expect to hear the war-trumpet of our troublesome neighbor.
[BRM]
RE43n35p1c5, September 5, 1845: NO WAR YET
We
throw together all the interesting news we find in the N. Orleans papers,
touching our troops on the Mexican frontier, the movements of our warlike
neighbors and the proceedings of the Texas Convention. It seems that
as yet, nothing is to be apprehended from the Mexican army on the Rio Grande.
The concentration of American forces under Gen. Taylor will inspire the Mexicans
with so much respect, that they will not be in a hurry to break lances with
the Americans. [From the N.O. Picayune, Aug. 27]
[BRM]
RE43n35p1c5, September 5, 1845: LATEST FROM TEXAS
The steamer Undine arrived here yesterday morning, bringing us Galveston papers to the 23d inst. The following communication from Capt. Grice embraces the latest news from Corpus Christi, with a narration of any thing of interest which occurred on the voyage. It will be seen, that up to the time when the Undine left Corpus Christi there was nothing there of war but the rumors.
“On Board Steamer Undine,}
“Ascending Mississippi River, Aug. 25, ‘45}
“We left Corpus Christi on the 18th inst. All is quiet at the United States encampment. Hen. Taylor had succeeded in removing all the troops of the 3d and 4th regiments of Infantry and a large proportion of the public stores to Corpus Christ, where his head-quarters are at present established. A breastwork of earth had been thrown up and nearly completed. A few pieces of ordnance, procured in the worn, were brought into requisition. No certain information concerning the advance of the Mexicans had been received; but it was rumored, that Arista was assembling a large force at Matamoras and along the Rio Grande. The U.S. Dragoos, under command of Col. Twiggs, had crossed the Colorado, and were on their march to Corpus Christ––all well. A company of Mexican traders were expected in the next day. The location of the encampment is salubrious and pleasant, being immediately upon the beach of the bay, and open to the sea breeze. The health of the camp was good.
“We left Aransas Bay at 6 o’clock, on the evening of the 21st. The Schr. Florinday, with coal, &c., from New Orleans, had just arrived; schr Rosella, Shipman, was preparing for sea, to leave in a few days; steamer Monmouth, repairing at St. Joseph’s Island. The wreck of the schr. Swallow, on Aransas bar, had been stripped of her masts, sails, rigging, &c., and some of her cargo saved. A sale was to take place on the 22d inst.
“We arrived at Galveston the 23d inst, replenished wood and water, and left at noon on the 24th. The steamship John S. McKim was in port, and advertised to leave at 3 o’clock that afternoon. The ship Constellation, Capt. Jackson, and the brig Reaper, Capt. Bretton, were also in port––the former loading for Genoa to sail in five days.
“At 5 o’clock in the afternoon of the 24th isn’t., when about forty-five miles East of Galveston, we experience a very small squall of wind and rain from the South-east, accompanied by vivid flashes of lighting and a constant roar of thunder, which continued for the space of fifty minutes. This was followed by a dismal night and a heavy sea; however, we received no injury.
“On the morning of the 24th, at 10 o’clock, we passed the S.W pass of Vermilion Bay. We saw a steamer at anchor near the light-house, which was supposed to be the White Wing bound for Aransas, although no smoke nor signs of moving were discernable.
“Nothing off the S.W. Pass of the Mississippi river bound in.”
The latest news which we see from Austin is to the 13th inst. The Convention was still in session, but it was anticipated that their labors would close on the 23d inst., Saturday last.
The Houston Telegraph of the 20th contains the letter of E. Allen, acting Secretary of State, to the Hon. Ashbel Smith, informing him of the rejection by the Senate of the preliminary propositions to negotiate a treaty with Mexico on the basis of the separate independence of the Republic, and telling him, that, under such circumstances, it is unnecessary for him any longer to continue to discharge the duties of Minister to the European Governments. Why, we though that Ashbel Smith had told the editors of the New York Journal of Commerce that the purpose of his very hasty, but every mysterious visit to England, was, not to carry on, or keep open diplomatic relations, but to close them in a becoming manner; although it now appears he was “driving away,” or in the more polished Honstonic phrase, coquetting with those European Governments, until advised by his locum tenens that he might come home, as all future labor to defeat Annexation would be but labor in vain.
News of the arrival of the Dragoons, under the command of Colonel Twiggs, at San Antonio, had reached Galveston. They performed their march at the rate of twenty miles per day, and with very little sickness among their number––450. They are expected to join the army at Corpus Christi under General Taylor.
A Committee of Convention, to whom the subject was referred, state that the expenses of the new State Government for the first year will be 44,500 dollars. They estimate that the nett revenue for the year at $47,492.25; and by raising tax on land, which they suggest, from one-tenth of one per cent. To on-fifth of one per cent., thus equalizing it with the specific tax, they estimate that the yearly revenue will be 65,492 dollars and 52 cents.
The
idea of annulling the present Constitution, and forming a Provisional Government,
until Texas assumes its position as a State of the Union, which was bruited
by many, has not been entertained by the Convention; nor do we hear anything
of the formation of the territory into two States, about which some of our
Northern contemporaries seemed to be so very much troubled.
[BRM]
RE43n35p1c6, September 5, 1845: TEXAS NEWS
[From the Galveston Civilian, Aug 23.]
The best information from Matamoras is, that there were about fifteen hundred Mexican troops there, fortifying. They are represented to be badly supported, and not more efficient than Mexican soldiers usually are.
Mexico is evidently wholly unprepared for offensive operations at present, and our own impressions are, that her measures are adopted under the apprehension that the may be necessary for defence.
The United States papers seem to attach great importance to the prospect of war with Mexico, and many of them appear to anticipate it as a thing perfectly certain, and as serious as certain. They will know better how to understand Mexican braggadocio by and by.
So much in regard to , the desire for war on the part of Mexico. Now, in regard to the mean.–– El Siglo says that the way department alone now costs the Government 23 millions of dollars per annum, while the revenues of the nation amount only to eleven millions. It is not probable that such an exhibition of the resources of the country and the demand upon them, in time of peace, will dispose capitalist to invest very freely in the fifteen million loan to carry on a way, which must both lessen the ordinary revenues and increase expenses of the nation to a very great extent.
Some of the New Orleans papers published on the receipt of the last news from Vera Cruz, the statement that ten thousand Mexican troops were on the march for Texas. But no foundation could be found for the report.
D.H. Klaener, Esq., has been recognized by the President of the Republic of Texas, as Consul for the Hanseatic City of Lubek, for Galveston.
By our last accounts from the Convention we learn nothing further relative to the project of attempting to establish a provisional Government and annulling out present Constitution, prior to the completion (ratification by the people and acceptance by the U. States Congress) of the Constitution of the State. From the opposition to the plan, shown wherever discussed, throughout the country, we infer that it has been abandoned.––It was opposed at the outset by Messrs. Henderson, Van Zandt, and other leading members of the Convention, and discountenanced by Major Donelson so soon as it came to his knowledge. So there is every reason to believe that wise and temperate counsels have again triumphed over the desire for novelty and rash experiments.
[From the Austin Correspondent.]
Convention Hall, Austin, Aug. 6, 1845.
To the Editor of the Civilian: it appears, as far as I can collect the opinions of the Convention, that they all desire that taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the State, but much difference of opinion exists about what articles, if any, should be exempted; and, it appears, that some of the members wish to hold a controlling power over future Legislatures, and are unwilling to let them exercise entire control over the subject.
The question has just been taken on the subject, which passed in the following words:
“Taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the State. All property in this State shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained as directed by law, except such property as two thirds of both houses of the Legislature may think proper to exempt from taxation. The Legislature may think proper to exempt from taxation. The Legislature shall have power to lay an income tax, and to tax all persons pursuing any occupation, trade or profession. Provided, that the term occupation shall not be construed to embrace the right to persons farming, or the exercise of any mechanical trade.” Ayes 50, nays 3.
The section which says that “no corporate body shall hereafter be created, renewed or extended, with banking or discounting privileges,” passed. Ayes 46, nays 7.
Thursday, Aug. 7th, 1845.
The Convention met, and had under consideration the 28th section, prohibiting banking institutions. Carried.
A motion was then made to authorize the chartering of banks, provided two thirds of the Legislature should agree at two successive sessions.––Rejected.
The section, as it originally passed, was then adopted.
After this question was settled a debate arose upon the 31st section, in which no part was retained but these words:
“The aggregate amount of debts hereafter contracted by the Legislature shall never exceed the sum of 100,000 dollars, except in case of war, to repel invasion or suppress insurrections.”
Many amendments have been offered and rejected, to supply the remainder of the section, and the one under consideration, when the house adjourned, to prohibit the State, in any event, from pledging the faith of the State for money obtained on loan. What will be the fate of this amendment I can hardly say, but I am rather inclined to think it will carry.
Saturday, Aug. 9, 1845.
Since my last Convention has been engaged with the report of the committee on General Provisions, and have arrived as far as the Schedule.
The thirty-third section was stricken out, and one introduced by Mr. Bache, which was referred to the Judiciary committee, authorizing the Legislature “to erect four new States, in addition to the State of Texas, whenever sufficient population may hereafter entitle them to admission into the Union, under the Constitution and laws of the United States.”
The provisions for amending the Constitution were so changed as to render it necessary, after the majority of electors had decided upon amendments proposed, that they should pass ordeal of two thirds of the Legislature, before they could be incorporated as part of the Constitution. I do not, however, consider this mode of amending the constitution as definitely settled. Many delegates are in favor of any alteration being made by a convention to be called by the people.
This morning Mr. Ocheltree offered the following resolution:
Resolved, that the Judiciary Committee be instructed to examine Decree No. 308 of the laws of Coahuila and Texas, by which Samuel M. Williams, as Empressario, is authorized to create a bank to be called the “commercial and Agricultural Bank,” and to report to his committee whether in their opinion, unless prevented by a Constitutional provision, the said bank will be authorized to be established.
NEW YORK and GALVESTON PACKETS.–– Messrs. Brower and Neilson have formed and advertise a regular line of packets to sail monthly between New York and Galveston. Their names and times of departure from New York are as follows:
Brig Empire, 1st Semptember,
Ship Star Republic, 1st October,
Brig G. B. Lamar, 1st November,
Brig Mary, 1st December.
We publish to-day the Circular of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, the object of which is to prevent the shipment of debenture goods from the U. States to Texas, with the view of re-shipping the same back to the present limits of the U. States.
Frequent allusion has heretofore been made to this subject, and the novel and important question involved in it; and the Circular of Mr. Walker bears additional evidence of the difficulties and uncertainty attending the whole matter. Questions of importance to the United States have arisen where the laws are silent, or operative only construction. The Secretary says that “until further action of the Congress of the United States upon this subject and instructions founded thereon from this department, you (collectors of customs) will collect duties as heretofore upon all imports from Texas into the United States.” As a necessary consequence, the present tariff of Texas will continue to take effect upon goods of the united States imported into this country.
The Circular in question will, very probably, have in a great degree the effect intended––to prevent the shipment of the debenture goods to Texas, with expectation of reintroduction into the other States of the union, after annexation shall have been completed; though we doubt seriously whether there is any existing law which might not be eveaded under the prevailing habit of “mental reservation” in relation to “custom house oaths.” Debenture goods in quantities sufficient to supply the markets of Texas for the next five years, might be shipped to Texas, “no intended to be relanded within the United States,” and kept for sale in the markets of this country, to whom ever desired to purchase. It would require some new law of the United States to prevent those who might purchase here from reshipping these good to other States of the Union.
We have no doubt that this view of the sub. will be adopted to a considerable extent, by the merchants in Texas, though the Circular will probable defer many United States merchants from entering into the speculation who might otherwise have done so. This is probably the chief object of the Circular, for it makes no new regulation or application of law, but only impresses increases vigilance in the execution of existing provisions.
In
connection with this subject, may be mentioned the fact, that entries of
the U. States goods have been made under protest in the custom-house here––the
parties intending to try whether they are liable to duty upon the questions
whether Texas is not now a part of the U. States.
[BRM]
RE43n35p2c2, September 5, 1845: LATE DISPATCH
Wednesday night’s Union gives the following satisfactory account of our little army in Texas.
“LATE DESPATCH.–– We understand that the dispatches were received yesterday, as late as the 20th August, from Galveston. Recent accounts had been received from General Taylor’s camp. They are in good health and spirits. The artillery have provided themselves with some pieces of cannon which they wanted, and were mounting them in their intrenchments. The intelligence from Matamoras represents the Mexican troops as fortifying themselves, and expecting reinforcements.
“Col. Twigg’s dragoons arrived at Austin on the 8th August, where the Convention of Texas was assembled. It was calculated that he would join Gen. Taylor about the 18th of the month. The dragoons had borne their journey to Austin well, and their horses were in excellent order.
“ Their
junction would increase Gen. Taylor’s force to more 1,500, and the daily
accessions they were receiving would place our troops out of a possible casualties
from aggressions of the advancing Mexicans."
[BRM]
RE43n35p2c3, September 5, 1845: WAR WITH MEXICO
In the event of a war with Mexico, it is probable that a requisition will
be made on his State for a part of the necessary force. Governor Brown,
looking to this fact, has addressed a letter to the Secretary of War, on
behalf of our people, requisition that, as Mississippi did her part of voting
to acquire Texas, she may be permitted to do some part of the fighting,
to retain possession of that province. He desired that Mississippi
might be permitted to furnish volunteers, there being no necessity for a
draft. Major General John.M. Duffield, and Brigadies General
A. G. Bennett, have tendered their services to the Governor, in the vent
a call is made upon Mississippi for men. This fact, so honorable to
those officers, has been announced by the Governor to the War Department.
[Mississippian, 20th August.]
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RE43n35p2c3, September 5, 1845: NAVAL
According to the “Bunker Hill Aurora,” a considerable degree of activity prevails at the Navy Yard at Charlestown, Massachusetts, where several vessels are being put in readiness for sea. The Aurora says:
“The sloop of war Marion, Commander Lewis E. Simonds, destined for the Gulf, will be ready for sea about the last of next week. She has been in the dry dock for examination and came out yesterday. She has been furnished with an entire new armament from Alger’s foundry, and is now waiting for a few of her gun-carriages. She will proceed from this port Norfolk with recruits.
“The United States brigantine Boxer is not yet commission. She has been thoroughly overhauled and repaired in the dry dock, and has now got her yards up, and is nearly rigged. The Boxer will be ready in about ten days.
“The
frigate United States was taken into the dry dock this morning and
will be thoroughly repaired and got ready for sea. An entire new armament
has also been received at the Navy Yard for this vessel."
[BRM]
RE43n35p4c2, September 5, 1845: RICHMOND FAYETTE ARTILLERY: “MARCH TO MEXICO”
In yesterday’s Whig we find the following attempt to ridicule the patriotic motives which induced the Richmond Fayette Artillery to offer their services to the secretary of War, as developed in the Correspondence we published yesterday:
“RICHMOND FAYETTE ARTILLERY.
“MARCH TO MEXICO
“We find in the ‘Union,’(Mr. Polk’s organ) or Saturday, the following warlike correspondence.
“The spirit thus manifested by the Artillery, we have little question would be that of the whole country was really considered in any danger by a singly human being. But as it is, we can scarcely believe that any rational man regards the ‘attitude’ of Mexico, whatever gasconade her Governors may employ, or the national habits of that people familiarly resort to, as implying the slightest danger to any Anglo American thing of life, from a man to a musquetoe! And talking of musquetoes, we regard them at present, and we believe the lades of Richmond most heartily concur with us in opinion, as far more annoying and troublesome than the Mexicans, whom those ladies, if need were, flog themselves. They (the musquetoes) worry the children of nights, and the ladies themselves, terribly. We should look upon it as a most patriotic achievement, and quite as safe as the proposed onslaught against the Mexicans, if the Artillery would give this subtle and nocturnal for a, few broad sides before their departure for Mexico. We think it would be quite as easy to get the musquetoes to assemble on the Capitol Square, and consent to ‘stand fire,’ as to induce the Mexicans to stand the same operation. For the ‘glory,’ we feel satisfied that the ladies, whose bright smiles and brighter eyes are, in very truth, the only ‘glory’ that men care far, would pay more (at this particular time when they are ‘slapping’ all night to try to kill a stray musquetoe) for a musquetoe’s scalp for a Mexicans.”
In justice to that corps, we feel called upon to extract a few sentiments of the Richmond Whig, in its famous article, “War come at last!” on the 15th of August:
“The Annexationist must undoubtedly expect to defend Texas, now that they have forced the people of the United States to take the ‘Lone Star’ under their wing; and, however insignificant these gentlemen may have regarded the Mexicans heretofore, they will find them at least capable of resenting an insult.”
*** “We have here, then, not only the prospect of war with little Mexico, whose inability to contend with us should protect that Nation––but we have strong probabilities of having to encounter another nation, which, while it may not be able to conquer us, will, at least, annoy the United States very considerably.
“In anticipation of these things, we are glad to find that Administration has been making some little preparation for the emergency, by ordering the United States soldiery, in all quarters, to hold themselves in readiness. The Flying Artillery, as the Northern papers have it, have already embarked for the frontier, and the troops formerly in that quarter are also in a state of preparation for a conflict when it comes.”
Just twelve days after this “warlike” article in the Whig, the Artillery of this city, in view of the attitude of Mexico and the military changes daily taking place “by ordering the United States soldiery, in all quarters, to hold themselves in readiness,” through their Captain, offered their services, for any duty of Secretary of War would be pleased to assign to them––whether in active services, or in guarding the fortifications whence the United States troops had been withdrawn.––If on the 15th August, the Whig was convinced that the Mexicans were “at least capable of resenting an insult”––that we had the prospect of a war, not only with Mexico but with England––and that President did right in preparing for the emergency––what evidence did this same journal possess on the 26th August, the date of the action of the Artillery, to change its views entirely––to ridicule the idea that the “country was really considered in danger by a single human being”––and, so far from regarding the Mexicans as “capable of resenting an insult,” to stigmatize them as “effeminate race of Hybrids,” to place the Mexicans and mosquitoes on the same level, the latter being “far more annoying and troublesome than the Mexicans,” and much more willing to “stand fire?” All fear, too, of “having to encounter another nation, (England.)” seems to have vanished in 11 days.
We would also remind the Whig of its sneering interrogatory, in February last, when some members of this same Artillery Company were firing a salute in honor of the passage of the Annexation Resolution by the House of Representatives, “whether these gentlemen would be willing to fight for Texas, in whore annexation they rejoiced?” they have recently given an affirmative response to the Whig’s query, by avowing themselves willing to meet the consequences of annexation, in each and ever manner. Is it just or generous, then, that the Whig should attempt to cast ridicule upon their present patriotic movement?
We are as fond of a good joke as any man––but it should be consistent in itself and rest upon some foundation. But, when a public journal, in direct contradiction of its own expressed opinions, attempts to throw ridicule upon a gallant corps, whose readiness and efficiency no one can doubt, and whose spirit in the present cave all must approve, it evinces, to say the least, a want of good taste and proper justice.
Even in the same No. of the Whig, which ridicules the move of our Artillery Corps, we find the following passage, which really does no look as if, in the opinion of that journal, all danger had blown over:
“Mr. Polk’s errors committed, and in the very to be committed, have all grown out of this sensitive repugnance to an extra session of Congress. Yet, as Congress is the war-making and the war-providing power in our system, nothing is or can be clearer, than that Congress ought to be in session when war is to be denounced by this country, or AGAINST THIS COUNTRY.”
We are happy to quote from our other Whig neighbor, the Times, the following liberal tribute to the Artillery:
“The last Union contains a correspondence between Capt. Thomas H. Allis, of the Artillery, and Mr. Marcy, Secretary of War, with regard to the tender of its services to the Government by the Artillery. Mr. M. justly compliments the Artillery to its public spirited and patriotic motives, and says:
“ ‘Should the President by authorized to take into the service of the United States volunteers, and should the public exigency warrant the acceptance of your offer, the President will most readily avail himself of it.’”
P.S.––What will the Whig say, to the offer of the Richmond Fayette Artillery, if the following important intelligence, from the Union of Monday night, should turn out to be true, and the measures therein specified be carried into effect?
“Letters have been received in this city, by the Ann Louisa, arrived at New York, from Vera Cruz. One of these letters is dated at Vera Cruz on the 2d August; and although not so late by two days as the accounts to which we referred on last Monday evening, yet the information which it gives is some importance It certainly varies the appearance of matters in Mexico from what the other accounts of the 30th would represent them. The following is an extract from the letter of the 2d August, which was yesterday received in Washington:
“ ‘I deem it my duty also to state, that I have just seen a letter from the British Consul, sent to his house here, wherein he observes that orders had been issued, and approved by the war committee, for the troops on the frontier to take p their position ten leagues in advance of the Rio Bravo; and, if attacked, to defend themselves,’ &c., &c.
“Should Mexico carry out this scheme, we ask whether there be a man, with
an American heart, in his bosom, who would not put forth an arm to arrest
the invader. The National Intelligencer may hesitate to defend our
rights and our honor; but, fortunately for those rights and that honor, that
paper is considered rather in the light of the organ of foreign influence
that of American feeling. Let the day come when it may, that the Mexican
banner dares to pass the Rio Grande, we are satisfied that the great body
of the Whig party will come manfully forward to the support of the
national honor."
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RE43n35p4c2, September 5, 1845: (no title)
“It was established by Captain Ffemont in his Exploring Expedition, that
there is no river of any navigable size which has its outlet directly into
the Pacific, and communicated with the Western slope of our continent, except
the Columbia, between fifty degrees Northern latitude, and the Gulf of California.”
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RE43n35p4c3, September 5, 1845: MEXICAN CRUELTY
Many of the Whig presses, carried away by their hostility to Democratic measures, and especially the annexation of Texas, have evinced towards Mexico a tender sympathy which is far from being justified by the conduct of that tyrannical and barbarous nation. Some of these journals contend that the United States have exhibited an infamous desire to oppress a weak nation like Mexico––that the latter has fully complied with all her obligations to us, and that we are justly liable to the indignant reprobation of the civilized world for the meanness of taking advantage of her weakness in plundering her property and maltreating her citizens.
Mortifying as it is to read there unpatriotic attacks of Americans upon their native land, the grossness of their conduct is heightened by the fact, that there is no the slightest foundation for their miserable ravings. The history of the few past years amply proves, that we have received from Mexico numberless injuries and insults, which we have borne with too much lenity.––Had we shown the same energy and sense of pride, that marked the conduct of France, we should have taught Mexico a lesson, which might have saved us much trouble and annoyance at this particular moment. In a message of the 6th February, 1837, General Jackson wrote to Congress, “The length of time since some of the injuries have been committed, the repeated and unavailing applications for redress––the wanton character of some of the outrages upon the property and persons of our citizens––upon the officers and flag of the U. States––independent of recent insults to this Government and people by the late extraordinary Mexican Minister, would justify, in the eyes of all nations, immediate war.” it is true, the claims of that date were submitted to Treat action afterwards––but the conduct of Mexico, in reference to that very treaty, would justify, more than the claims it was intended to close, war. We have not time even to sum up the wanton violations of faith shown by Mexico sufficient to stamp her character with a more than Punic infamy. This has been admirably done by the able series of “C,” in the Washington Union. She has been shown to be equally faithless in the fulfillment of her treaty engagements, and of the obligations imposed by the law of nations and by the code of personal honor. Her highest functionaries have been guilty of an open disregard of truth––and the archives of the Board of Commissioners fully established her official and national turpitude.
We cannot stop to record the glaring instances of her outrages upon American property and citizens––her violation of the most solemn pledges to satisfy the claims of our citizens––nor the forcible seizure and imprisonment of American citizens. But we this morning are enabled, by the kindness of the friend from whose journal we extracted a few leaves on Monday, to adduce one of the most damning proofs of the barbarity and cruel tyranny of this semi-savage nation.––What American can read the following horrid details of the outrage, take from the same journal, without a thrill of indignation at the mean villainy and cruelty of Mexicans? We defy the records of history to produce a more revolting instance of cold-blooded cruelty and oppression.––This alone would be of itself cause enough for a vigorous punishment of Mexican infamy by our arms.. But add to it the numerous insults and injuries yet unexplained––the withholding of the acknowledged claims of our citizens––and we run up a catalogue of outrages, which, independently of the insolence of Mexico on account of annexation, would fully justify the most vigorous measures of Government. We trust that when Congress shall assemble, they will at once call upon Mexico for a full and ample apology for her many insults upon our Government, and wrongs done our fellow citizens. Anxious for peace as we are with all the world, we cannot agree much longer to submit to such overbearing and arrogant conduct as Mexico as shown. Self-respect, national pride, the good opinion of the world, and our own safety and welfare, imperatively demand, that we should settle all our difficulties with Mexico, peaceable if it can be done––but promptly, whatever may betide us. It would be a disgrace to our nation, if the present state of things should be allowed to endure much longer.
And yet we see American (?) journals hurling insult at the head of their own country––sympathizing with and sustaining the outrages of Mexico––and, at the same time, charging their own people with “meanness, infamy and plunder.” Out upon such traitors, who, in the broad light of truth and history, desert their own native land, and take shelter under the wing of Mexican tyranny and infamy! Thank Heaven, there are but few such miserable apologist of Mexico! Public sentiment will soon sink them to a still more degraded position than that which they now occupy. The present insolence of Mexico will attract the eyes of all America to her gross outrages upon our nation––and the few traitors, who may be found taking sides with her, will be gibbeted upon the pillory of public opinion. The following thrilling sketch is but one of the money instances of Mexican villainy which stain her history. It would be no glory to conquer such a nation––but it would confer a benefit upon the civilized would, to break up such a nest of robbers and malefactors:
Mexico, July 5, 1840.
*** Early in April last, a verbal order was issued by the Governor of Upper California to the Alcaldes of that Department, commanding them to arrest all foreigners within their respective jurisdictions. On hundred and eleven were, in consequence, immediately arrested. They were taken from their fields or workshops––forbidden to carry with them clothes, passports, or papers––dragged through the country, some of them hundreds of miles, lashed with hides and beat with swords during the day, and at night thrust into the loathsome dungeons of the Catholic missions, commonly used to subdue turbulent Indian converts. As soon as they were arrested, the soldiers who made the arrest, robbed their houses, seized their arms, cattle, horses, and other property, and distributed them among themselves and their friends. On the arrival of the prisoners at Monterey, between fifty and sixty were put into a prison room nineteen by twenty feet square, with no means of ventilation, save one small grated window, at which they stood, alternately, to catch a breath of air. The ground under them was so damp, that their feet sank in it. For three days and nights they were with out food or water. They were forced to yield to the necessities of nature in the same apartment, until the atmosphere became so fetid, that at times, during the heat of the day, many of them became frantic, or stupid with suffocation. At the end of three days, some humane gentlemen obtained permission of the Governor to have the prisoners separated, and to be allowed to send them provisions; but he refused to let them send planks for the sufferers to sleep on, or to permit them to take the air, or to make an inventory of the property they had left behind. On the 22d of April, they were all marched between files of soldiers, from the prison to the front of the Governor’s house, where they were seated on the ground in the middle of the street, and then called in, one by one, and questioned before a tribunal of justices as to their names, where they came from, and if they had passports. They were then compelled to sign the justices’ record, without understanding what it contained, or being permitted to have any other interpreter than a Californian, who, they say, cannot hold the most ordinary conversation in English. They were then remanded in prison.
On the 23d, forty-seven of these prisoners, (the rest, it was said, being left for another vessel,) were marched in irons to the beach, and there put on board of a Mexican barque, under a strong guard. When on board they were sent below; some chained to long bars of iron fastened to the lower deck; other two together, others singly in handcuffs and fetters. On the passage from Monterey to Santa Barbara, they were no allowed to go on deck for any purpose––only one small hatchway was allowed to be opened at a time––and a soldier stood always in that, threatening, by order of his commander, to shoot the first man who spoke. They had little food, and less water––were under a tropical sun, confined to one position, not allowed to stand, and with no place to attend to the calls of nature, except where they lay, and ate, and slept. On the 25th, they arrived at Santa Barbara; there they were driven, in chains, over the side of the vessel, into a small boat, loaded to the water’s edge, and carried through a heavy surf, at the imminent risk of their lives. On landing, they were marched to the prison of the mission of Santa Barbara, where they lay upon the wet ground three days without food, save what the Indian women of the neighborhood brought them, and a part of that was always stolen by the officers of the guard as it passed it on the prison: here, one man, a British subject, died. After this, they were let out in front of the prison, and permitted to wash themselves––being first time since they were taken prisoners. They were then again put on board of the same vessel, in the same manner as before, and carried to San Blas. They represent their passage of eight days thither as fully as uncomfortable as was that from Monterey, except that they were once or twice permitted to go on deck, and had buckets furnished to them for the purposes of nature; but that the horrid stench, the pain caused by their irons when the ship rolled, the burning thirst, and the unceasing cruelty of the guard, were the cause of the sufferings which they cannot describe. Moreover, the guards that stood in the hold of the vessel among the prisoners, had always in their hands drawn butcher’s knives, and as the ship pitched, they being unaccustomed to the sea, would fall about, to the great danger of the prisoners’ lives. They arrived at San Blas on the –––––day of May––were there put in prison, remained two days, and thence marched on foot to Tepic, a distance of 60 miles; driven under a blistering sun, beaten with clubs and muskets and swords, and fainting from the want of food. On their arrival at Tepic, the British and American Vice Consuls received them as if they had been brothers––procured them comfortable prison lodgings, furnished them with food and clothes, and, in short, did everything practicable to relieve the wretchedness of their situation. They are yet there. The party consists of 23 American citizens and 23 British subjects.
These men have had no trial: they declare that they are without crime, and that the do not know even of what they are accused.
The Governor, by whose orders they were arrested, charges them with a design to conspire against the authorities of California. We have seen no evidence that gives the slightest color of truth to such a charge––and there are many circumstances opposed to it. Few of the prisoners no at Tepic were acquainted with each other until they were assembled under arrest at Monterey. They had had no communication with each other. They were scatter over a territory more than seven hundred miles in extent. A number of them were seamen, who had been discharged from an American vessel but a few days before, in consequence of her sale and transfer to a citizen of that port. Other were men whose good characters are vouched for, established in the country, wealthy and industrious.
When
news of this occurrence reached Mazatian, Captain French Forrest, commanding
the U.S. sloop of war, St. Louis, immediately sailed for Monterey
to enquire into the circumstances. And he swore that if they should
prove to be as represented, and he could lay his hands on his Excellency
Don John the Baptist Alvarado, Governor of Alta California, he would bring
him to San Blas, in irons, at the risk of his ship and commission.
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RE43n35p4c5, September 5, 1845: MEXICO
There is considerable force in the following statements of the N.O. Bulletin of the 26th ult. That very nearly express our own views:
“Some
of the papers North are urging upon the President they expediency of immediately
calling and Extra Session of Congress. We doubt very much the necessity
of any such step, so far as our relations with Mexico are concerned.––There
has been, as yet, no declaration of war, and whether there will be one or
not, is just as uncertain now as it was two weeks ago. The probability
is, that the state of uncertainty may last for months to come. Our
opinion is, that Mexico, conscious of her impotence and entire inability
to carry on active hostilities, will put herself in the attitude of quasi-war.
By threatening and bullying and such warlike preliminaries, she will strive
to make the world believe there is to be war, and thus she will impede our
commerce, harass and vex our Government, and as effectually stop all trade
and intercourse with our citizen s as could be done by a promulgation of
war or an embargo. Indeed it must be obvious to ever one, that the
continuance of the present dubious aspect of international relations for
six months longer, will work much greater injury to us than could any belligerency,
waged by our puny neighbor. The policy is one, too, which Great Britain
is disposed to favor. The expulsion of American traders from Mexico,
and the stoppage of American commerce, and the exclusion of American manufactures
will be great gain to her, for then she monopolizes the Mexican market; whereas,
a breaking out of hostilities might result in political changes very unfavorable
to British ascendancy in Mexico. We think, then that the settled policy
of Mexico will be to threaten war and keep up a constant state of alarm,
without any over declaration of hostilities. Under such circumstance,
no necessity exists, fo the present, for the call of an Extra Session.
The Executive is vested with adequate powers to meet every emergency.
In the meanwhile, let us quietly await the progress of events, and the development
of Mexico’s intentions. And if Mexico continues to maintain the same
menacing, quasi-bellicose attitude when our Congress meets, in December,
then will it be the duty of our President to recommend the adoption of measure
to coerce our neighbors into decent behaviour––a compliance with the usages
of civilization, and an obedience to the laws of nations."
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RE43n35p4c5, September 5, 1845: (no title)
“Three of the Schooners of War built for Mexico by Brown &
Bell, in New York, still remain there, in consequence of the inability of
the Mexican Government to pay for them. Three others were paid for
a few months ago, and take to Mexico."
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RE43n36p1c4, September 9, 1845: MEXICO-THE WHIG PRESS
The Whig presses are put to great trouble, to weaken the confidence of the present Republican Administration. Their eagerness to condemn betrays them into the most ridiculous inconsistencies. At one time, they denounced the annexationist for having outraged the rights and honor of Mexico––and for having given just cause for war to Mexico. They then condemn the Administration as not having prepared for war as a necessary consequence of annexation, and as exposing the citizens of the U. States and Texas to the furious troops of Mexico, and the vessels of our merchants to be plundered by Mexican privateers. When convinced, against their will, that wise and vigorous measures have been adopted to defend the soil and people of Texas, now our own, Mexican aggression, and to protect our commerce by an efficient fleet––they turn round and denounce the Executive for having wasted the public money in preparations for war, which had not happened, and no one looked for––forgetting, short-sighted creatures, that these very preparations had shown to Mexico that we were no to be trifled with, and had prevented a hostile explosion on her part, should war indeed not come upon us.
Indeed, nothing seems to satisfy the Whig press. If no preparations had been made by the Executive to protect the soil and people of Texas, and by this negligence Mexico would have induced to overrun Texas, slaughter her citizens and take temporary possession of a territory virtually our own, there would have been no end to the fierce denunciations of the “heartless neglect and wretched imbecility” of our Government. Like the wise statesmen and faithful officers, the administration have promptly and thoroughly organized these necessary precautionary measures––and at once, the Whig press turn upon the Executive, and impugn their motives for having lavished the public money upon useless arrangements, in order to play into the hands of a corrupt speculators. This is the consistence, the justice, the decency of a portion of the Whig press! The country, however, rightly appreciate the patriotic and salutary measures of the Executive, and, whether we have or war or peace, will sustain the enthusiastically. The last news from the seat of operations, to be found in another column, shows that all is right with our gallant little army in Texas, and that there is no apprehension of immediate hostilities in that direction. But we cannot yet predict what course Mexico may adopt.
For the benefit of the Whigs, who profess to be so familiar with Artillery movements, an, indeed, for the information of our readers, to whom the subject is new, though full of interest, we quote the following from the Union of Thursday night:
“The
Artillery––Seening that certain newspapers are commenting upon the fact,
that Gen. Taylor’s artillery in Texas were “without guns,” we have taken
pains to ascertain the following facts: Our artillery regiments are
not armed as field artillery, and were never meant to be, in the whole, so
armed. They are armed, [the regiments, except one company in
each,] and always have been, as infantry serving in the fortifications with
heavy guns. They are called artillery in the law, and are meant
for garrisons to the seacoast fortifications. We have four regiments
of this artillery, or forty companies. If these were all field
artillery, they would require 240 field pieces, guns, and howitzers––field
artillery sufficient for an army of 240,000 men, according to the rule which
prevails modern armies. This, though a preposterous force of artillery,
if armed as field artillery, for any army the United States can ever
maintain or send into the field, is much too small for complete garrisons
of our forts on the sea coast and lake frontiers. These forts, which
completed, are estimated to mount 6,800 heavy guns. The four regiments
of artillery contain, rank and file, as we see from the Army Register, 2,168
men––less that 1 man to 3 heavy cannon. In time of war, this force
would be increased; but it is not meant ever to garrison the forts entirely
with regulars. The militia would, in great part, be employed for that
purpose; and it is certainly the best and most useful employment for that
force. We shall, however, have in each garrison a disciplined, well
instructed body of artillerist, of the more difficult duties at the guns
and horses. Four such companies have been ordered to Texas. The
other 12 artillery companies sent thither, are armed and instructed as infantry;
and, of course, are without ‘guns’––that is, ‘field cannon.’ The newspapers
which have commented upon this matter, may now understand it."
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RE43n36p1c5, September 9, 1845: AN IMPORTANT QUESTION
Many of our citizens have become proprietors of lands in Texas, and are, of course, solicitous as to the manner in which the various land titles of that country will be affected by the transfer of the supreme jurisdiction from her courts, on the final consummation of annexation, to the highest court known to the laws of the United States. In the Texas Convention, the question was referred to a committee of legal gentlemen of distinguished ability. After a full and critical examination, the committee made an able report through their Chairman, Judge Hemphill, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas––who is said to be one of the first jurists in the Southwest. We find the report, said to be from the pen of Judge H., in Galveston News of the 23d––and would be glad to transfer it entire to our columns––but are forced to confine our extracts to a few paragraphs, which, however, contain the cream of the learned and conclusive argument:
“Should, then, a controversy arise between the citizen of this country and a citizen of another State, who, subsequent to our incorporation into the American Union, might acquire a claim to lands within this State, either by inheritance, devise, or purchase, and should sit be prosecuted for the same in the federal courts the rights of the parties would be decided by the same laws and rules by which they would be determined in the courts of the States.
“Whether the laws, customs, and usages of Spain, the decrees of Mexico, or those of Coahuila and Texas, or the laws of the republic of Texas, or all together, affected the rights in controversy––to each and all of these laws would the courts of the Union give their just force and effect; and by no other laws or principles, deduced from other systems of jurisprudence, would questions at issue be determined.
“Neither the Constitution, treaties, nor laws of the United States, can change, alter, or modify the rights of individuals to real property, as established by the existing law of the Republic.––Both the Federal and State Courts will be restricted, in their decisions on those rights, to the provisions of the laws under which those rights originated, or by which they have been affected; and, should rights have arisen under that portion of our Constitution and laws, which, as being repugnant to the Constitution and laws of the United States, will become null and void, yet the rights thus created will remain undisturbed.
“All controversies which may arise between citizens of this State, and aliens authorized to sue, will be determined by the same rules and laws which will guide the Courts in the decision of cause between the citizens of different States.
“Your committee have confined themselves to deductions drawn entirely from the Constitution, laws, and judicial decisions of the United States. These afford the most solid grounds of assurance that the rights of individuals to property will be guarded with the most jealous vigilance, by the Courts of the United States, and determined on the same principles of law which constitute the rules of decision in the tribunals of the State.––The establishment of the Federal Courts within the limits of the State, and their cognizance of disputed claims to lands, will not injuriously affect the titles of citizens of this Republic. It will simply furnish a citizen of another State, or an alien, a selection between two forums, for the adjudication of his rights; both of which Courts will be controlled by the laws of the State upon which those rights are founded, or by which they are controlled.
“The beneficent operation of the judicial power of the Union, in this class of cases, is the best proof of the enlightened wisdom of the framers of constitution, in clothing the federal courts with this high jurisdiction. The right to select a tribunal altogether independent of any of the States, for the settlement of controversies between the citizens of different States, and between the citizens and aliens, tend greatly to increase the harmony and confidence between the States themselves, and preserve peace, and public and private credit in our intercourse with foreign nations. It prevents all irritations and jealousies which might otherwise spring up between the different States, if the controversies between their citizens were, of necessity, subjected to the arbitrament of the tribunals of either. In the exercise of this jurisdiction, justice has been impartially and wisely distributed; while the laws of the States, not inconsistent with the constitution of the United States, have been observed, sustained, and enforced.
“JOHN HEMPHILL, Chairman.”
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RE43n36p2c1, September 9, 1845: THE TEXAS QUESTION IN EUROPE
From the foreign news by the Caledonia, we gather the opinion that the Governments of both France and England, thwarted in their arrogant attempt to control the free action of the United States by the famous “balance of power,” and defeat the annexation of Texas, seem now disposed to let American and Texas settle the Texas question in their own way. Unless, therefore, there may be some deep game of diplomacy on foot, we are inclined to believe that Mexico will not receives any direct aid or countenance from these European powers in her proposed struggle for the re-possession of Texas. And here we would quote a very amusing passage from the London Times:
“The mediation of these powers between the rapacity of the United States and the debility of Mexico was ineffectual, from the moment the leaning of Texas herself was peremptorily declared. But that mediation was the only dignified and consistent course which could be pursued by the great European powers. The fact that it was jointly tendered sufficiently demonstrated that neither France nor England had in view any exclusive interest of their own upon that part of the continent of North America.”
This is too absurd to gull even the most credulous. No one can doubt, that it was the policy of these two powers, by the defeat of annexation, to obtain the perfect control of Texas, and to deal a heavy blow at our agriculture and manufactures, by admitting from Texas her cotton and sugar at a low duty, on condition that the latter should receive the cotton and other manufactures of England and the silks and wines of France, also at a low duty. All interest, then, should rejoice that this mischievous policy has been so gloriously defeated by the wisdom and promptness of our Government.
In some of the tory journals of England we find venomous and absurd attacks upon this country for having carried annexation, and sill predictions of dissolution of the Union, as its immediate consequence. Their ignorance of the first principles of our Government has blinded their vision, or they would acknowledge that the movement of annexation will have an incalculable influence, in the riveting still more firmly the hands of the union.
For the amusement of our readers, we give the substance of some of these editorial ravings.––The London Times says:
“The world views the annexation of Texas, if the whole history of the transaction, from the first to last, be dispassionately surveyed, as one of those basest frauds and most unwarrantable acts of spoliation ever perpetrated by any nation. In the present state of public opinion in Europe, such an aggression on the territories of a weak state by a powerful neighbor would be impracticable. It can only be compared to the policy of Russia towards the Turkish empire––a policy which Russia herself is not bold or bad enough to avow, and which she has allowed the other powers of Europe to arrest by their interference and co-operation in the affairs of the East. As far as public opinion in Europe in concerned, annexation has done for the political character of the Cabinet of Washington what repudiation had already done for the financial credit of the United States; infamy of repudiation rests upon some of the States only, and that of annexation is the result of deliberate and determined policy of the American people and their rulers.”
The following extract from the Times exhibits the disgraceful fact, that our foreign enemies base their assault against our honor and virtue upon the arguments of our own citizens––upon the rabid and unpatriotic sentiments of Abolitionist and Dissolutionist of New England. What will be said, which this foreign embodiment of hostility to the progress of American institutions, thus lands the leaders of the Whig Party, and grossly assails Messrs, Calhoun and Polk and the Democratic Party?
“Not for Texas alone, but for the principles which she has basely violated, and indignant protest is sent forth by Europe, and we only re-echo the stern rebuke of the wisest and best of her own citizens, if, indeed, me are still willing to be called American citizens, when they must in that capacity sustain the burden of a transaction which the have themselves denounced as shameful and fatal to the true principles of their country. What says New England to those things? What is thought of them in the cultivated and intellectual society of Boston, which lately possessed in Channing and eloquent defender of Christian morality, and still boasts in Story an unrivalled expositor of law and justices? The pride of the American people used to consist in the traditions bequeathed to them by the purity of Washington and the integrity of his illustrious companions; it is now stimulated by the artifices of Mr. Calhoun, and the aggressions of Mr. Polk. They used to boast of a superiority of Europe in their exemption from those political errors and crimes which have so often deluged the ancient world with blood; but whilst civilization among us daily consolidates the general peace by a firm observance of public duties and international rights, the American continent seems destined to witness the fatal consequences of an eruption of those passions and follies which a wise Government and a virtuous people do most studiously repress.––Henceforward, the passion which has been roused, principally for the purposes of an unprincipled party, must at all hazards be satisfied. Me like Mr. Calhoun or Mr. Polk, who subsist by stimulating and serving that passion, are the successful rivals of men like Mr. Webster or Mr. Clay, who aspire to the nobler task of controlling it. The same spirit is no altogether wanting in other free countries; in England it has one representative, in France it has many: but these are men thrown into opposition by the loss of the confidence of their Sovereigns and their country men, whilst the Government steadily pursues an opposite course. In the United States, on the contrary, the ascendancy of the restless, unscrupulous party of the Democracy is complete, and with such men in power, directing the passions of the people to aggression of foreign States, no limits can be assigned to the wanton excesses which may be anticipated from such a Government. It is vain to conceal, it is impossibly to overlook the fact, that the possessions of the crown of England, and the relations of this country with the United States; are constantly and especially menaced by this detestable party.”
This is beautiful language for a country whose enormities and oppressions in all Asia have aroused the indignation of the whole world! Indeed, taking into view the course of Russia towards Poland Circassia, and of France in Algeria, Europe has completely estopped herself from saying a word as to assumed aggressions of the rest of the world.
The Liverpool Mail says: “It becomes a question whether, if Mexico is unable to cope with the grasping ambition and military strange of the American Union, it will not be the duty of the powers of the old world to come forward to her assistance.”
It is not almost incredible that, in this age of American progress and intelligence, and respectable journal would have ventured to send forth such miserable stuff as the following which we find in the same London Standard?
“It were invidious to compare the intelligence, the honor and honesty of the present United States generation with those of its British, German or French contemporaries. Nothing can be more certain that the extraordinary morel advancement of the population of the Old World during the last 5o or 60 years. Has there not been a corresponding retrogradation in the U. States? Now, should this be the case, as we acknowledge, with pain that it is, the interest of mankind will suffer nothing by the dissolution of a system so little favorable to the moral clevation of our race; and, therefore we can contemplate with indifference at least, that breaking up of the commonwealth of which the annexation of Texas and the Mexican war are so obviously commencement.”
This paper then counts confidently upon the refusal of the Northern and Eastern States to submit to taxation to support a “long and difficult war for an object really opposed to their interests, and outraging their political and religious principles, for the war for Texas is a war against the abolition of slavery.” England and Mexico will have found out before this, that all such calculation upon our dissensions are based upon entirely false principles. Even the few domestic traitors amongst us have been put down by public opinion.
The Liverpool Mercury belabors the Ministry in the following terms: “Such a war will, of course––whether Great Britain, so shamefully fooled both by Texans and America, shall take part in it or not––lead to the immediate blockade of all the ports, and consequent annihilation of our commerce with Mexico, another boon, for which our merchants will have to thank the bungling of Sir Robert Peel’s administration. It is quite certain that, but for underhand encouragement and promises of support, Mexico would long ago have made better terms with Texas, by timely concessions, than she will now be able to procure by an appeal to arms, of which, unassisted, the most likely termination will be the loss of California as well as Texas, and still further dismemberment of the territory of the Republic.”
In the same key the London Morning Chronicle says: “Our interference for Texas in these latter days has been most unfortunate. It was plainly the duty and the policy of the British Government to interfere, if that interference had the prospect or even the chance of being effectual. But to interfere without the slightest chance of success, to force the Mexicans to bootless sacrifice, and to irritate the Americans by idle meddling, was on of those acts of absurdity which stamp a Government as Imbecile. That a British Minister should be so mistaken, so helplessly ignorant, and so utterly misinformed, as to go on moving heaven and earth to prevent a resolve by the Texas, which they, or both powers, soon after unanimously took, is, perhaps, on of the most gross samples of blunder, and ignorance, and incapacity, that even the Tory Foreign Office ever committed. Not only have we irritated the Americans, but we have destroyed the character of European ability and influence in the New World.”
The
French newspapers are pretty nearly unanimous in the opinion, that the war
with Mexico, if that war there be, will soon be terminated, the immense power
of the United States enabling them to impose silence, as soon as it pleases,
upon its diminutive and bellicose antagonist.––Even the Journal des Debals,
which, as a Government organ, views the annexation of Texas with any thing
but favor says––the only comment it makes on the matter: “In the present
condition of Mexico, no one can attach any great importance to such a declaration
of war.” The Constitutionnel thinks neither Mexico nor American
can do great harm to each other, and that the business will be settled after
Mexico shall have seized a few American vessels, and America sent a few bombs
into Vera Cruz. The Presse contemptuously designates the declaration
of war as “fanfarnade” that no one can regard seriously. The Commerce
declares, that war will be suicidal to Mexico, and condemns the partaken
by the French and English Governments in opposition to the annexation of
Texas. The National, the republican organ, contends that partaken
by the French and English Government in opposition to the annexation of Texas.
The National, ant that, therefore, the denunciations of the Mexican Government,
in its proclamations, are unfounded. While it thinks that England has
more interest in Mexico making war upon the United States that Mexico itself,
it declares that, not even with the assistance of England, can she carry
on a successful campaign. On the whole, the Texas policy of M. Guizot
is severely handled in Paris––and that Minister must now be convinced, to
his sorry, of the ridiculous blunder he has made, in the celebrated doctrine
of “a balance of power.” We rejoice, that the spirit of the French
people is with us. It should sill be more warmly encourage us to stick
to the rights, and to maintain our supremacy at all hazards.
[BRM]
RE43n36p4c3, September 9, 1845: TEXAS PUBLIC LANDS
So much stress has been laid by the Whigs upon the enormous public debt of Texas, which it is doubtful, they say, whether her lands will be able to satisfy, that we are glad to have it in our power to furnish official information on the subject. The Texas Convention, now in session, has taken up the subject, and the result seems to be of a very favorable character.
An
important document from the Land Office at Austin, has been laid before the
Convention.––From it we learn that the superficial extent of Texas, as comprised
within the limits defined by statute of the first Texas Congress, comprises
in round numbers, 397,00 square miles, or 254,284,166 acres; that the total
amount of land is issued by the various Boards of Land Commissioners, is
43,543,970 acres; that the total amount of the above, recommended as good
and lawful claims, is 19,212,206 acres; issued by the Department of War,
as bounty and donation claims, 6,300,000 acres; Land script sold by the Texas
Government, 368,787 acres; amount of legal claims to lands issued by Texas,
25,880,993 acres; amount issued, and supposed to be fraudulent, 24,331,764
acres; issued by the authorities of Mexico, a portion of which is supposed
to invalid, 22,080,000 acres; and that the total amount of public domain,
subject to location and unsurveyed, is 181,991,403 acres. The officer
of the Land Office, in communicating the above statement, says that he has
no means of knowing the whole amount of script that has been issued by the
Texas Government, but thinks the amount yet out, is about 4 of that shown
to be in his office, and that the same is the case with reference to bounty
lands.
[BRM]
RE43n37p1c4, September 12, 1845: FURTHER FROM MEXICO
The Baltimore Republican of Tuesday evening contains a letter from Pensacola of August 31st, received by the U.S. Ship Saratoga, which says:
“Congress has authorized the Executive to borrow fifteen millions of dollars, and to raise twenty five thousand troops. The policy of the Mexican government has undergone a change: The cease to speak to the United States as the party with whom the are to wage war, and have taken ground that they are arrayed only against their revolted province of Texas, which is to be subdued at once. This they have to effect by a sudden and vigorous invasion, before a sufficient force can be opposed to them. For this purpose, General Paredes has marched to Matamoras, on the Rio del Norte, with eight thousand men––The are equipping their Navy, and increasing the number of their gun-boats. Troops have been sent to Tampico in the steamer Montezuma. Mexico is convinced that England has persuaded her to take a false step, in offering to acknowledge the independence of Texas; and that no aid is to be expected from the quarter. The Saratoga exchanged salutes with Vera Cruz, and a little better feeling than could have been expected, grew our of the observance of that courtesy, though the newspapers continue to be abusive.”
The writer does not vouch for the truth of his intelligence, but only for the directness of the channel through which it comes. He is induced by many circumstances to doubt the important parts of it, such as Paredes’ army, &c.
Strange, this writer announces that Almonte is the new Secretary of War, and expects to be Secretary of State. This must be an error, as all other accounts represent Pedro Areaya as the Minister of War.
The Union of Tuesday night gives the following official papers received by the Saratoga at the Navy Department. The conduct of Mexico is covered with mystery and no one can predict what another turn of the cards may exhibit. We may expect, at the next arrival, to hear of strange events at the Mexican Capital. The exchange of civilities with out United States vessels, and the hinted disposition to resume negotiations with us, look pacific––but are neutralized by the large bodies of armed me, said to be on their march to reconquer Texas. We feel satisfied, that the new Government will see the folly of incading Texas, and, in order to concentrate all its power and attention at home, will consent to arrange all her difficulties with us upon a permanent and honorable footage. This is all our Government desires––nothing else, we are sure, will the submit to:
PENSACOLA, September 1.
The Saratoga arrived here last evening, having left Vera Cruz on the 18th ult. An opinion prevailed very generally at Vera Cruz, that Mexico would not formally declare war against the United States. We have a letter, also, which states the belief that the government would be able to realize but a very small portion of the loan, if any. The report of the advance of 25,000 men, to make a rush upon Texas, I regard as sheer fable. Gen. Herrerra has now obtained the supreme power. He will careful of placing in the hands of any man in Mexico a force sufficient to overthrow his government, by one of those sudden revolutions to which his countrymen are so much disposed.
Extract from a Letter, datedOff Green Island,
(Near Vera Cruz,) Aug. 18.
I avail myself of the sailing of the United States schooner Flirt, to inform you that the Saratoga anchored here on the 14th inst.
The mail of to-day, from the city of Mexico, brings information of the election of Gen. Herrera to the Presidency, the resignation of the old Cabinet, and the formation of a new one, consisting of Manuel Pena y Pena, (Minister for Foreign Relations,) Pedro Ayreaya, (Minister of War,) and Fernandez del Castillo, of Hacienda, (or of Finance.)
Congress has voted a loan to enable the government to prosecute the war against Texas; but at so low a rate of interest, that great, if not insuperable difficulties, will be found in effecting it.
––––––––in a communication of this day’s date, informs me that he had seen, in a letter from a source which he knew could be depended upon, that the Mexican Government will, or are, collecting a force of 25,00 men on the frontiers of Texas; and that, with no declaration of war, they mean to make a rush at a moment when the U. States are not dreaming about it; and that the time talked of is September. He remarks: “Now, this is so much in character with the Mexicans, that I believe it to be true. It is true, they will not be able to get the loan of fifteen millions, but they will get enough to get them into a war; and. Mexican-like, they don’t care how the are to get out.”
––––––––told me, a day or two since, that it had been intimated to him, that a Minister from the U. States would, no doubt, be received with pleasure by the Mexican Government.
The Saratoga exchanged salutes yesterday morning with the batteries, and she has been tendered by a captain-general with the civilities of the port.
The officers and crew of the Saratoga are in the enjoyment of good health.
––––
(COPY.)
CONSULATE OF THE UNITED STATES,
VERA CRUZ, August 16, 1845.
Sir: Considering the present state of affairs between this republic and that of our own country, I deemed it prudent to call, myself, on the captain-general, before presenting Lieutenant Hunter.
I am happy to say, that this gentleman was received with more than ordinary civility, and the tender of gun for gun offered, with repeated assurances that it would be done with no common pleasure––at the same time tendering yourself every offer of hospitality the city can afford.
The time for the salute is 8, a. m., to-morrow morning.
I have the honor to be, sir,
With great respect,
Your obedient servant,
F.M. DIMOND.
COM. T. SHUBRICK,
U.S. ship Saratoga, off Green Island.
[BRM]
RE43n37p4c3, September 12, 1845: WHAT IS MEXICO ABOUT
We have, at last, news, 12 days later, from our bellicose neighbors of Mexico. The most important item is the resignation of those fierce war-breathing Ministers, Cuevas, Conde and De la Rosa–produced, it is supposed, by the dilatoriness of Congress to accede to all the war demands of the administration. There seems to have been no action of Congress upon the fifteen million loan. The withdrawal of these Ministers, and the non-action of Congress, may certainly be regarded as pacific signs. But, on the other hand, the following bombastic and fiery address of Gen. Arista to his troops, which we find in the N.O. Courier, looks like war, though we begin to think it the safest plan to regard Mexican boasts as meaning exactly the reverse of what they say. This address we extract from the N.O. Courier:
“Comrades: The Supreme Executive has sent to me, by express, the new that the United States, in pursuance of their ambitious views, having taken possession of the Department of Texas, he had demanded a declaration of war from the Congress against that unjust nation.
“The time to fight is come. We must prepare with the ardor, inspired by duty and patriotism, when an attack is made upon the soil, the honor and pride of the nation
“I am sure, comrades, that those presumptuous Americans will be greatly disappointed when they find that our soldiers not so contemptible as they thought, and that the cannot conquer them.
“I address you under the influence of a lively enthusiasm. All fanciful doubt is vanished; the question is decided; and we are about to commence the most righteous war that we ever waged. Laurels await us! To arms! It is the only means of avenging our honor, insulted by a nation that boasts, of it liberality and civilization.
“Arms are the only arguments to use against banditti and men without good faith. Let us hope for that justice which is invoked by all society and the decision of the civilized world.
“Our lot will be envied by the rest of the army––we are nearest the theatre of war––we are the first to avenge the outrages on our country, and to ravish the usurpers the object of their rapine.
“Large bodies of troops are on their march––they will soon be here to share our dangers, and repulse the enemy.
“The veterans of the North have given proofs of their valor and constancy––they are accustomed to conquer this presumptuous race. I know your worth, and how dearly you love to serve your country. It is for this that I am pleased to command you and lead you to combat, in which you comrade and best friend will be proud to follow your example.
“MARIANO ARISTA”
The re-election of Herrera as President, is stated as only rumor current at Tampico. In regard to the Mexican troops on the Rio Grande, the New Orleans Bulletin contains the following rumors:
“Capt. Gormez reports, that it was rumored that Gen. Herrera was elected President, and that there had been seven emissaries sent from Mexico to Texas, for the purpose of the negroes of Texas in the war; that one of the emissaries had returned to Mexico, and stated that they had succeeded in their mission. It was also rumored, that 1,500 men were marching from the interior of join Gen. Paredes, who had under his command 2,000 men, making his force 3,500; that they were on their march to Monterey. Those who had faith in the truth of this rumor thought that they were to take that route to Texas, for the purpose of making an attack on Galveston. Another rumor was in circulation, that there were about 5,500 men under Gen. Arista, at or near Matamoras, who would certainly attack Gen. Taylor on the Rio Grande.”
The previous information, that the Yucatecos had peremptorily refused to comply with the requisitions of the Mexicans upon them for troops to assist in the threatened war against the United States, is fully confirmed. The Picayune says:
“The reiterated demands of Mexico upon the Yucatan, for troops, have received one uniform response–––that, if Mexico chose to engage in war with the United States, she must bear the brunt of it; that the Yucatan, as a Department, would not contribute any quota of troops; but that, if any of her citizens chose to volunteer, they were at liberty to do so.”
To judge from the delightful condition, in which the following, from Vera Cruzana, published by the Courier, represents the province of Tobasco, we should think it not probable that Mexico could get much assistance from that quarter:
“Passengers, arrived yesterday, report that the department was in a complete state of anarchy.––The commandant, Gen. Martinez, was broke and in prison. Col. Bruno held the reins of power, and, no doubt, would soon share the fate of Martinez. The insurgents knew not what to do. Many persons were leaving Tobasco, and many others had sought refuge on board a schooner bound to this port.”
On the whole, things look very peaceable for us. But there are elements of internal dissension visible in the heart of Mexico. The next news may unfold some strange events.
P.S.––The following interesting intelligence from Mexico, and our army in Texas, which we take from Monday night’s Union, goes to confirm the impression, that there will be no immediate hostilities with Mexico. The election of Herrera, as President, over the war-loving Almonte, the bitter enemy of the United States; the withdrawal, whether forced or voluntary, of the rabid Ministers, and the almost certain failure to realize the loan, are pretty strong symptoms of peace. We trust that Mexico will awake from her fit of insanity, and agree to settle all her difficulties, and renew her intercourse, with us upon liberal and honorable terms. It will be seen, that the wise and vigorous measures of our Government have probably had the effect of preventing a hostile explosion:
“LATEST FROM MEXICO.––Just as our paper was going to press, letters were put into our hands from Pensacola, of the 1st September, and containing despatches from Vera Cruz of the 18th and 21st August. We have only time this evening, to state the substance of the information they convey. An opinion very generally prevailed at Vera Cruz, according to the last accounts that Mexico would not formally declare war against the United States, and that the Government would be able to realize but a very small proportion of the loan, if any, which had been authorized––so low was the rate of interest. It was said, that in lieu of a declaration, Mexico would carry on hostilities vigorously against Texas; and they talked of making a rush upon her with 25,000 men; but this was generally considered as sheer fable.
“The mail of the 18th had brought news from the city of Mexico of the election of General Herrera to the Presidency, and the formation of a new cabinet, consisting of Manuel Pena y Pena, Minister of Foreign Relations, Pedro Areaya, Minister of War, and Fernandez del Castillo, Minister of the Treasury.
“On the 16th August, Capt. Shubrick, commander of the United States ship Saratoga, exchanged salutes with the batteries of Vera Cruz.”
FROM THE ARMY OF OBSERVATION.
[OFFICIAL]
“Despatches from General Taylor, as late as the 26th of August, have reaced the War Department by express. The troops ordered to Texas, to compost the ‘army of occupation,’ are rapidly arriving, together with an ample supply of munitions of war. Colonel Twigg’s regiment of dragoons were at San Patricio on the 24th, in excellent condition, having well sustained their long march, and finding, through the whole route, a plentiful supply of water, provisions, and forage. The horses are in a fine condition, and fit for immediate active service, should there be occasion to put them to it. This regiment was expected to be at Corpus Christi on the 27th of August. General Taylor has, at no time since his arrival at Aransas bay, felt any solicitude for the safety of his command, or the necessity of calling for auxiliary force, even from Texas. The two gallant companies of artillery, which, with such promptness and patriotic spirit, volunteered to go to Texas from New Orleans, under the belief that their country stood in need of their services, have arrived at General Taylor’s camp. As there has not been, and probably will not be, any emergency requiring them, they will not, probably, be long detained from their homes. It is the general’s intention to discharge them as soon as a few more regular artillery, no on the way to Texas, shall have arrived––unless things on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande shall assume a more threatening aspect.
“The most reliable accounts represent that there were, near the middle of August, only about five hundred regular Mexican troops at Matamoras, and that Genral Arista was to leave Monterey on the 4th of that month for the former place, a distance of three hundred miles, with fifteen hundred more troops, five hundred of them cavalry; but there was no news of his arrival at Matamoras. It is not known, or believed, that there are regular Mexican troops at any other point on the Rio Grande. It was probably the original intention to employ these troops in carrying out the threat of Mexico to take possession of Texas; but the presence of the United States army, and the preparations in Texas to meet and repel their advance, have caused this design to be abandoned for the present, at least. The regular troops of the United States now in Texas, and those on the way there, are deemed sufficient to keep in check the Mexican forces assembled, or likely to be assembled, on the Rio Grande. General Taylor’s attention has not been exclusively confined to the Mexicans. He has had an eye to the Cumanches, and taken measures to guard the country of their incursions.
“ The
accounts of the climate at Corpus Christi are very favorable. Generally
speaking, the troops are in fine health––better, it is supposed, that they
would have been at the posts from which most of them were removed.”
[BRM]
RE43n37p4c6, September 12, 1845: THE ARMY-PROMPT MOVEMENT
Observing several commendatory notices in the papers, of the promptness with which the Lexington was made ready for sea, after receiving orders from the Navy Department, it may not be improper to say that equal praise is due to the officers of the army, for promptly executing their orders to assemble and prepare for embarkation the troops sent out in the Lexington to Texas, which sailed on the 2d inst.
Orders
were despatched from the War Department on the afternoon of the 23d of August,
for the concentration of seven companies of artillery at Fort Columbus, New
York harbor, thence to embarked in the United States ship Lexington,
for the army in Texas. Five of the companies were drawn from Frankford
Arsenal, Pennsylvania; Boston; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; and Portland,
Maine. The detachment from the most distant station (Portland) reached
New York the morning of the 30th, when the whole command
of 408 officers and men, under Major J. Erving, 2d regiment of artillery,
with all their supplies and equipments for service, were in perfect readiness
to embark. The promptitude with which the orders of the War Department
were executed is highly creditable to the service. [Union
[BRM.]
RE43n38p2c2, September 16, 1845: MEXICO
The very late and interesting news from this country, of bombast and mock valor, will repay a perusal. All of the threats and violent ranting of her Ministers and Generals, seem literally to be–––
“Sound and fury, signifying nothing.”
From a comparison of the intelligence received from Texas and Mexico, it may be failry predicted that no war will take place. Our gallant army in Texas is in a fine condition––and the Mexican horizon has been almost purified of the dark clouds which threatened us with an explosion.
The Administration deserve much credit, and the hands of the people, for this satisfactory state of affairs. To the wisdom and efficiency of the measures they have adopted, to guard against every contingency, must mainly be attributed the “better part of valor,” the discretion of Mexico. This view is forcibly presented by “Pike,” Pike in the Union, whose papers show him to be a statesman and a scholar. He ably reviews the extraordinary and arrogant position of M. Guizot, the Minister of France, as to the famous “balance of power” on this continent. He shows, from the late work of M. de Mofras, published under the auspices the conversion of Mexico into a Monarchy, to be wielded by a Catholic Prince, that Louis Philippe has an eye to the extension of French power in America, by placing on of his own sons on the new throne––and he solemnly and eloquently appeals to the President to follow the example of Mr. Monroe, and take strong ground against foreign interference with affairs of this continent. The concluding passage speaks nothing but the truth, and re-echoes, we doubt not, the sentiments of the nation:
“As
the reflections I have been obtruding upon you, Mr. Editor, have a close
connection with our acquisition of Texas, I cannot conclude without congratulating
you upon the seemingly auspicious state of that question at present.
Up to the moment when I am writing, everything would seem to promise a peaceful
result. At this I greatly rejoice. We shall owe it to the forecast
and energy of the administration, in concentrating sufficient land and naval
strength at all proper points, to deter Mexico from string a rash blow at
Texas, now that it is ours by the highest and best of human titles; the voluntary
consent (for I take leave to repeat it from my first communication) of
two independent countries deliberately and solemnly expressed.
It, happily, the result be peaceful, President Polk will not stand on a lofty
eminence when meeting Congress in December. He will have laid a good
basis for future fame, on the very threshold of his administration, whatever
present party spirit may say. To have overawed Mexico by present wisdom,
is better than to have gained twenty battles. On the other hand, had our
forces, through any accidents, been at all discomfited by Mexico at the onset––and
let us not be lulled by an over-confidence even yet–––the calamity would
have been, that the feelings of national pride in the bosoms of Americans
would have been so lacerated, that nothing could have removed the main but
an amount of retribution, that might have bordered upon undue vengeance––to
have been more deplored than easily prevented."
[BRM]
RE43n38p2c3, September 16, 1845: OFFICIAL-INTERSTING
Information from General Taylor’s headquarters in Corpus Christi, has been received as late as to the 30th of August. Since his last despatch, 7 companies of the 7th regiment of infantry have arrived at his camp. The General speaks in commendatory terms of the battalion of artillery from New Orleans, under the command of Major Gally.
The gallant Texans are determined to do their duty in defence of their State. President Jones has notified Gen. Taylor that he has taken preparatory steps to organize one thousand men for service if necessary.
General
Taylor has communicated to General Gaines his wish not to have any more militia
force sent from New Orleans to him, not apprehending that there will be any
occasion for their services. He states that there is no new from the
Rio Grande. Some idle rumors are occasionally brought in from that
quarter, but the accurate information he possesses so entirely discredits
them, that he does not think them even entitled to repetition.––[Union.
[BRM]
RE43n38p2c4, September 16, 1845: VERY LATE FROM MEXICO
[From the N. Orleans Topic, Sept. 8.]
VERY LATE FROM MEXICO
Vera Cruz dates to the 3oth ult.–––City of Mexico to the 26th ult.
NO WAR––NONE PROBABLE
Yesterday morning, we issued the following Extra:
SUNDAY MORNING, 11 O’CLOCK.}
Sept. 7, 1845.}
At about 9 o’clock this morning, the Mexican schooner Geraldo, Captain Herrera, arrived here from Vera Cruz, which place she left on the 30th ult. She brings Alexander Holmstrom, Esq., bearer of despatches to this Government, and to Com. Conner, commanding U. States squadron, now at Pensacola.
By this arrival, we have dates from the city of Mexico to the 27th ult. The papers contain nothing important, except that all was perfectly quiet. The war fever, both at Vera Cruz and Mexico, had subsided. It is now certain there will be no declaration of war.
We are indebted to Mr. Holmstrom for the following items of intelligence: It was reported at Vera Cruz, that the French Minister had demanded his passports in consequence of old difficulties.
Business was exceedingly dull at Vera Cruz. There had been no arrival except the regular British Mail packets for fifteen days.
Only a few Americans were there, and they were satisfied that war had ceased to be among the probabilities.
The regular New York Packet, Petersburg, was the only vessel in port. She was advertised for the 5th, but would not probable leave before the 12th or 14th.
The Castle was nearly in complete repair, and the fortifications had been enlarged. Vera Cruz was healthy. The Vomito has disappeared.
We have looked over El Siglo from the 19th to the 26th, inclusive. Texas matters are not discussed; in fact, scarcely mentioned. This is pretty conclusive evidence that the Mexicans are in no way prepared, even if disposed, to commence hostilities. Don Julian Gonzalez Guiterrez has been appointed Spanish Vice Consul for the city of Merida, and Don Joaquim Moralez for the port of Sisal, both in the Department of Yucatan. Spanish Vice Consuls had also been appointed in the Departments of Aguas Calientes, Sonora and Chihuahua.
Don Valentin Rios, commanding the companies of the First Brigade, had written a communication to the Minister of War, in which he states that the different officers under his command were ready to defend their country against the perfidious aggressions of the United States, and to chastise the ingratitude of the Texans.
Don Luis Perrez and Don Jose Maria Otahegui, commissioners from General Parades, had arrived in the city of Mexico, and it was presumed they had come to treat on the late events which had occurred at San Luis Potosi.
An election was held for President and Vice President of the Senate, when el Sr. Pizarro was elected to the first, and el Sr. Ramirez to the second.
Efforts were being made to organize a militia, but they were merely abortive. In the city of Mexico, which contains 200,000 inhabitants only eleven recruits were found enlisted.
Gen. Filisola, full of indignation, had thrown up the command of the division, which had caused the scandalous proceedings in San Luis Potosi, and had determined to return to the city of Mexico. It was stated, that the leaders of this act of insubordination had sent a record of their proceedings to Government, and measures were being taken to inflict the necessary penalties. Santiago Vasquer, who left Durango on the 28th July, for Chihuahua, carrying with him all the correspondence from the city of Mexico and the interior, was assassinated on the road on the 21st. The Collector of Cerro gordo went in search of him, and after two days of diligent search, only found his corpse in the middle of the road.
A decree fro the regulation of the departmental treasury has been published––the office is to pass from the Government to the Department, and the post of Collector of all departmental incomes it to be given by the Assembly, which, it is stated; reserves the situation for one of their own body.
The Department of Zacatecas appears to be in a great state of excitement, in consequence of the annexation of Texas. She offers her resources in order to carry on the war, and the inhabitants appeared desirous to march to the conquest of that territory.
The Ministry is composed of the following persons: Don Manuel de la Pena y Pena, Department of State; Don Jose Bernard Couto, Justice of the Ecclesiastical Affairs, Don Pedro F. del Castillo, Treasury Department; and General Pedro Mario Anaya, Minister of War and Marine.
The Manilon of the evening of the 22d ultimo, states, that General Bustamente had been named as Commander-in-chief of the army to [illegible] against Texas.
New reached the city of Mexico on the 23d ult., from Matamoros, that 3,000 Texans and Anglo Americans were encamped at Corps Christi, forty leagues from Matamoros. Our readers are aware that our troops now at that port, do not number quite 2,000 men.
There is an article in the “Siglo Diez y Nueve” of the 26th ult, which bears heavily on the difficulties to be undergone by the Mexicans in the campaign against Texas. It asserts that luring the eight years they have been making war against Texas, they have never made a single step which could enable them to conquer that territory, and not even to prevent it s extending and increase and power. The previous funds intended for the campaign, which would have been sufficient to have carried it on, were wasted in another way so that troops on the Matamoros have been obliged to become mechanics in order to gain a livelihood. There was no money to pay the army. The imposition of any new contribution will meet with powerful resistance. The Mexicans have acted like a prodigal and ill-advised heir, they have lost their credit, and wasted their wealth, and they have consequently arrived at that state of poverty which is almost incurable. The article in question states that it will be difficult to carry on a war with Texas; that the insubordinate movement in San Luis Potosi, shows the disorganize state of the country, and that the United States will laugh and gain confidence from the fact that Mexico is in a disturbed state. From the general tone of the Mexican papers, and form the almost utter impossibility for Mexico to organize an army, we are under the impression that there is little or no probability of any hostile proceedings on the part of that power.
FROM TAMPICO.
The Mexican schr. Yucateco, Captain Pras, arrived here on Saturday from Tampico, which place she left on the 30th ult. We received to papers by her. The Picayune of yesterday publishes news from that place to the 27th, and from the city of Mexico to the 19th, not so late as furnished since Geraldo. The Picayune say: “El Gejen, a Tampico paper, states that it is reported that the disaffected portion of the army has incorporated itself with the forces under Gen. Paredes; that the latter refuses to obey the Government; that the third division of the army, which is under his command, is disposed for a pronun ciamento, and it is even whispered, that the object of it will be to proclaim a Consul. El Gejen, is more than half inclined to believe all this.
We take the following items from the Picayune.
The House of Lizardi & Co. is again bitterly censured for its mismanagement of Mexican finances, but the controversy on this subject has been carried on in London, and is not, of course new here.
Gen. Paredes has become involved in a violent newspaper controversy with Sr. Boves, a Deputy who so discomfited the late Ministry.––The President has expressed to the General his enduring confidence in his fidelity and patriotism.
General Arista, too, is quarrelling through the papers with General Wull––defending himself and accusing Woll of insubordination, &c. We note the affair only to show how the military leaders of Mexico are divided amongst themselves.
On the 23d ult., the Mexican steamer Guadaloupe was expected at Tampico, with from 800 to 1,000 tents for the troops of the Army of the North.
There were no American vessels at Tampico when the Yucateco sailed, nor does the captain bring any important verbal news. Rumors, however, abound, for which we have not room.
Advices to the 11th August have been received at Mexico from Guatemala. An effor is making to re-establish the bonds of confederation between the States of San Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. For this purpose, the two former States have appointed Commisioners to meet at Zonzonate, to deliberate upon conditions. Guatemala has also named a Commissioner to ratify a treaty of peace with Honduras, and another of commerce with San Salvador.
The Constituent Congress of Guatemala has also passed two decrees, one introducing some very strict measures of economy, and regulating the order in which the public creditors shall be paid; the other, providing that the products of Mexico introduced into that State should pay the same duties as if the proceeded from another foreign country.
[From the N.O. Bulletin, Sept. 8.]
From the contents of the papers, we learn no declaration of war has yet appeared, or is at all likely to appear––that the whole country is in a dreadful state of insubordination, and crimes are committed daily which pass unpunished––The military forces under orders for the frontier of Texas, and commanded by Paredes, had refused to march beyond San Luis Potosi, without being paid their arrearages, three months’ pay in advance, and being supplied with ever necessary for the campaign. Paredes, it is stated, has reduced this military mutiny to something like order, but it is strongly suspected that he had done so for personal motives and by personal influence. He lately applied to the Government for the permission to come to Mexico, for the purposes of explaining his proposed plan for the campaign, but it was refused, it is thought, from fear that his presence might create a counter revolution in the capital. Such an event is openly reported in Tampico as about to take place at San Luis Potosi––where he is in sole command of the troops––Gen. Flisola having thrown up his command in disgust, after being informed of the mutiny. General Bustamente, it is believed will be sent as commander-in-chief by the Government.
The
French Minister, not having been satisfied with the course taken by the Government
regarding the insult offered him at the Baths, has demanded his passports,
which adds another embarrassment to many which the Executive has now to encounter.
[BRM]
RE43n39p4c5, September 19, 1845: LATER FROM TEXAS
“The brig Maria Spears, Felte master arrived yesterday from Galveston,
whence she sailed on the 3d instant. We received no papers by her, but
learn verbally that the Convention had not adjourned on the 1st
inst.” [N.O. Picayune, Sept 9.
[BRM]
RE43n40p4c3, September 23, 1845: THE TRUE AND ONLY COURSE
Whatever the National Intelligencer and other Whig prints may say, in order to embarrass the Administration and invalidate our rights, we are proud to see the Norfolk Herald, Whig, take the side of its country, in the following manly emphatic language. The Rio Grande is the true boundary, and the country will sustain the Administration on this clear point––based upon every principle of justice and honor:
“WHENCE OUR RIGHT.
“In a series of resolutions passed at a meeting held in the town of Nantucket, (Massachusetts.) were the following, which we found our right to annex to our Union the Territory of Texas, from the Sabine to the del Norte, without violating any legal or equitab’e claim of Mexico.
“Resolved, That the recent annexation of Texas to these States is nothing more than the resumption of our own territory acquired in the purchase of Louisiana––a purchase, which gave to the United State the territory bounded on the South-west by the Rio del Norte––a boundary proved by John Quincy Adams, and claimed by Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and even by Mr. Clay; the latter having declared, in 1820, that our title as far as the Rio del Norte was well founded, as it was to the Island of New Orleans; and having in 1844 asserted, in a letter to the citizens of Raleigh, that by the purchase of Louisiana acquired a title to the country, bounded on the South west by the above mentioned river.
That even if this claim of right territory be waived, this country had an unquestionable right to make a Treaty with Texas for her annexation––as she had been acknowledged an independent nation by the powers of Europe, as well as ourselves, and had been, in fact, independent since the battle of San Jacinto, in 1837.
“That
Mexico having, therefore, no just cause of complaint against the action of
our own country in regard to Texas, it is our duty not only as lover of right,
but as Americans, to sustain the course of our Government; even to the last
extremity.
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RE43n41p2c1, September 26, 1845: AS WE EXPECTED!
Whatever Mr. Polk may do some of the Whigs will attempt to make political cut of it. Their only hope is in our dissensions––and all their energies are bent to the great game of “divide and conquer.” The appointment of Mr. Woodbury to the important post of a seat on the Supreme Court Bench is an undeniable instant of what we assert. Whether appointed or thrust aside, we felt assured that the Whigs would seize upon the occasion to blow up a flame of discord between the members of the Democratic party. Had Mr. W., who had been for some time named as a prominent candidate for the his office, been set aside by the President, the whole Whig welkin would have rung with the charge that the President had shown an utter want of respect for the “Calhoun wing” and the cause of Free Trade, by rejecting the claims of Mr. Woodbury, an able champion of a Revenue Tariff. But this pretext for attacking the administration and its Republican policy, was struck from under the Whig managers by the appointment of Mr. Woodbury. Look at the reverse of the picture––look at the attitude of some of the Whig politicians in the present state of the case. Mr. Woodbury has been appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court, to the satisfaction of nearly the whole country. Do all of the Whigs render justice to his motives? Far from it––The Washington correspondent of the Baltimore Patriot, foiled by the appointment of Mr. W., takes the other tack and appeals to the Southern friends, of a revenue Tariff, to look upon this appointment as a signal of the President’s treachery to the South on this question! Hear what the correspondent says.––Speaking of the ‘coalition’ (which no true Republican believes,) between Mr. Benton and the Administration to “put down Mr. Calhoun and his friends,” the writer says: “One of the best means to aid him (Mr. Benton) in defeating the Free Traders on the Tariff question, is the transfer of Levi Woodbury from the Senate to the Supreme Court. The batteries of one of Mr. Calhoun’s ablest allies are thus [illegible] muzzled! How the organ will profess to regret Mr. Woodbury’s withdrawal from the Senate!”
And it is by such stuff as this, that this Wing scribbler vainly hopes to excite the distrust of Mr. Calhoun’s friends, and alienate them from the support of an Administration which is honestly and zealously devoted to the Republican cause, and resolved to carry out the principles avowed by the Democratic party at Baltimore.––The humbug is too transparent to deceive a single Republican. The trick is too bungling to cause any other feeling but ridicule in the mind of every friend of the Republican cause. Much as we regret [illegible] the valuable services and distinguished ability of Mr. Woodbury form the Senate of the United States at this trying moment, we are proud to know that he has been transferred to a theatre, where his fidelity to the Constitution will prove beneficial to the country––and, though New Hampshire may not be able to furnish a son as well known and able as her favorite champion, yet she has still within her borders many true soldiers in the Republican cause, able and willing to represent her sovereignty, and give voice to her long cherished love for a strict construction, and for the rights of the States. More over, if we are to believe current reports, the great statesman of the South––a host in himself––will probably, at a great sacrifice, take his seat in the Senate, and throw all his power and eloquence into the contest for equal laws and equal rights.
It is not evident, that whether Mr. Woodbury had been appointed or laid aside, the same attack upon the administration would have proceeded from some of the Whig press the same insidious design set on foot excite jealousy and distrust in the Republican party? But we are confident, that the wretchedly botched-up scheme will fall still-born to the ground.
At all events, let the President continue to do his duty, irrespective of threats or flattery. Let him plant himself firmly on the principles which brought him into power, and, acting with a sole regard to a solemn requirements of the Constitution, and to honor and welfare of the country, feel the proud reflection, on laying down the reins of office on the 3d March, 1849, that he had been true to the Constitution and to himself. Let him but pursue the outline sketched by the following article to the Union, as we doubt not he will honestly do, and the whole country will applaud the purity of the man, and the fidelity, statesmanship, and elevated bearing of the officer.
“PROMPT ACTION.”
“Under this caption the ‘Hartford Times’ does justice to the administration to the following sketch which it portrays of their recent movements in regard to Mexico, and it might equally have embraced its measures respecting Texas. We have no doubt that the same energy, with equal circumspection, will be extended to the other great measures of the administration. In the reduction of the Tariff, the same decision will be displayed––the same, indeed, in carrying out all the resolutions of the Baltimore Convention, under whose principles of Mr. Polk was elected––by whose pledges he is bound. The President has hitherto been bold, decided, yet prudent in his course.––The spirit of ‘Young Hickory’ will continue to animate him. There is no quality so necessary in an Executive Officer as firmness. First discover what is right, then adhere to it. Let him take his course with wisdom, then promote it with firmness. ‘Be strong, and you will be strong,’ is one of the great secrets of success. By firmness, without passion, a President confirms his friends. He rallies them all directly around him. He determines the doubting me to come to his assistance. He, moreover, impresses his opponents with a certain degree of respect for shi own decision, which insensibly softens and effects their own conduct towards him.”
[From the Hartford Times]
“There is nothing that the American people, more heartily approve of than prompt and energetic action on the part of those who administer the Government upon matters of public interest. They want no wavering. It was the bold, open honest, energetic course of Gen. Jackson’s administration, that tended to give him such unbounded popularity as he possessed. The people admired his prompt action; they loved his honesty of heart; and their meed of praise, their approbation, and their support will always be given to those who act with equal energy in the administration of public affairs, and with equal honesty of purpose.
“In
the management of our affairs with Mexico, connected with the Texas question,
President Polk’s administration has acted with a promptness and energy worth
of Andrew Jackson himself. The rapid movements of the army and navy––the
quick preparation––the decided stand taken––the efficient course marked out,
so far as we know that course––all reflect high credit upon the President
and his cabinet. There has been no weak, inefficient, child’s play
about this matter, but a spirit and an energy have been evinced, calculated
to prevent aggression on the part of Mexico, where threats alone will e put
forth, when they see what the consequences of more rash steps would lead
them to. In the prompt action of the administration, a desire to promote
American interest and honor has been evinced, and American freemen will sustain
it."
[BRM]
RE43n41p2c2, September 26, 1845: OREGON-BRITISH FLEET
The New York Commercial Advertiser says, the British fleet seen by the ship London, Ross, from Liverpool on the 12th ult., in latitude 45 degrees, 56 minutes, longitude 15 degrees, 20 minutes, was the experimental squadron which left Spithead a short time previously, to try the sailing qualities of the different ships composing the squadron––the Bay of Biscay being the most proper place for that purpose.
Upon which, the New York True Sun remarks: “The fleet, in question, was undoubtedly that referred to by the Commercial Advertiser.––Of the character and purpose of this fleet, we have received some information, since our notice of it, above quoted. It consists of two 104 gun ships, four frigates, and three steamships.––Under the guise of an experimental squadron, it is, in fact, a squadron of observation; sailing with sealed orders, and having a full regiment for Oregon, should their landing be deemed advisable; and, also, a governor for the territory, should circumstances warrant his assuming that position to carry out the instructions under which he has been sent.
“Such,
we learn through a gentleman directly from England, and who was at Spithead
at the time of the sailing of the squadron, was well understood among the
officers of the squadron to be the object of the mission on which they were
about starting.”
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RE43n41p4c2, September 26, 1845: CLAIMS UPON MEXICO
Many of the Whig papers, in their anxious desire and determination to pull down the administration, per fas cut nefas, have actually crossed the line, and are now fighting on paper the battles of Mexico, They contend, that the United States have heaped insult and injury upon the head of unoffending Mexico––that all the provocation has come from our side––that we have been guilty of treachery, wanton injustice, robbery and plunder. They deny that we have the least cause to complain of the conduct of Mexico.––Now, all this may be sheer ignorance, or political chicanery. If the former, we would recommend to their perusal a series of Nos. by Richard S. Coxe. As a specimen of the style, and to show the character of the publication, we extract a few passages. The facts stated are drawn form official sources, and exhibit, on the part of Mexico, a Punic faith and disregard of national obligations and honor, worthy only of the darkest ages of barbarism. They announce to the world the lenity and forbearance which our own Government has exhibited towards her weak but treacherous neighbor, and point out, in out, in strong and conclusive language, the propriety and necessity of prompt and vigorous steps, to unravel they tangled skein of our difficulties with Mexico, rather, to cut the Gordian knot, and secure the claims of our injured citizens, and establish permanently the peace and honor of the nation:
“The causes of complaint have been a long standing, and of an irritating nature. The amicable feelings which once bound the two nations together, have been obliterated. Mutual estrangement has succeeded, and terms of recrimination have been succeeded, and terms of recrimination have been exchanged, rousing on either side the angry passions of the respective parties. It is not possible much longer to postpone the adjustment of these controversies. They must be terminated through the instrumentally of a war, or by amicable arrangement. The number and character of reclamations of the United States, for the remuneration for alleged infractions of their rights of person and property, cannot be estimated at a smaller amount than ten millions of dollars. The character of the outrages in which these claims originated, have imposed upon the Government the imperative obligation to demand, and, if necessary, to enforce, their liquidation. Every day swells the amount of compensation to which the parties are entitled, and increases the incapacity of Mexico to provide for their payment. They must either be adjusted and paid, or tamely relinquished. The latter alternative involving a renunciation of every national pledges, cannot, for a moment, be anticipated. It may be assumed as a positive certainty, that the payment must be voluntary made, or enforced by all the power of the nation. It is unnecessary to say that voluntary payment by Mexico, in any form, or to any extent, is utterly hopeless.
“If
these papers––which, so far as regards the form which they assume, have been
written ‘currente calame’ amid other engrossing occupations––shall
be instrumental in vindicating, in the eyes of our own citizens, our common
country from the aspersions so falsely or ignorantly cast upon it, as instigated
by a reckless spirit of aggrandizement to perpetrate injustice upon a neighboring
community––of urging demands upon it, which have no foundation in justice––of
asserting claims which have ne substantial existence; if they, shall have
exhibited in their true colors and just proportions the character of Mexico,
and the imperative obligations which rest upon this government to persist
in every claim which we have asserted, until Mexico shall either voluntarily
engage, or by the application of the whole power of the nation, he compelled
to atone for multiplied wrongs she has inflicted, to compensate for the grievous
injustices which one citizens have suffered at her hands, to atone for their
insults she has offered to our flag and to our government, the object sought
to be attained will have been fully accomplished. The honor of the
country, the outraged rights of our people, demand imperatively that these
results shall be attained; and the government will be recreant to its own
duty and its own character, if it shall fail to obtain them all.”
[BRM]
RE43n42p1c6, September 30, 1845: THE CONSTITUTION OF TEXAS
We have neither time nor room to make an analysis of the new Constitution, but will briefly advert to some of its peculiar provisions, at the risk of repeating ourselves. We need not say that the instrument is modeled upon the theory of most of our own State Constitutions.
Every free male person, twenty-one years of age, who shall be a citizen of the United States, or who is, at the time of the adoption of the Texan Constitution by the Congress of the United States, a citizen of the Republic of Texas, and shall have resided in the State on year next preceding an election, and the last six months within the district, county, city or town in which he offers to vote, (Indians no taxed, Africans and descendants of African expected,) is to be deemed a qualified elector.
The term of the office of members of the House is two years, and the sessions of the Legislature are biennial. To be eligible to the House, one must be a citizen of the United States, or, at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, a citizen of the Republic of Texas and an inhabitant of the State for two years next preceding his election, and the last year thereof, a citizen of the county, city or town for which he shall be chose, and have attained the age of the twenty-one years at the time of his election.
The term of the Senators is four years, and they are to be divided into two classes, so that one-half may be chosen biennially. The additional qualification for Senators is, to have been an inhabitant for three years, and to be thirty years of age.
No Minister of the Gospel or Priest is eligible to the Legislature.
The Executive is to nominate the judges of the Supreme and District Courts, and with the advice of two-third of the Senate, commission them for six years.
The Attorney General is appointed in the same manner, and holds his commission for two years.
The Governor is to hold his office for two years, and shall not be eligible for more than four years in any term of six years. His other qualifications are like a Senator’s. The salary of the first Governor is to be $2,000, and no more He can hold no other office or commission, civil or military.
No Minister of the Gospel is required to perform military duty, work on roads, or serve on juries.
The oath of office is so formed, that in addition to the usual provisions, one must swear, that, since the adoption of the Constitution, he has not fought a duel within or without the State; nor sent or accepted a challenge; nor any way aided or assisted any person thus fending.
And all who shall offend, (by fighting a duel, accepting a challenge, &c.) after the adoption of the Constitution, shall be deprived of holding any office of trust or profit.
In all elections by the people, the vote is to be by ballot, till the Legislature otherwise directs; in elections by the Senate of House, (except of their own officers,) the vote shall be viva vice.
No members of Congress, nor person holding office under the United States, or either of them, or a foreign power, is eligible to the Legislature, or can hold office under the State.
The laws are to be revised five years after the adoption of the Constitution, and published; and the same repeated every ten years thereafter.
No lottery can be authorized by the State, and the buying and selling of all tickets is prohibited.
No divorce can be granted by the Legislature. All property, both real and personal, of wife owned or claimed by her before marriage, and that acquired afterwards by gift, devise or descent, shall be her separate property; and laws shall be passed more clearly defining the rights of the wife, in relation as well to her separate property, as that held in common with her husband. Laws shall also be passed, providing for the registration of the wife’s separate property.
All claims, locations, surveys, grants, and titles to land, which are declared null and void by the Constitution of the Republic of Texas, are, and the same shall remain forever null and void.
No corporate body shall be created, renewed or extended, with banking or discounting privileges.
No private corporation shall be created, unless the bill creating it shall be passed by two-thirds of both houses of the Legislature; and two-thirds of the Legislature shall have the power to revoke and repeal all private corporations, by making compensation for the franchise. And the State shall not be part owner of the stock or property belonging to any corporation.
The Legislation shall prohibit by law individuals from issuing bills; checks, promissory notes, or other paper to circulate as money.
Most ample provisions are made for education, but we have not room to enter further upon the Constitution to-day.
The vote upon the adoption of the Constitution is to be viva voce. Should it appear from the returns to have been adopted, the President, on or before the second Monday in November next, is to issue is proclamation, directing and requiring elections to be holden on the third Monday in December next, for the office of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the State Legislature, in accordance with the appointment of representation directed by the Constitution.
Upon receiving intelligence of the acceptance of the Constitution by the U.S. Congress, the President is to convene the State Legislature, when the votes for Governor and Lieutenant Governor, &c., are to be counted, and the persons elected at once installed.
The Legislature shall proceed as early as practicable to elect Senators to represent the State in the Senate of the United States; and also provide for the election of Representatives to the Congress of the United States.
The President of Texas, immediately after the inauguration of the Governor is to deliver to him all the records, public money, documents, archives, and public property of every description whatsoever, under the control of the Executive branch of the Government; and the Governor shall dispose of the same in such manner as the Legislature may direct.
The first general election for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and members of the Legislature, after the organization of the Government, shall take place on the first Monday in November, 1847, and shall be held biennially thereafter on the first Monday in November, until otherwise provided by the Legislature; and the Governor and Lieutenant Governor elected in December next, shall hold their offices until the installation in office of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, to be elected in the year 1847.
[From the N.O. Picayune, Sept. 20]
THE CONSTITUTION OF TEXAS
We glanced at some of the peculiarities of the new Constitution of Texas yesterday; to-day we must conclude the subject by mentioning a few other provisions. In its grand outline, as well as its details, it is too much like the Constitutions of the old States to need elucidation.
The proposed Constitution provides that the ordinance passed by the Convention on the 4th day of July last, assenting to the overtures for the Annexation of Texas to the United States, shall be attached to the Constitution, and form a part of the same. This must be continually borne in mind, as the creation of new States is therein provided for.
The city of Austin, is assigned as the seat of government until 1950, after which it is to be located by the people, by a cote to be taken in march, in a mode pointed out.
The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction only; the District Courts have jurisdiction both in law and equity; and in all cases in equity, either party may claim a trial by jury.
The pardoning power is vested in the Executive, except in cases of treason and impeachment. The governor possesses the veto power, qualified, however, as in the United States Constitution.
In no case can the Legislature authorize the issue of Treasury notes, or paper of any description, to circulate as money.
The Legislature has power to protect by law, from forced sale, a certain portion of the property of all heads of families. The homestead of a family not to exceed two hundred acres of land-(not included in a town or city,) or any town or city lot or lots, In value not to exceed 2,000dollars, shall not be subject to forced sale for any debts hereafter contracted; nor shall the owner, if a married man, be at liberty to alienate the same, unless by the consent of the wife, in such a manner as the Legislature may hereafter point out.
Taxation is to be uniform throughout the State; the Legislature may pass an income tax, and it may exempt from taxation 250 dollars worth of household furniture, or other property belonging to each family in the State.
The Legislature cannot contact debts to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $100,000, except in case of war, to repel invasions, or suppress insurrections; and, in now case, shall any amount be borrowed, except by a vote of two thirds of both Houses of the Legislature.
In conclusion, we copy entire the provisions of the proposed Constitution in regard to slaves:
SEC.1––The Legislature shall have no power to pass laws for the emancipation of slaves, without the consent of their owners, nor without paying their owners, previous to such emancipation, a full equivalent in money for the slaves so emancipated. They shall have no power to prevent emigrants to this State, from bringing with them such persons so deemed as slaves by the laws of any of the United States, so long as any person of the same age or description shall be continued in slavery by the laws of this State: Provided, that such slave shall be the bona fide property of such emigrants: Provided, also, that laws shall be passed to prohibit the introduction, into this State, of slaves who have committed high crimes in other States or territories. They shall have the right to pass laws to permit the owners of slaves to emancipate them, saying the rights of creditors, and preventing them from becoming a public charge. They shall have full power to pass laws, which shall oblige the owners of slaves to treat them with humanity; to provide for them necessary food and clothing; to abstain from all injuries to them, extending to life or limb; and, in case of their neglect or refusal to comply with the directions of such laws, to have such slave or slaves taken from such owner, and sold for the benefit of such owner or owners. They may pass laws to prevent slaves from being brought into this State as merchandise only.
SEC. 2––In the prosecution of slaves for crimes a higher grade than petit larceny, the Legislature shall have no power to deprive them a impartial trial by a petit jury.
SEC.
3––Any person who shall maliciously dismember, or deprive a slave of life,
shall suffer such punishment as would be inflicted, in case the like offence
had been committed upon a free white person, and upon like proof, except
in case of insurrection of such slaves.
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RE43n42p4c3, September 30, 1845: LET JUSTICE BE DONE
As the Whig press has charged the Administration with a bungling and inefficient policy in exposing a small body of troops to the attacks of the overpower Mexican army, we are glad to see the Government vindicated by a letter from General Taylor himself, an extract of which is published in the N.O. Bulletin of the 19th inst. It will be seen, that he was far from regarding the force under his command as too weak or a liable to defeat. This letter brings up another strange circumstance. It has been generally understood, that General Gaines, in calling upon the Governor of Louisiana for volunteers acted under information from General Taylor, that 8 or 10,000 Mexicans were marching upon him. From the tenor of General Taylor’s letter, there would seem to be no foundation for such belief. Whence, then, did the old General derive his alarming news? We fully appreciate the purity of his motives in making every preparation to protect our gallant little army in Texas––but it is now apparent that he must have been deceived by unofficial information, not to be relied upon. For the last news from Texas, we regret to the interesting extracts from the New Orleans Picayune. The whole country will mourn over the awful destruction of the gallant officers and men. It was, indeed, an inglorious end for those noble spirits, who were prepared to sacrifice their lives for their country on the field of battle.
We have read an analysis of the Constitution of Texas, which has been fully completed and will soon be submitted to the people. Ti seems to be a wise and well-digested system of government. All that is now wanting to complete the union of the two Republics, is the action of our Congress. And can we doubt the result? Is there any reason to fear that the People’s Representatives will so far violate the popular voice, expressed from Maine to the Sabine, as to throw away, at this late day, the rich jewel within our grasp? We have no fear. The annexation of Texas has exerted a wonderful influence upon the affairs of this country. It will work out its own completion, and confer vast blessings upon the future destiny of the American Continent.
General Taylor’s letter is dated at Corpus Christi, September 14th:
“As yet, we have met with no enemy, nor do I expect we shall do so, at least for sometime; as our Chief Magistrate cannot declare war, and from all the information I can obtain, I do not believe that Mexico will declare war against us; even should she have the temerity to do so, she will hardly attempt to invade any of our territory, but will act on the defensive and by no intercourse.
‘I was quite surprised to learn that considerable apprehensions were felt by the good citizens of New Orleans and elsewhere for our safety, particularly as I neither by letter of any other way expressed the opinion that I thought our situation a critical one, much less that I desired reinforcement, or that my command was not adequate to repulse any force that might be brought against it. At the same time I duly appreciate as well as feel under the greatest obligations to the good people of your city, not only for the interest they manifested for our safety, but more especially for the two excellent Volunteer Companies of Artillery, so promptly dispatched.”
We copy from the N.O. Courier the following particulars respecting the new Constitution of Texas:
“All actual settlers shall be entitled to their lands as colonists, not exceeding 640 acres to the head of a family, and 320 to a single man.
“The legislature is prohibited from extending any contract for settling a colony, and from relieving any contractor from the failure of the conditions, or forfeiture accruing from non-fulfillment of contract.
“The
Constitution is signed by the President and Secretary of the convention,
as adopted in full form Aug. 27, 1845. The election for its adoption
or rejection by the people is to be held on the second Monday of next October,
and if approved, the election for state officers shall be held on the 3d
Monday of December.”
[BRM]
October
Friday, October 3, 1845 REv42i43p1c3 Texas Emigration; Words: 765
The subscriber offers, on behalf of the Texas Association, 320 acres of land, the one moiety of a section, to be surveyed by the Association, for $8, to any family who may settle thereon from any part of the United States or Europe, by the first day of July 1846; after which time, but 200 acres will be given to each family.
A title to the land may be obtained, at any time after settlement, from the Texan Government, on condition of building on it a comfortable cabin and enclosing and cultivating not less than 15 acres for three years. A failure to comply with these conditions will occasion a forfeit of the title of the emigrant to the government. A family is required to consist of not less than a man and his wife; a widow, or widower, with two children; or two single men, each above seventeen years of age.
The above lands lie on both sides of the Trinity above the mouth of Cedar Creek, and embrace the mouth of the Bois d’Arc, or East fork of the river. They are bounded to the West by the Brazos River, above the mouth of Aquila Creek; to the South, by a line from the mouth of Cedar Creek, the second large creek below Richland, to the mouth of Aquila Creek. The Eastern boundary commences 50 miles South of Red River, and runs East 48 miles fro the Eastern boundary of the prior grant to the Texas Emigration and Land Company, who have, already, more than five hundred families colonized on their grant, between the country inhabited by the Indians, and the grant of C.F. Mercer and his associates. More than two hundred and twenty families have already been introduced and settled by the subscriber, and his associates, on the lands. Five dollars, in money, labor, or materials, will be exacted, hereafter, of each family, for the erection of schoolhouses.
Provision is making for the erection of a town on the Trinity, below the East Fork, and on has been already established in the Western Colony, at Dallas, three miles below the mouth of the West Fork. The Trinity is expected to furnish the best navigation of any river in Texas, and its navigation is susceptible of improvement at a moderate cost. Steamboats now ascend the Trinity to the vicinity of Fort Houston, and will, when its commerce is extended, as readily pass above, through the entire grant before mentioned- the first obstruction being a raft immediately below Dallas.
The present growing crop of corn within the colony, and its vicinity, now nearly matured, promises to be most abundant; and the late harvest has manifested the ability of the soil, upon and near Trinity, to produce abundant crops of wheat, rye, and oats, as well as cotton and tobacco. The tract of land here offered for settlement lies between latitudes 31 deg., 30 min, and 33 deg., 30 min. North; is interspersed with prairies and woodland, and unsurpassed in its capacity for grazing. Cattle and sheep need no food or protection from human labor, at any season of the year. Much of the above country is well watered, and cannot fail, especially the rolling prairies, with which it abounds, to prove healthy. Emigrants may reach the settlements already formed by the Arkansas River, the Land Carriage, from Fort Gibson to the Trinity., being about 200 miles, or by the Red River, always navigable to Shreveport, within 200 miles, and between the Autumnal and Spring rains., to Fulton, within 60, and Piney Bluff, within 50 miles. From Galveston, when a steamboat can be had, the voyage to the new town of Fenton, within the granted lands, may be preformed in less than two and a half days. Galveston is a flourishing town on the West of the Gulf of Mexico. Food for horses and cattle abounds on the prairies, and may be procured free at no cost.
Dr. Daniel Rowlett, residing on the Red River, East of the Trinity, at Lexington, near Bonham, is the sub-agent of the Texas Association, for the lands East of the Trinity; and Col. E.L. Ripley Wheelock, of Wheelock, in Robertson county, for the part of the above grant West of the river. Their respective Post Offices are, Bonham, in Fannin county, and Wheelock, in Robertson County. Both have deputies to represent them in person, or by letter (post paid,) and further intelligence may be had that may be desired
Charles Fenton Mercer
Original Grantee of the Chief Agent of the Texas Association
New Orleans, September 26, 1845
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Friday, October 3, 1845 REv42i43p2c2 Cotton- The Great Escape Words: 608
We lay before the public this evening one of the most interesting letters which has even appeared in the “Union”. Our regulate correspondent in New York furnishes a clear, full, and decisive description of the result of celebrated experiments made by the East India Company, in the cultivation of cotton in the East. We recommend it to the attention of our countrymen, particularly of the South; and respectfully advise the editors of newspapers to read and republish it in the respective papers.
The English experiment in the East has signally failed. It was made under the most favorable auspices in different parts of India. It has succeeded in none of them. It was made under the eye of ten experienced planters from the cotton region of the United States, with the best American cotton-seed; but it has failed. Nature forbids any serious competition between the cotton of the East Indies and that of the United States. The Southern portion of our country stands unrivalled in the production of a staple which constitutes the basis of the most important manufacture both in Great Britain and on the continent. Well might England struggle to baffle us in the annexation of Texas, for there she would have plated her lever. By her aid, and by her cotton plantations, Britain would have attempted to make herself independent of the United States- throwing her manufacturers into Texas, upon terms that would have defied the competition of our own fabrics; and receiving the raw materials in return, upon better terms than she could have obtained the growth of our Southern cotton-lands. The acquisition of Texas, therefore, foils the most anxious policy of Great Britain. { crease in page, can’t read 2 sentences} It gives us every advantage in competition with her. It gives us wealth in peace, and power in war; because, how can Great Britain continue to persecute a desperate and continued war, which is destine to starve her own manufacturers? The acquisition of Texas thus puts us in possession of almost all the best lands in the world for the growth of Cotton; and this is decidedly one of the most important staples; in every respect, that can be cultivated by man. If we do not hold the monopoly of the article, yet we produce it of better quality, and in greater quantity, than any other country. We may safely defy all rivalry in its production. Thus is becomes a source of wealth and abundance- of prosperity in peace and power in war.
Let
us further add, that the acquisition of Texas is not only of great value to
the South, but it is destined to shed incalculable advantage upon the North.
Let the Whigs oppose it as much as they please, or let the Abolitionist threaten
even dissolution of the Union. Not many months will pass away, before our
Eastern brethren will appreciate and confess the benefits which they receive.
Is it nothing to them, that a growing trade is thrown open to their shipping?
Is in nothing, that a market is opened for the consumption of their manufactures
free of all duty, whilst the British fabrics are subjected to the requisitions
of our revenue laws? Is it nothing, that our own manufacturers have the advantage
of enjoying free trade in Texas, with 25 to 30 per centum in their favor,
over the rival manufacturers of England of other continent? But enough for
the present. The remarks of our correspondent supersede the necessity of
any further reflections on our part, and we recommend the valuable statistics,
as well as his general conclusions, to every reader and every editor in the
country.
[JKM]
Friday, October 3, 1845 REv42i43p2c4 Ten Days Later From Texas Words: 851
[ Reprinted from N.O. Picayune Sept. 25]
The pilot boat J.N. Hitchcock, Desdernier, master, arrived at his port yesterday from Galveston, and we have dates by her to the 17th inst. from Galveston. Our previous papers from that city were down to the 6th instant, brought by the Hope Howes, which left there on the 7th.
The National Register, published at Washington, states that the President of Texas has authorized Col. Clark L. Owen, of Jackson county, to raise one thousand men by voluntary enrolment, to be mustered into the United States service under Gen. Taylor. Maj. Hays, with his command, is also to co-operate with Gen. Taylor. Active measures have been taken to recruit the number of men required.
The News, referring to this statement, says it is informed that the recruiting officers have been dispatched to several places, for the purpose of raising volunteers for the above service. Our citizens have been too often hoaxed with this Mexican war, and, would rather see the enemy then their proclamation. When it can be ascertained that the Mexicans are this side of the Rio Grande, the Texans, it is said, will turn out fast enough without proclamations for our President.
Jacob Jean, a German, who went to Texas with the Prince of Solms, died by a stroke of the sun in Galveston on the 10th. It is said to be the only case which has occurred in Galveston this season.
The Civilian of the 13th mentions that Galveston continues to enjoy uninterrupted good health, and that as far as accounts extend, the entire country is as healthy as any region of the world. The editor can hear of no sickness in any direction.
The Hon. J.B. Miller, of Fort Bend, has consented to become a candidate for Governor of the State of Texas.
The Register confirms that Indian information which we gave of Friday last. The Comanches are divided among themselves, forming the peace and the war parties. The peace party is now said to be in the ascendant, and manifest their fidelity in various ways. They were all expected to meet in a general council, to be held on Towaccano Creek, at Post No. 2, on the11th inst. Their chief Santa Anna was expected to be present, and to unite with the others in a treaty of amity with us. The late expedition, under the Chief Buffalo Hump, against the Mexicans, is said to have been crowned a success. They returned from beyond the Rio Grande loaded with spoils. The other tribes, says the Register, are progressing in the agricultural arts, and beginning to enjoy the blessings of civilization.
Dr. Ashbel Smith attracts a good deal of attention from the press of Texas. His long letter is copied at length, but elicits comments in the most unfavorable to the doctor’s purpose. It is a singular fact, that men of sense in this part of the country, and a large portion of Texans, do not believe in the sincerity of Ashbel Smith’s assertion, that he was, and is, in favor with the Annexation of Texas.
The following are names of members elect to the Tenth Texas Congress: Archibald McNeil for the county of Montgomery; Dr. C. McAnelly for Harris; Gen. W.S. Fisher for Galveston; J.P. Hudson for Fayette; R.M. Williamson for Washington; and S.W. Perkins, and W.B.P. Gaines, for Branzoria.
The National Register of the 11th , publishes a translation of Arista’s Proclamation to the Mexicans, which was received at Washington overland from Monterey, and comments as follows:
“The chivalry and patriotism of all Mexico are to be participants in the glorious work, which is to make every valley and mountain from the Rio Grande to the isthmus, verdant with never-fading laurels. The veterans of Santa Fe, accustomed victors, and the invincible battalions of the South, are on the march. Horrible to relate, the perfidious and rapacious Anglo Saxon, whose home is in Texas, or who comes from the land of the many stars, is to be overwhelmed, and swept from the fact of the earth. The honor of Mexico has been insulted- the property of her children threatened, and the integrity of the nation itself menaced. The sword must now do its work- and a glorious work is to be for the army of Arista. The world will look on with wonder and amazement; and after it is all over, will hardly believe that the soldiers of our Republic have been really vanquished by those of the other. But it must be so. General Arista has said it; and who will be bold enough to contradict him? The history of Texas- the battles of Valesco, Anahuac, Gonzales, Bexar, and San Jacinto, attest to the invincibility of the Mexican arms. General Taylor should make a ‘retrograde advance’ in the double quick time. As is certain that he will be ‘used up’ if he remains in his present dangerous position, we would insist, for the sake of humanity, that he place himself, with the whole of his command, at once beyond the reach of General Arista and his veteran hosts.”
“We tremble for the fate of the American Flag.”
[JKM]
Friday, October 3, 1845 REv42i43p4c1 Latest From Mexico Words: 864
We have been kindly furnished by a friend with the following. From it we should judge that the services of our Artillery company will not be needed.
Extract from a letter, written on board the United States Ship Princeton, off Pensacola (Florida) Sept. 20, 1845
“We have just reached our anchorage here, after a passage of four and a half days from Vera Cruz, off which place we arrived on the 10th instant, having taken thither a special message messenger from Com. Connor to the American Consul. We have found the Mexicans quietly pursuing their usual avocations, free from all excitement or apprehension of war. In fact, the warlike feeling which was lately discoverable in Mexico, has almost entirely subsided. Was is scarcely alluded to, and the only this to remind on that the relations between that country and the United States are not perfectly amicable, is an occasional paragraph in the newspapers filled with high-flown praises of Mexican honor and valor, and a corresponding amount of abuse of the Americans. This, however, only evinces the characteristic fondness of the people for gasconade, and affords no proper grounds for drawing an inference respecting a corresponding action on their part. The customary national salutes are exchanged with our men-of-war when they enter the Mexican ports; so that, notwithstanding all diplomatic intercourse has ceased between the two nations, in all our respects the usual courtesies are shown from on to the other reciprocally. Whether there will be war or not remains for Mexico to determine; and , if we might draw a conclusion in reference to her course so far as it is connected with policy and prudence, we might say there will be none. Her treasury is bankrupt, and there is no means to replenish its empty coffers. Her army is disorganized, disaffected and destitute, and manifest much insubordination. On the 9th of August, a division of troops, under orders to the Texan frontier, refused to march, alleging as the cause of their conduct, their destitute and neglected condition. General Goana, who commanded them, together with about 20 officers who had refused to join the malcontents, was compelled to return to the city of Mexico. General Paredes, the commander-